Suchergebnisse

Među najzanimljivijim projektima obnova crkava Hermana Bolléa i s njim povezanim majstorima zagrebačke Obrtne škole s kojima je surađivao, pripada obnova križevačke katedrale Presvetog Trojstva. Radi se o unijatskoj katedrali, stoljeće ranije uspostavljene, Križevačke biskupije (obnovljene Marčansko-svidničke eparhije). Ovo nije bio prvi obnoviteljski zahvat na crkvi i samostanu, možemo reći da se ovaj građevinski kompleks obnavlja tijekom čitavog 19. stoljeća. Dolaskom u Križevce na mjesto vladike (biskupa), Julije Drohobeczky odlučuje staru redovničku gotičku crkvu obnoviti sjajem dostojnim katedrale, za što će prikupljati podršku svojim političkim i crkvenim vezama. Pored Drohobeczkoga, koji stoji usred inicijative ovog projekta, te Bolléa koji je umjetnički osmislio cjelinu i detalje, treća važna figura u realizaciji ove obnove je Iso Kršnjavi, povjesničar umjetnosti, svestrani kulturni radnik i inicijator, te u kritičnom razdoblju pokretanja projekta predstojnik Odjela za bogoštovlje i nastavu. Obnova crkve i izvedba novog inventara, poglavito crkvenog ikonostasa događa se u jednom od najuzbudljivijih trenutaka hrvatske umjetnosti: prvaci hrvatske moderne vraćaju se privremeno ili konačno sa svojih školovanja, puni novih ideja i revolucionarnih umjetničkih koncepata neviđenih u našim krajevima, sukobi tradicionalista i modernista kulminiraju u polemikama u kojima se ne biraju riječi, promjenjiva politička sudbina Kršnjavog snažno se odražava na umjetničke projekte, ali i na sudbine pojedinih slikara i kipara. U tim okolnostima realiziraju se neki, još danas nedovoljno prepoznati projekti kroz koje se Hrvatska transformira iz provincije u kulturnu srednjoeuropsku sredinu. Jedan od takvih projekata je i križevačka katedrala, te njen ikonostas. Križevački ikonostas je važno, prijelomno djelo u hrvatskoj umjetnosti i kulturi, koje ostavlja trag u pojedinačnom umjetničkom itineraru slikara koji su na njemu radili, te u većoj grupi djela nastalih u sljedećih nekoliko godina. U članku će se pokušati objasniti nastanak ovog ikonostasa iz sukoba i sinergije mnoštva likovnih i ne-likovnih čimbenika, likovne tradicije i novoškolovanih slikara, političke konstelacije u prostoru koji obilježava Kršnjavi sa svojim pristašama i protivnicima, te na kraju, mada možda i najvažnije, specifičnih viđenja istočnog rituala, a posebno unijatske crkvene zajednice. ; The renovation of the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Križevci is one of the most interesting conservation projects of the architect Herman Bollé and the group of artisans and craftsmen whose work he coordinated. The uniate cathedral is the seat of the Eparchy of Križevci (the restored Eparchy of Marča). This was not the first remodeling intervention on the church and the monastery and it can be said that this building complex was being reconstructed throughout 19th century. After becoming the bishop of Križevci, Julije Drohobeczky decided to reconstruct the old monastery gothic church with a splendor becoming of a cathedral, for which he gathered support using his political and church relations. Next to Drohobeczky, the leading figure of this project, and Bollé – the artist behind the reconstruction – the third important figure in the realization of this reconstruction was its initiator, art historian and cultural benefactor Izidor Iso Kršnjavi, who was the head of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Education in the critical period. The reconstruction of the church and the manufacturing of the new inventory, especially the church iconostasis, took place in one of the most important periods of Croatian art, when the most notable figures of the Modern period in Croatia returned, either temporarily or permanently, from their studies full of new ideas and revolutionary art concepts never before seen in Croatia. Conflicts between traditionalist and modernists culminated in heated polemics. Kršnjavi's changing political influence reflected prominently on art projects, as well as the destinies of some painters and sculptors. In such circumstances some projects, still unacknowledged as of today, which transformed Croatia from a province to a cultural Central European milieu. One of such projects was the Križevci cathedral and its iconostasis. The iconostasis is an important and ground breaking work in Croatian art and culture, which enriched the oeuvre of painters that worked on it and stood out in the bigger group of works of art that were made in the following couple of years. In the following analysis we shall strive to elucidate the creation of this iconostasis out of the conflict and synergy of the multitude of artistic and non-artistic factors, art tradition and newly educated painters, as well as the political constellation in the sphere of action of Kršnjavi and his supporters and detractors, and finally – and most crucially – specific perspectives of the Eastern rite, and especially the Uniate community.

Autorica na temelju arhivske građe prikupljene u Nadbiskupskom arhivu u Zagrebu iz fonda "Nadbiskupski duhovni stol" obrađuje povijest Župe Presvetog Trojstva iz Daruvara u razdoblju od 1918. do 1929. Promatrano razdoblje odabrano je ciljano jer kroz povijest župe može se saznati kakve su društvene, gospodarske te socijalne prilike određenog područja. U ovom slučaju to su prilike nakon završetka Prvog svjetskog rata, raspada Austro-Ugarske te stvaranje nove države. Upravo poslijeratno razdoblje označavalo je promjene u radu župe te saniranje nanesenih šteta uzrokovanih ratnim događanjima. Osim osvrta na samu povijest župske zajednice, rad donosi podatke i o ostalim stanovnicima, ali i pripadnicima različitih vjerskih zajednica koje se nalaze na župskom području. Utjecaji političkih prilika, suradnje i sukobi s različitim institucijama poput škola, ali i materijalno stanje župljana predstavljali su glavne brige župnika Mije Ettingera. U konačnici, promatrano razdoblje obilježila je afera anonimnog pisma u kojem se kritizirao rad župe i župnika. Uloga župnika, život župe u višekulturnom i viševjerskom okruženju, poslijeratno razdoblje, nove političke prilike lako se prate promatranjem ove daruvarske župe. Život i rad župe predstavlja važan dio vjerske, kulturne, ali i političke povijesti grada Daruvara. U cijelosti rad se oslanja na korespondenciju župnika i Nadbiskupskog duhovnog stola u Zagrebu. ; Based on the archival material collected at the Archdiocesan Archives in Zagreb, the author analyzes the history of the Parish of the Holy Trinity in Daruvar in the period 1918–1929. This particular period has been carefully chosen, since by studying parish history, one may learn the social, economic and material situation of a particular area. In this case, the situation in question was the one in the period after World War One, the downfall of Austro-Hungary, and the formation of a new state. It was in the afterwar period that changes in the operation of the parish were introduced, and the damage caused by the war was restored. In addition to a survey of the history of the parish community, the paper offers information on other inhabitants, as well as on members of various religious communities residing in the parish area. The principal concerns of parish priest Mijo Ettinger were the influence of the political situation, cooperations and conflicts with institutions such as schools, and financial circumstances of the parishioners. In the end, the studied period was marked by the affair caused by an anonymous letter, in which the activities of the parish and the parish priest were criticized. The role of the parish priest, parish life in a multi-culture and multi-religion environment, the afterwar period, and new political circumstances may easily be followed by studying this particular parish in Daruvar. The life and operation of the parish presents an important part of the religious, cultural, as well as political history of Daruvar. The paper is based entirely on the correspondence between the parish priest and the Archdiocese of Zagreb.

The author looks into the life & work of Alexander von Humboldt, viewing him as a protagonist of a scientific globalization concept that linked the promotion of science with the trinity of liberty, equality, & fraternity. Humboldt saw fraternite as realized in the form of a worldwide dialogue of scientists. The author observes that Humboldt was a pragmatic & organizational genius of networking, ie, the strategy of public relations that included contacts with scientists & the popularization of scientific achievements. Humboldt's Eurocentrism, which comes to the fore in his work about his travels, is nevertheless as ambivalent as the history of the reception of that work. Truth to tell, this work lay the foundation for European colonization & exploitation of Latin America, but was also essential for its self-understanding & political emancipation. The author claims that Humboldt's private & political ambivalence, essentially productive, is the result of his magnificent incompleteness & imperfections. Adapted from the source document.

The author looks into the life & work of Alexander von Humboldt, viewing him as a protagonist of a scientific globalization concept that linked the promotion of science with the trinity of liberty, equality, & fraternity. Humboldt saw fraternite as realized in the form of a worldwide dialogue of scientists. The author observes that Humboldt was a pragmatic & organizational genius of networking, ie, the strategy of public relations that included contacts with scientists & the popularization of scientific achievements. Humboldt's Eurocentrism, which comes to the fore in his work about his travels, is nevertheless as ambivalent as the history of the reception of that work. Truth to tell, this work lay the foundation for European colonization & exploitation of Latin America, but was also essential for its self-understanding & political emancipation. The author claims that Humboldt's private & political ambivalence, essentially productive, is the result of his magnificent incompleteness & imperfections. Adapted from the source document.

Grkokatolici su u Hrvatskoj živjeli u malim skupinama, u raznim dijelovima Hrvatske. No od 1771. sjedište njihove biskupije je u Križevcima gdje imaju prekrasnu crkvu Presvete Trojice. Dakako da za uzdržavanje biskupije trebaju materijalna sredstva i biskup Julije Drohobeczky je na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće osmislio stočarstvo kao najpogodniju gospodarsku granu za grkokatolike, te je pomagao uzgoj a onda i prodaju stoke za izvoz. Političke prilike nisu pogodovale ravnomjernom razvoju i tek 1928. Đuro Predović podiže u Gjurgjištu tvornicu za preradu mesa, a potom i proizvodnju seruma. Ova tvornica prosperitetno radi do 1943. godine kada je devastirana od partizana, no industrijski kompleks ostaje skupljalište plodina do kraja rata, kada je tvornica konfiscirana, a Đuro Predović izbjegao u Argentinu. Predović je od 1935. dio tvornice seruma preselio u Zemun. ; Despite the fact that Uniates had been living in small groups in different parts of Croatia, Križevci – home of the stunning Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Trinity – became the seat of their diocese in 1773. Since considerable resources were needed to support the diocese, Bishop Julije Drohobeczky envisaged stock-farming as the agricultural branch best suited for Uniates at the turn of the 19th century and supported the breeding and selling of stock. Since political conditions at the time resulted in uneven development, Đuro Predović built a meat curing factory as late as 1929 in Gjurgjišće and later established the production of serum for the vaccination of pigs. The majority of the produced meat was exported to Germany. He also established Vetserum in Zemun, a big chemical production plant. Despite frequents clashes with the workers, the plant functioned successfully until 1943 when it was ransacked and devastated by partisans. The industrial complex was used as a crop storage unit until the end of the war, when the company was nationalized and Đuro Predović fled to Argentina. The factory being built on the main railway line Rijeka – Zagreb – Central Europe points to the fact that Uniates took up stock-farming, which was the most successful agricultural branches in terms of export.