Suchergebnisse

Trust establishment is an important problem which often arises everyday. We need to assess the trust in someone or something before making decisions on their actions. It is also a very important problem for Internet applications where participants of a system are virtual entities. The trust establishment is a key factor for e-commerce applications and services which involve interactions with unknown users.The objective of this thesis is to build an infrastructure for trust management which allows each participant to express his own security policy. The security policy is a way for the participant to define his own access control to his own resources and services. The infrastructure provides a trust negotiation mechanism that allows two participants to establish a mutual trust between them for interactions.The important point of our proposal of an infrastructure for trust management is that we use all available information such as credentials (signed certificates), reputations, recommendations or risk information about the peer to make decisions on trust. All these factors are expressed in the security policy by using our proposed policy language. ; L'établissement de la confiance est un problème qui se pose en permanence dans la vie quotidienne. Nous avons toujours besoin d'évaluer la confiance que l'on a en quelqu'un avant de décider d'entreprendre une action avec. Il s'agit bien évidemment d'une question très importante pour les applications de l'Internet où il est de plus en plus rare d'engager une transaction avec des personnes ou des entités que l'on connaîtrait au préalable. La confiance est un élément clé pour le développement et le bon fonctionnement des applications d'e-commerce et par extension de tous les services qui amènent à des interactions avec des inconnus.Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une infrastructure de gestion de la confiance qui permette à chaque participant d'exprimer sa propre politique de confiance ; politique qui guidera le comportement des applications qui fournissent ou qui ...

Trust establishment is an important problem which often arises everyday. We need to assess the trust in someone or something before making decisions on their actions. It is also a very important problem for Internet applications where participants of a system are virtual entities. The trust establishment is a key factor for e-commerce applications and services which involve interactions with unknown users.The objective of this thesis is to build an infrastructure for trust management which allows each participant to express his own security policy. The security policy is a way for the participant to define his own access control to his own resources and services. The infrastructure provides a trust negotiation mechanism that allows two participants to establish a mutual trust between them for interactions.The important point of our proposal of an infrastructure for trust management is that we use all available information such as credentials (signed certificates), reputations, recommendations or risk information about the peer to make decisions on trust. All these factors are expressed in the security policy by using our proposed policy language. ; L'établissement de la confiance est un problème qui se pose en permanence dans la vie quotidienne. Nous avons toujours besoin d'évaluer la confiance que l'on a en quelqu'un avant de décider d'entreprendre une action avec. Il s'agit bien évidemment d'une question très importante pour les applications de l'Internet où il est de plus en plus rare d'engager une transaction avec des personnes ou des entités que l'on connaîtrait au préalable. La confiance est un élément clé pour le développement et le bon fonctionnement des applications d'e-commerce et par extension de tous les services qui amènent à des interactions avec des inconnus.Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une infrastructure de gestion de la confiance qui permette à chaque participant d'exprimer sa propre politique de confiance ; politique qui guidera le comportement des applications qui fournissent ou qui permettent d'accéder à des services. Cette infrastructure met en œuvre des mécanismes de négociation qui vont permettre d'établir une confiance mutuelle entre les différents participants d'une transaction. Un des points importants de notre proposition est d'offrir un langage d'expression des politiques qui permet d'utiliser toutes les sources d'informations disponibles telles que les qualifications (credentials), la notion de réputation, de recommandation, de risque pour exprimersa politique de confiance.

since the introduction of the trust in French law by the Law of 19 February 2007, the legal regime governing the security trust has been constantly amended by the legislator. However, questions now clearly regulated in the Civil Code, both as regards trust in furniture and those relating to immovable property (see Articles 2011, 2372 (1) and 2488 (1)), remain, essentially relating to the coordination of the security trust regime with certain regulations applicable to the assets forming the subject matter of the trust. ; International audience ; since the introduction of the trust in French law by the Law of 19 February 2007, the legal regime governing the security trust has been constantly amended by the legislator. However, questions now clearly regulated in the Civil Code, both as regards trust in furniture and those relating to immovable property (see Articles 2011, 2372 (1) and 2488 (1)), remain, essentially relating to the coordination of the security trust regime with certain regulations applicable to the assets forming the subject matter of the trust. ; Le régime juridique de la fiducie-sûreté n'a cessé d'être aménagé par le législateur depuis l'introduction de la fiducie en droit français par la loi du 19 février 2007. Désormais clairement réglementée dans le Code civil, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la fiducie portant sur des meubles que celle portant sur des immeubles (v. art. 2011 s., art. 2372-1 s. et art. 2488-1 s.), des questions subsistent néanmoins, qui tiennent pour l'essentiel à la coordination du régime de la fiducie-sûreté avec certaines réglementations applicables aux biens faisant l'objet de la fiducie.

Even today, before its effective European integration, Romania still witnesses strong diversity refusal at the general public level. This research paper deals with the Romanian majority representations of two of the most visible ethnic minorities in Romania -Hungarians and Gypsies- and pays attention to significant attitudes of discrimination and intolerance. Moreover, it examines some of the most important factors for ethnic tolerance. The social capital theory sets that participation in secondary organizations is a certain source for civic values, social trust and positive norms of reciprocity, commitment, honesty, tolerance and mutual respect. But in Romania the effects of participation are weaker than expected in this respect. The most important factors for tolerance are ethnic contact and -especially for the Gypsies- the spread of ethnic prejudices. Even education appears less important, a possible solution for the future development of ethnic tolerance is multicultural education, which offers the chance of a contact between still separated ethnic cultures in Romania.