Suchergebnisse

The remains in Montefeltro of the material structures of the medieval mendicant orders still constitute a fresh archive of data useful for casting light on the formal and technological transformations that took place in the first two centuries of its history. The book looks for the first time into the type of settlements of the Franciscan and Augustinian orders through the historical, archaeological, historico-artistic and petrographic analysis of the elevations of six convents dating from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

This study, through the use of hundreds of archival documents over a period of about two centuries, highlights the total reversal in the silk trade that occurred from the beginning of the 15th century: silk cloth no longer crossed the Mediterranean from East to West, as in previous centuries, but from West to East. Jewish, Turkish and Syrians merchants, and above all the Sublime Porte showed continued appreciation for Florentine silks. Through the analysis of the sources, every phase of such export is described in detail: the purchase of the cloths in Florence, their shipment, transport and finally the sale through Florentine correspondents in Constantinople. This flow of silks continued until the first decades of the 16th century, only to decline rapidly around the middle of the century.

This volume addresses the major themes that marked the complex relations between the Medici Grand Dukes and the Levant. For over two centuries (1532-1737), the Medici, as Dukes of Florence and Grand Dukes of Tuscany, ruled over a western Mediterranean state, which had a mainly European geopolitical sphere of influence. However, the transformation of the House of Medici, from republican "primi interpares" of Quattrocento Florence to dynastic rulers, occurred at the same moment when the Ottoman Empire rose to the rank of early modern superpower, polarizing Mediterranean politics. The Italian Peninsula became the arena where the cultural forces of the eastern and western Mediterranean converged. As a result, from the early days of their rule, the Medici Grand Dukes became enmeshed in a power dynamic which encompassed war, religion, diplomacy, and economic interests. This collection of essays addresses these very themes and sheds new light on key aspects of the complex relationships between the Medici Grand Dukes and the Levant

Mercenarism and Lordship are deeply linked in the Italy of the 14th and 15th centuries. It is difficult to distinguish between these two realities. Equally, it is difficult to understand the social impact of the mercenary phenomenon in reference to the lordship (this is an original theme). This work aims to clarify these aspects, with the use of new interpretative categories for the analysis of the complicated dynamics through which the two phenomena influenced each other.

The calls for the appointment of the liturgical officers, that is, those who were obliged by the state to carry out public service duties, constitute a category of documents produced within the Roman administration of Egypt in the second and third centuries AD; these public notices were issued by the strategus, head of a region. It is a homogeneous group of Greek papyri - about twenty, including two unpublished texts - collected for the first time in this volume: a transcription is provided for each liturgical call, accompanied by the translation and a commentary. Through the comparative analysis of the texts, interesting data emerge to determine the typology of the documents and to reconstruct the development of some procedures of the liturgical system during the second and third centuries AD.

The Pontine territory, located in southern Lazio, once ʽpalus pontina', has been represented over the centuries through iconographic views, cartographic drawings, literary documentation, and designed through reclamation works that allowed, over time, to dry up and anthropize the land. The two moments of representation and design of the Pontine territory are clearly reflected in Leonardo's Cartographic view of the Pontine plain and the coast north of Terracina, of which the paper presents a critical reading.

How do Torquato Tasso and Giovan Battista Marino react to the vigilant and normative context between the 16th and 17th centuries? Two evasive tactics designed to safeguard lewdness and enchantment in the poems are considered, starting from the relationship the two authors had with norms and rules: allegory on the one hand, and disguise on the other. Tasso's path is evolutionary and his opinion changes according to the internalisation of laws and values that lead to a re-evaluation of his initial opinions, while Marino transgresses the rules and uses typically defensive elements - such as allegory - overturning them and inventing a concealed offensive use. In this context, the paratextual allegories of Marino's Adonis, hitherto ill-considered by critics, are thus re-evaluated, and the Tasso route is reconsidered from a perspective that sees the two authors not as victims of a censorial system, but as active participants.

Verlagsinfo: This pathbreaking work pursues two interwoven themes. Firstly, it engages in a deconstruction of Ancient philosopher's texts - mainly from Plato, but also from Homer and Parmenides - in order to free four Greek female figures from the patriarchal discourse which for centuries had imprisoned them in a particular role. Secondly, it attempts to construct a symbolic female order, reinterpreting these figures from a new perspective. Building on the theory of sexual difference, Cavarero shows that death is the central category on which the whole edifice of traditional philosophy is based. By contrast, the category of birth provides the thread with which new concepts of feminist criticism can be woven together to establish a fresh way of thinking.

This book is a synthesis of the great migrations of the 6th-13th centuries, focused on the median space between the two extremes of the Eurasian continent: Western Europe and Eastern Asia. In the light of the sources, it aims to reassess the complexity of the relationships between the nomads of the steppes and the sedentarized societies that came into contact with them. The choice to focus on the Qïpčaq-Cumans is due to their history, unique because they never constituted an organized and centralized center of collective power (stateless nomads); and paradigmatic, because it encompasses all the constitutive elements of steppe nomadism: social heterogeneity, mobility, military preparation, attraction for trade and willingness to negotiate. The migrations of the nomads of the steppes and their arrival close to the great organized communities of the Islamic and Christian world, from Asia to Europe, contributed to triggering a process of integration between Asia and the Mediterranean basin, a process that the Mongol invasion and conquest completed, giving birth to a new shared global space.

Prolegomena to a world history of the harbour and river chain / Benjamin Z. Kedar -- The socio-economic implications for ship construction : evidence from underwater archaeology and the Codex Theodosianus / Hadas Mor -- An unpublished medieval portolan of the Mediterranean in Minneapolis / David Jacoby -- Difficult sources : crusader art and the depiction of ships / Richard W. Unger -- Les vices et la criminalité des marins vénitiens à bord des navires vers la Mer Noire, XIVe-XVe siècles / Sergei Karpov -- Byzantine shipbuilding in fifteenth-century Venetian Crete : war galleys and the link to the Arsenal in Venice / Ruthy Gertwagen -- A Mediterranean encounter : the Fatimids and Europe, tenth to twelfth centuries / Yaacov Lev -- Local trade networks in medieval Sicily : the evidence of Idrisi / David Abulafia -- Aspects of intercoastal trade in the western Mediterranean : the voyage of the Santa María de Natzare / Lawrence V. Mott -- Brevi note su Pera genovese a metà del xiv secolo / Laura Balletto -- Genoa and Barcelona : two hypotheses for a "global" world / Gabriella Airaldi -- The crusader march from Dorylaion to Herakleia, 4 July-ca. 2 september 1097 / Bernard S. Bachrach -- Sex, death and the problem of single women in the armies of the First Crusade / Alan V. Murray -- Caffaro, Crusade, and the Annales Januensis : history and its uses in twelfth-century Genoa / John Dotson -- Mercenaries and Capuchins in southern France in the late twelfth century / John France -- Memory and the diversion of the Fourth Crusade / Thomas F. Madden -- The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade / Mark Gregory Pegg -- The importance of Greeks in Latin thought : the evidence of Roger Bacon / Amanda Power -- The roles of hospitaller and templar sergeants / Jonathan Riley-Smith -- Buondelmonti and the Holy War / Michel Balard

The remarkable and still increasing expansion of the international Socialist movement at the beginning of the 20th century was an important matter of concern for Catholic Church. This identified socialism as the last standard bearer of a basically anti-Christian modernity, as outcome and together vehicle of the secularization process, which was deemed as a deadly enemy of the traditional Christian social order and of religion itself. Thus for the Catholic word was the fight against the further spread of Socialist 'heresy' an absolute need. This research focuses precisely on the nature, forms and elements of Catholic antisocialism during the pontificate of Pius X (1903-1914). In doing so, it examines both the Italian and German context, which are investigated by means of two specific case studies: the diocese of Mainz for Germany, the archdiocese of Pisa for Italy. The analysis of the diocesan dimension, therefore of urban and rural parishes – the lowest level of the ecclesiastical framework –, allows to recognise the actual ways in which Catholic clergymen and lay people attempted to counter the growth of socialism in their communities, as well as their thought patterns. Furthermore, the comparative approach of the reaserch brings to light similarities and differences which ultimately concern not only to the selected cases but, with the proper precautions, even Italian and German Catholicism as a whole. The volume is organised in three main parts and several chapters. Topic of the first part is theoretical Catholic anti-socialism, that is the representation of socialism in Catholic culture between the 19th and 20th centuries. The second and the third part focus on practical anti-socialism, regarding respectively the diocese of Mainz and of Pisa. Finally the results of this study, which follow from the adopted methodology, are shown in the last pages.

This book, generated by the encounter between two schools - the Italian early mediaeval and the Argentine late antique - ranges from Italy to Gaul and the Eastern Mediterranean over a timespan from the third/fourth to the eighth centuries. It introduces a world polarised between an East destined to be divided between Byzantium and Islam, and a West composed of the post-Roman barbarian societies. The East, rooted within the Roman-Hellenistic heritage, represents a source of religious experiences which profoundly influence the West. With reference to Italy, the study focuses on an analysis of the Episcopal network, the emergence of the Benedictine Rule, and the correspondence of Gregory the Great. In the passage from East to West, the 'new' Barbarian societies emerge in the front line, proving that they too were seeking out ancient roots, both in Gaul and in Italy, the latter being partly still linked to Byzantium and partly under the dominion of the Lombards. Finally various crucial aspects of the Lombard kingdom - which proves to be profoundly permeated by the legacy of Rome - are addressed, including royalty, the capitals and the law, through the analysis of both written and archaeological sources. - Questo libro, frutto di un incontro fra due scuole, quella altomedievistica italiana e quella tardo-antica argentina, spazia dall'Italia, alla Gallia, al Mediterraneo orientale, nei secoli dal III/IV all'VIII, presentando un mondo polarizzato fra un oriente destinato a dividersi fra Bisanzio e l'Islam e un occidente costituito dalle società barbariche post-romane. L'oriente, radicato nell'eredità romano-ellenistica,è presente come fonte di esperienze religiose che influenzano profondamente l'occidente. Qui, in riferimento all'Italia, si analizzano la crescita della reteepiscopale, le più antiche vicende della Regula benedettina, l'epistolario di GregorioMagno. Nel passaggio dall'oriente all'occidente emergono in primo piano le nuove società barbariche, che si rivelano anch'esse alla ricerca di radici antiche, sia inGallia che in Italia, quest'ultima in parte ancora legata a Bisanzio, in parte sottoil dominio dei Longobardi. Del regno longobardo, che si rivela profondamentepermeato dall'eredità romana, si presentano infine aspetti importanti (la regalità, le capitali, il diritto), analizzando fonti scritte ed archeologiche.