Suchergebnisse

Introdution: The environment and the type of co-living of older people are crucial to understanding how the nature of their context influences a healthy lifestyle. However, no studies have investigated to what extent their type of co-living may be associated with the sports and the profile practice according to their age. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between the types of co-living and the age of the physically active elderly and the sports they practice. Hypothesis: It is thought that the age, situation, and satisfaction with the way of living in physically active older people differ according to the type of sport they practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We included 358 individuals aged between 61 and 93 years old (M = 69.66, SD = 4.74). Type of co-living was classified as living alone or living with others. The sports activities evaluated were: gym, dance, water activities, and yoga/pilates. Differences in the type of co-living and sports practiced were evaluated by ANOVA or Chi2. Results: Among the elderly who practice gymnastics, most of them live alone and in a tight core (p < 0.001) (Phi = 0.244). Furthermore, those who practice aquatic activities are more frequently the youngest (p < 0.001) (Phi = 0.198). Conclusion: Older people who do gymnastics have smaller living groups, those under 69 opt for gymnastics and aquatic activities, while those aged 70 and over prefer dance, yoga, and pilates.

In addition to various benefits for the physical, mental, and social development of a person, sport can also be an environment in which verbal and physical violence against athletes occurs. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which athletes of the City of Zagreb are exposed to verbal and physical violence by coaches, other players, parents, sponsors, and spectators and whether there are differences in exposure to such violence depending on gender and type of sport. A total of 135 athletes from the City of Zagreb participated in the research, who, by using a questionnaire, evaluated the frequency of verbal and physical violence by coaches, other players, parents, sponsors, and spectators. The results of the research show that athletes from the City of Zagreb are exposed to verbal and physical violence by all surveyed actors. In addition, male athletes are more exposed to verbal violence by coaches, other players, parents and spectators, and to physical violence by coaches and other athletes than female athletes. When it comes to the type of sport, no statistically significant differences in exposure to verbal and physical violence were found in athletes who engage in individual sports and those who engage in team sports. The obtained results indicate the importance of changing the focus in sports from the results to the personal development of the athletes themselves.

First there is a presentation of Jane and Anne, two young top-level handball players from Denmark. Despite this and the fact that their daily lives are very similar, sport plays different roles in their lives. Jane regards handball as her whole life and Anne regards it as a hobby. The analysis model and framework of "the concept of life-modes" is then presented. The biographies are used to analyse the concepts specific to the life-modes which people produce and use to construct their life stories, including concepts associated with sport. This analysis of sport practice is an attempt at an alternative and supplement to the analysis of sport practice made by quantitative sociology and social psychology.

Using Chan and Goldthorpe's theoretical framework of cultural consumption, this study analyses the patterns of social stratification in sports practice in Chile. Based on the data of the National Survey of Physical Activity and Sports Habits in the Population Aged 18 and Over 2015 in Chile ( n = 5511), a latent class analysis was used to identify and characterize types of sports practice in this country. After this, logistic and multinomial regressions were performed to relate the types of sports practice found and its social determinants. The results support current literature in sports participation, finding evidence in favour of both the homology hypothesis and omnivorous–univorous hypothesis. However, in the same way as previous studies, it is shown that these arguments are reconfigured in the field of sport.

The institutionalization of sport forms is normally seen as involving such pro ceses as (increasing) bureaucratization and formalization; leading to the characteriza tion of sport in terms such as "technical efficiency" and generally ''instrumental orientations" on the part of those involved. However there is nothing logically ine vitable in institutionalization processes leading sport progressively in these direc tions. Cases can be found — even in compleN industrial societies — in which value patten,s emphasizing non-competitivveness and rejecting high degrees of formaliza tion and organization are institutionalized. This article discusses the institutionalization of sport in terms of two contrasting types of sport subculture; play-sport subcultures and athletic-sport subcultures. Certain conditions are identified which are conducive to the development of each of these "types" of sport.

The article is focused on the problem of the evaluation component of sports chats with the purpose of analysing the priority values and establishing the typological classification of evaluating statements.

Purpose: study of features of organization of mass sports of students and cadets which server military contract in positions of officers. Material and Methods: analysis of literary sources and documents, analysis of the systems, questioning (questionnaire), methods of the mathematical processing of data. In a questionnaire 97 respondents – 29 cadets of a 5 course and 68 students of 4 courses of military-legal faculty of the Yaroslav Mudryi National law university. Results: 69% cadets and only 35% students are engaged in the different types of motive activity in free time, here 48% cadets and 43% students elect the playing types of sport (football, volley-ball, basket-ball), 65,5% cadets and 48,5% students go in for sports for self-perfection and self-realization, here 45% cadets and 32% students plan necessarily to prolong to be engaged in the select type of sport upon termination of studies in higher educational establishment. Conclusions: the Study 4th Year Students And Students Of The 5th Year Of Military Faculty Of Law Has Shown That The Students Serious About Their Chosen Profession And Understand The Importance Of Physical Fitness In A Future Service, They Are Able To Objectively Assess The Level Of Their Physical Readiness And Are Ready For Further Self-Improvement.

This article explores public expenditure in Brazilian sport from 2004 to 2015 and aims to understand if hosting sport mega-events has influenced investments in different types of sport (elite sport and educational/participation sport). Data were collected through governmental records and examined through descriptive statistics. Positive and negative variations of spending were reported, regarding both the overall budget allocated to sport and among the different types of sport. This study concluded that sport mega-events have influenced the funding of sports programs to some extent, but other aspects of public funding are likely to be more significant influencers on the observed variations. The study also argues that further research on different host countries is necessary to understand the impact of sport mega-events on public sport funding.

Although it is often assumed that the prevalence of sexual harassment is different indifferent sports, the assumption has not been empirically tested. This study considers whether the experience of sexual harassment varies by sport. The female elite athletes ( N = 553) in the study participated in 56 different sport disciplines. These were grouped as: 1) team or individual sports; 2) extent to which clothing required for competition is revealing; 3) gender structure (male- or female-dominated membership statistics); and 4) gender culture (masculine, gender-neutral or feminine). The data show that sexual harassment occurs in every sport group. Female elite athletes who participated in 'masculine' sports appear to experience more harassment than women in the other groups. We conclude that, when it comes to female athletes' experiences of sexual harassment, sport type matters far less than sport participation per se.

Athletes use psychological skills such as imagery and relaxation to decrease stress, cope with competitive anxiety, and achieve an optimal state of arousal. There is conflicting literature on how team and individual sport athletes use these skills, with some saying that individual sport athletes have better capabilities and others saying team sport athletes use imagery more frequently. The current study analyzed sport type differences in the use of relaxation and performance imagery among NCAA Division I (DI) athletes. This study included 117 NCAA DI athletes, including team sport (n = 72) and individual sport (n = 45). Participants completed a modified version of The Deliberate Relaxation for Sport Survey through Qualtrics. Results indicated there is a statistically significant difference in the type of relaxation technique used based on the individual's sport type. Team sport athletes used muscle relaxation (p = 0.034), eastern relaxation (p = 0.014), and stretching (p = 0.020) more frequently than individual sport athletes. Additionally, individual sport athletes used performance imagery more often for mental focus than team sport athletes (p = 0.012). There were no differences between sport types in the level of deliberate practice of relaxation and performance imagery. Athletes used a variety of methods to learn both imagery and relaxation skills and have been using these for an average of four years. The majority of participants (n = 67) did not work with a sport psychology professional, but their school has one. This study supports the use of individualized intervention programs to help athletes use relaxation and imagery in the most effective ways for their performances.