Suchergebnisse

Given the current political and institutional crossroads of the metropolis of Lisbon, there is a need for new (and urgent) approaches, as well as corresponding actions. The understanding of these approaches calls for a dynamic perspective, in the understanding and management before the perceptions and the strategies of the different actors, and the consequent processes of urban change. From this perspective, an inductive research is suggested, questioning the actors on the main urban governance challenges that arise, after an analysis of the metropolitan challenges themselves. A corresponding critical analysis seeks to clarify the main areas of reflection, and suggests levels for further research. ; Perante a presente situação de encruzilhada político-institucional da metrópole de Lisboa, surge a necessidade de novos (e urgentes) enfoques, bem como correspondentes acções. O entendimento destes enfoques apela para uma perspectiva dinâmica, na compreensão e gestão perante as percepções e as estratégias dos diferentes actores, e os consequentes processos de mudança urbana. Nesta perspectiva, sugere-se uma investigação de carácter indutivo, questionando os actores sobre os principais desafios de governância urbana que se colocam, após uma análise sobre os próprios desafios metropolitanos. Uma correspondente análise crítica procura clarificar as principais áreas de reflexão, e sugere níveis de aprofundamento.

In this article we engage with the contemporary data moment by exploring how particular data practices–– consisting of census data and statistics––have become embroiled in the making of urban space and governance in Denmark. By focusing on the controversial case of Danish "ghettos"––a state-sanctioned list of marginalised urban areas––we show how Danish data practices of routinely collecting and aggregating extensive census data have become central to ascribing particular urban neighbourhoods as ghetto areas. These data practices spatialise residential housing areas as problematic and influence Danish urban governance. We explore how new forms of data practices for monitoring urban areas arise, and argue that these practices help to maintain the spatialisation of the "ghetto list". They do so by drawing multiple forms of data together, that visualise and monitor "at risk" areas making them governable and amenable to physical changes. Finally, we show how the state uses data practices to make citizens (and municipalities) accountable; yet, this accountability cuts both ways, as citizens and municipalities also use data to hold the state accountable. We end with a discussion of how our analysis of data practices has implications for how we imagine the scalar hierarchy of the state and the politics of data

Sustainable urban governance needs to be participatory. Municipal decision-making processes have to be responsive, transparent and inclusive, they should also actively promote citizen involvement. While the concept of participatory urban governance is increasingly popular in Western societies, in East-Central Europe it struggles to overcome the complex effects of system transformation. The Polish experience of participatory urban governance is still quite shallow with few examples of good practice in this field discernable. To stimulate cooperation between local authorities and citizens we need to develop new tools of social participation in decision-making. In this paper I present the results of public consultations held in Wroclaw and Zielona Gora in 2007 by means of online surveys. The findings of the studies were used to define the principles of the future development of the respective cities highlighting the growing possibilities for the use of using online surveys as effective mechanisms in cooperation and co-governance. ; The paper is published by the European Journal of Spatial Development (EJSD). The previous version of the journal was host by Nordregio.

Supported on the analysis of a case study from Portugal (the Polis Programme), the article analyses the use of legal practices of exception in urban governance to explore the on-going reconfiguration of relationships within the state. A growing number of studies address how practices of exception shape state-society relationships, but little attention has been paid to how they shape the relationships among those governing while eliciting antagonisms from dissenting state actors. Findings suggest that legal practices of exception reconfigure the relationships within the state because, by default, they seek to redefine the field of government through a redistribution of power. The article illustrates different ways in which state actors attempt to resist practices of exception in everyday practice and concludes with a discussion of three paradoxes of their use in urban governance. The article reasserts the relevance of studying the role of the law and of the bureaucracy in urban governance. © 2012 Urban Studies Journal Limited.

The inadequate supply of electricity in Pakistan disrupts everyday life and hampers industry and business; in this it is an emblematic indicator of the poor quality of urban governance pervasive in much of the Global South. We focus on the governance of Karachi's electricity distribution system, and its spatial unevenness across this sprawling metropolis of 15 million residents which encompasses huge informal settlements alongside upscale housing and commercial plazas. Using a dataset with granular, neighborhood-level electricity data, we apply spatial and statistical modeling techniques to understand how transmission and distribution losses, i.e., the utility's ability to bill for the electricity it supplies, vary across the city. These electricity losses provide a useful lens on the unevenness of urban governance in the city, especially where other sources of detailed socio-economic data are scarce. Our models link losses to higher proportions of residential consumers rather than commercial or industrial. Moreover, based on an analysis of model residuals, we can start to specify the degree to which urban governance is driven by the underlying characteristics of the neighborhood and bring some precision to understanding the spatial distribution of urban governance. Our findings reinforce the importance for governance reforms to be locally situated and informed, while also opening up new possibilities for visualizing electricity governance at a very local level and thus promoting democratic transparency.

In 2017, the new city district Vallastaden hosted an urban planning and housing exhibition to show the innovative and sustainable results of "the Vallastaden model", a cross-sectoral governance concept and energy system designed at local level in Sweden.The concept cut across sectors such as energy, housing, transport and local businesses. One of the core features of the concept was quality criteria-based land sale. These quality criteria included alternative energy systems such as the design of passive and plus-energy housing, design diversity and renewable construction material, e.g. timber frames. This research analyses energy relevant European Union Directives as implemented at local level: the alternative urban governance concept "the Vallastaden model" and resulting diversity and alternative energy designs. Research questions are: how was alternative urban governance possible and how was the "Vallastaden" concept implemented? The research is a detailed case study, based on an analysis of public documents from the local council, interviews with stakeholders and field observations. The results show how for several years the concept was part of the political processes at local level, publicly debated and in focus during post-election periods, but survived and was eventually embraced by several political parties along the left-right scale. The implementation followed one of the core ideas of the concept: Diversity in architectural design and design of energy systems as well as housing tenure. In contrast to the visible diversity "above ground", the underground energy system has one single designer: the local publicly owned energy company, which implemented an innovative infrastructure culvert for all basic energy services. The conclusion is that, under the pressure of joint challenges such as housing shortages, local economic constraints and low-emission carbon goals, alternative urban governance concepts can emerge which provide long-term commitments and joint efforts across sectors and political party agendas.

Abstract: The built environment of a city – like landmarks, monuments, street signs – is often managed and manipulated by the state and ethnic or religious elites in various ways and contexts. This paper aims to understand the peculiarities of these processes in ethnically divided cities. This is important to understand as the change and politics of monumentality and landmarks in ethnically divided cities are important contributors to the national ethnic stability and in the same time important factors in ethnic conflicts. The particular case in focus is the city of Mostar in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Keywords: ethnically divided cities, landmarks, urban governance, Mostar, post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina.

The importance of non-governmental organisations (NGO) in farming development has been assessed and discussed for a long time in developing countries. The on-going debate in Europe on urban food provision and urban food governance is currently reshaping farming policies, in a more global framework of smart cities, sustainable and inclusive growth. New actors emerge in this debate, like local public authorities and NGO. The participation of the latter has been red as a way towards a more participative democracy, an opening of the public realm to civil society, the introduction of new imaginations for the definition of public goods and for the formulation of local policies. Nevertheless, some authors advocate for a less mechanical view of the effects of NGO participation in public policies, by taking into account the relationships of these actors with the other actors of the local governance. Following this approach, we intended to understand and categorize civil society involvement in the local policies supporting urban and peri-urban farming in Toulouse urban area, the 4th French city. This urban area is one of the case study of the Era-Net Ruragri Taste project. First, an inventory of local actions to support farming was made, on the basis of previous knowledge and its actualization by press review, web browsing and interviews. Then, these actions were classified according to a smart growth grid elaborated in the WP3 of the Taste project. On a selection of these local actions, qualitative interviews were made to gain understanding in NGO participation, their own construction of the public goods they help shaping, and their relationships with public actors and public action. The results show an enhanced participation of NGO and, more largely, civil society representatives, in the local public realm, advocating for new ideas for the presence of farming in and around the city. It also demonstrates a variety of participation forms in public action, according to the economic dependency to public institutions and the technical profile and competency of the NGO. In conclusion, this communication presents a reflection on the local governance for farming maintenance in urban areas, introducing a complementary view to the more common focus on private-public partnerships.

International audience ; Implementation of governance principles entails intra-urban territorializations in sub- Saharan African cities, which increase the risks of fragmentation and raise the question of local scale regulation in both its political and spatial dimensions. ; La mise en oeuvre des principes de gouvernance provoque des territorialisations intraurbaines qui accroissent les risques de fragmentation dans les villes africaines et posent la question de la régulation à l'échelle locale dans ses deux dimensions, politique et spatiale.

International audience ; Implementation of governance principles entails intra-urban territorializations in sub- Saharan African cities, which increase the risks of fragmentation and raise the question of local scale regulation in both its political and spatial dimensions. ; La mise en oeuvre des principes de gouvernance provoque des territorialisations intraurbaines qui accroissent les risques de fragmentation dans les villes africaines et posent la question de la régulation à l'échelle locale dans ses deux dimensions, politique et spatiale.

International audience ; Implementation of governance principles entails intra-urban territorializations in sub- Saharan African cities, which increase the risks of fragmentation and raise the question of local scale regulation in both its political and spatial dimensions. ; La mise en oeuvre des principes de gouvernance provoque des territorialisations intraurbaines qui accroissent les risques de fragmentation dans les villes africaines et posent la question de la régulation à l'échelle locale dans ses deux dimensions, politique et spatiale.

International audience ; Implementation of governance principles entails intra-urban territorializations in sub- Saharan African cities, which increase the risks of fragmentation and raise the question of local scale regulation in both its political and spatial dimensions. ; La mise en oeuvre des principes de gouvernance provoque des territorialisations intraurbaines qui accroissent les risques de fragmentation dans les villes africaines et posent la question de la régulation à l'échelle locale dans ses deux dimensions, politique et spatiale.

International audience ; Implementation of governance principles entails intra-urban territorializations in sub- Saharan African cities, which increase the risks of fragmentation and raise the question of local scale regulation in both its political and spatial dimensions. ; La mise en oeuvre des principes de gouvernance provoque des territorialisations intraurbaines qui accroissent les risques de fragmentation dans les villes africaines et posent la question de la régulation à l'échelle locale dans ses deux dimensions, politique et spatiale.

This paper analyses the determinants of spatial wage disparities in the US context for the period 1980-2000. Agglomeration benefits are estimated based on city productivity premia which are computed after controlling for the skills distribution among metropolitan areas as well as industry fixed effects. The drivers of productivity differentials that are taken into consideration are the size of the local economy, the spatial interactions among local autonomous economic systems and the structure of urban governance as well as the policy responses to the fragmentation issue. A metropolitan area with ten percentage more administrative units than another of the same size, experiences wages that are between 2.0% and 3.0% lower. The presence of a voluntary governance body is found to mitigate the problem of fragmentation only marginally, while the existence of special purpose districts have a negative impact on regional productivity. The implementation of a metropolitan government with a regional tax system is expected to increase productivity by around 6%.

National audience ; The importance of non-governmental organisations (NGO) in farming development has been assessed and discussed for a long time in developing countries. The on-going debate in Europe on urban food provision and urban food governance is currently reshaping farming policies, in a more global framework of smart cities, sustainable and inclusive growth. New actors emerge in this debate, like local public authorities and NGO. The participation of the latter has been red as a way towards a more participative democracy, an opening of the public realm to civil society, the introduction of new imaginations for the definition of public goods and for the formulation of local policies. Nevertheless, some authors advocate for a less mechanical view of the effects of NGO participation in public policies, by taking into account the relationships of these actors with the other actors of the local governance. Following this approach, we intended to understand and categorize civil society involvement in the local policies supporting urban and peri-urban farming in Toulouse urban area, the 4th French city. This urban area is one of the case study of the Era-Net Ruragri Taste project. First, an inventory of local actions to support farming was made, on the basis of previous knowledge and its actualization by press review, web browsing and interviews. Then, these actions were classified according to a smart growth grid elaborated in the WP3 of the Taste project. On a selection of these local actions, qualitative interviews were made to gain understanding in NGO participation, their own construction of the public goods they help shaping, and their relationships with public actors and public action. The results show an enhanced participation of NGO and, more largely, civil society representatives, in the local public realm, advocating for new ideas for the presence of farming in and around the city. It also demonstrates a variety of participation forms in public action, according to the economic dependency to public ...