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Purpose: Leadership encapsulates a process of influencing others to understand what needs to be done and how it can be done. The related area of mindset behaviour which moderates leadership styles adopted in various industries has hitherto received scant academic attention in a construction context. This paper thus explores the linkages between project manager's mindset behaviour and project leadership style in the construction industry. Design/Methodology/Approach: Literature reviewed provides the basis for a questionnaire data collection instrument developed to gather primary data from construction professionals in the Ghanaian Construction Industry (GCI). A quantitative research strategy is then adopted using the Relative Importance Index (RII) to determine the level of significance of the leadership and mindset archetypes. A Pearson's correlation test was run to ascertain whether the mindset behaviour of project managers has a significant impact upon the type of leadership style. Findings: The study's results indicate that democratic, transformational and situational leadership styles were prevalent leadership styles in the GCI. The analysis also revealed that project managers favoured the 'growth mindset' and that furthermore, this style had a moderate positive relationship with democratic and transformational leadership styles. Conversely, a fixed mindset had a low positive relationship with autocratic and situational leadership styles but a low negative relationship with transformational leadership style. Practical and theoretical implications: This research provides sufficient data for project managers to identify the type of mindset to nurture (the growth mindset is recommended) and the effective leadership style to be employed. This study engenders wider discussion on mindset behaviour and project leadership style in developing countries. Moreover, the findings present policy makers and practitioners with the leadership styles to promote and develop (democratic, transformational and situational) and mindset behaviour (growth mindset) to ensure project success in Ghana and other developing countries. Originality/value: This research represents the first comprehensive study appraising the linkages between project manager's mindset behaviour and project leadership style in the construction industry. Empirical data presented bridges the identified knowledge gap that exists on the lack of theoretical understanding of the influence that project managers' mindset has on leadership styles in the GCI.

More recent development discourse favour a mix of top-down and bottom-up approaches in development. In the discussion that has ensued, much focus has been on the rural and urban contexts of development; thus, leaving the peri-urban situation hardly attended to. The fast growing phenomenon of peri-urban development in developing countries and its associated challenges requires that development discourses recognise and take it into account. Current discussions on the supply of potable water in developing countries have largely focused on the rural and urban contexts and reveal a peri-urban gap. This research seeks to contribute to the intellectual discourse by providing insights on the discourse on peri-urban development. This research into the harnessing of local potentials for peri-urban water supply draws mainly on the concepts of endogenous development and uses the theory of institutional economics as a supporting theory. It is largely a qualitative research which uses the case study methodology involving two cases in its empirical component, although it incorporates some quantitative methods. The empirical research involved the use of a mix of data gathering methods: interviews, observation and questionnaires. The main findings of the study are firstly that the quality of the local human resource base from which the leadership of the entire development process is drawn is intrinsic and vital to the determination of the success of the development process with positive and negative potentials. Again, the existence of appropriate local institutions and the creation of an enabling local development environment as well as the presence of institutional interests that generally support the local development process are important. Nonetheless, there exists a seemingly complex and subtle power-play that supports or stifles the success of the water systems depending on who are involved in the system at a particular time. Other key revelations of the research relate to the potentials and the inherent weaknesses of the pluralist leadership system in supporting local development processes; and how in-country pilot projects which form the basis for the formulation of cross country institutional frameworks are not certain to yield successfully functioning frames because they still can be distant to local contexts and appreciation. The study suggests that there exist good prospects for the pursuit of endogenous development in the peri-urban context and concludes by providing suggestions relating to policy, practice and the conceptual underpinnings of the research. It recommends that pluralist leadership systems be made less susceptible to variations in actors? stance; through the formalization of verbal agreements especially in societies that are heavily dependent on oral communication. Notwithstanding the benefits of pilot projects, this study recommends that the local level is rather assisted to develop its own institutions through processes that may be guided by the outcomes of pilots. It suggests this as a means to achieving a favourable institutional environment in which local institutions can thrive. At conceptual level, the study also recommends that elements of individual decision-making be given more prominence in the endogenous development model.

On 27 April 2014 we celebrated twenty years of democracy in South Africa. Celebrating this important day in our history also afforded us the opportunity to reflect on what has transpired in our country during the past two decades. From theories in theology and social sciences we learned that what is happening in the broader context in society directly influences the way we congregate in faith communities. And the way we congregate and structure faith communities once again influence the way leadership is exercised. In this contribution different theoretical constructs are used as interpretive frameworks to view the trans-formations that occurred in a Circuit of sub-urban congregations of the Dutch Reformed Church during the past twenty years, specifically concentrating on the leadership processes. The results of the data are also interpreted through the lenses of Mary Douglas's 'enclavement theory' and do not only open up a window on the past but also provide some clues for looking at the factors involved in the processes of transformation that is so prevalent in these congregations. The article will conclude with some theological reflection on leadership practices related to these processes of transformation.

Two years before my coauthor and I began this narrative inquiry, as the school superintendent of a rural community, I failed to fire a malicious football coach and resigned shortly thereafter. I floundered for a few months and then decided to pursue a doctorate in educational administration. Soon I met a professor, now my coauthor, who offered me the opportunity to explain what had happened in terms of socially constructed gender roles. We investigated 40 post-World War II urban, suburban, and rural female superintendents whom my coauthor and other scholars had interviewed. After theming their stories into five prototypes we wove these collective representations into my personal narrative and found that operationalizing any political agenda necessitated being aware of how a school community views acceptable womanhood, because it determined how the female superintendent was received. Had I adopted my stakeholders' notion of female demeanor, more school patrons may have heard me. Yet, for me and other superintendents the feasibility and ethics of what might be seen as outright manipulation will forever loom on the horizon of politics, gender and the superintendency

Two years before my coauthor and I began this narrative inquiry, as the school superintendent of a rural community, I failed to fire a malicious football coach and resigned shortly thereafter. I floundered for a few months and then decided to pursue a doctorate in educational administration. Soon I met a professor, now my coauthor, who offered me the opportunity to explain what had happened in terms of socially constructed gender roles. We investigated 40 post-World War II urban, suburban, and rural female superintendents whom my coauthor and other scholars had interviewed. After theming their stories into five prototypes we wove these collective representations into my personal narrative and found that operationalizing any political agenda necessitated being aware of how a school community views acceptable womanhood, because it determined how the female superintendent was received. Had I adopted my stakeholders' notion of female demeanor, more school patrons may have heard me. Yet, for me and other superintendents the feasibility and ethics of what might be seen as outright manipulation will forever loom on the horizon of politics, gender and the superintendency

· Education funders have historically used a "demonstration project" approach to funding, designed to lever change by demonstrating a new program and providing technical assistance to foster broader adoption. · Despite demonstrating success with many of its grants, the Skillman Foundation's education reform initiatives were derailed and undone by the instability of the district leadership, political landscape shifts, and disintegrating neighborhoods. · A complete turnaround model must address the many issues facing a failing school, including culture, curriculum, school leadership, professional development, and classroom instruction. The stability of the central administration must also be considered. · The new look at urban reform at scale asserts that a specific set of conditions must exist across a city's education landscape to enable innovation and foster sustainability. · The philanthropic community can no longer wait for the right set of conditions to emerge for programmatic success. Funders must take an active role in creating the right conditions, often challenging conventional wisdom and long-held assumptions about the role of philanthropy.

The devastation of COVID-19 substantively impacted enrollment opportunities for colleges and universities in the United States. Many higher education institutions responded to the crises by moving students off campus, enacting furloughs, increasing tuition, and appealing to their state and federal legislators for financial resources. At the University of Cincinnati (UC), critical considerations for campus leadership were how to best stabilize enrollment and resources and what needed to take place to ensure that underrepresented students were not lost in the process. Disparities exist in how the pandemic affects people of color and people from low-socioeconomic backgrounds. That, undoubtedly, was true for many of UC's students and their families from historically underserved backgrounds. UC launched a strategic initiative called Landing the Class to address enrollment concerns. The effort, which this article features, discusses how UC used innovative strategy and planning to address its enrollment challenges during the pandemic. Using a variety of institutional and national data, we provide an analysis of the extent to which the Landing the Class initiative was influential in helping the university reach its enrollment goals and implications for higher education leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The shift of techno-economic paradigm and European unification have radically changed the development environment of European regions. The regions are part of the worldwide network competing of essential flows to enable economic wellbeing. In the information era the regions in Finland have converted into subjects of regional development whereas in the industrial era they were largely objects of the nation-led regional policies. Regional development is nowadays a combination of manifold regional programs and strategies. Old-fashioned hierarchical methods do not seem to function in the new environment. New network-like of principals are needed in the regional development. The regions are developed in an environment, where regional actors and coalitions have their own visions and ways of acting. Regional development is a game, in which actors with different visions and strategies play together. Even though a regional development network is a relatively loose combination and cannot be compared with 'normal' organisations, the actors of the network should at least, on some level, things like -understanding of the reigning techno-economic and socio-institutional paradigms -shared vision of substance areas to be developed -shared opinion of development methods and evaluation of the development. The adaptation for information society in Lahti Urban Region has been quite painful and the region can be considered as a declined industrial region. A question often raised in the region is: Are the attitudes, visions, aims etc. of the regional actors coherent enough in order to enable the use of strong development activities in the region? The present research strives to assess the level of shared vision and commonly accepted ways of acting in Lahti Urban Region. The main reasons for declination in Lahti Urban Region are proposed to be the minute share of highly educated people and the low level in R&D spending, both facts that have caused a great deal of worry in the region. Therefore a special focus in the study was given to one development project generally thought as important for the successful development in Lahti Urban Region: 'Development of the high level education services and science park concept'. Special attention is given to how the actors of the region saw a regional network project, which has no separately specified host organisation. The empirical study was conducted by sending a questionnaire to 360 politicians, authorities, employees of regional development organisations, employees of regional education and research organisations and entrepreneurs in Lahti Urban Region. 155 questionnaires were returned making the response rate 43%. The main results of the study were following: -the respondents had noticed the new demands of the information society -the respondents thought the ways of acting in the region were not at all compatible with the new paradigm -other respondents except politicians formed a quite homogenous group in many ways -the opinion of funding the regional development was not at all unanimous -although development of higher education and R&D activities was seen important, only minority of the respondents knew about the studied project and were committed to the project.

The task of guiding the development of scholar-practitioners as leaders for social justice is inherently challenging. The dissertation journey, unlike any other journey practitioner-based doctoral students face in urban school settings, provides a steep learning curve as they transition from practitioner to scholar-practitioner. This journey challenges doctoral students, particularly those who represent the marginalized students they serve, as they begin to understand their personal history, how they view themselves, how they view others, and the ethical and political issues (Creswell, 2013) they face as their thinking shifts from that of a mere practitioner to that of a scholar-practitioner. This collection of case studies on dissertation research emerged from the collective work of faculty, students, and program graduates of the Educational Leadership for Social Justice Doctoral Program at California State University at East Bay. As we examine the development of scholar-practitioners' research, we consider the role of faculty in supporting not merely the research, but more importantly the work to pursue more equitable outcomes in schools and society. The selected cases represent the complex task of preparing scholar-practitioners to lead for social justice.

Rapid urbanization in developing countries demands better integration of planning and delivery of basic services if cities are to be sustainable, healthy and safe. Sanitation improvements are commonly overlooked as investments go towards more visible services such as water supplies and drainage networks. The Sustainable Development Goal for sanitation and hygiene currently remains severely off-track. This paper presents the findings of a Delphi method survey to identify expert consensus on both why and how to integrate sanitation, by which we mean both sewered and non-sewered sanitation services, into other basic urban services (including water supply, drainage, energy and roads) to achieve better sanitation and broader development outcomes, notably for poor citizens. Consensus on why integration is important highlights the physical interdependence of services, where neglect of one service can compromise gains from another investment or service. Consensus on how includes actions to address political priorities and leadership ; governance and capacity constraints ; clearer planning, procurement and financing mechanisms ; and adopting incremental approaches matched to wider urban strategies. It was suggested that achieving these actions would improve accountability, monitoring and service level audits. Experience from previous integrated urban programmes should be incorporated into formulating new sanitation service agreements across all service types. Supported by better-informed dialogue and decision-making between those responsible for urban sanitation and for associated basic services, we suggest integrated and incremental approaches will enable more sustainable urban services planning to achieve &lsquo ; quality of life&rsquo ; outcomes for poor urban residents.

Speaker: Professor Frank Peck (Research director of CRED University of Cumbria). Interest in the role of leadership in urban and regional development has grown considerably in the past decade. Place leadership (or as some prefer, place-shaping) has, indeed, come to be regarded as a missing variable that has been ignored by geographers and regional economists to the detriment of our understanding of the factors that influence local development. This seminar provides an overview of current debates on leadership in local and regional development. It is argued that place leadership in rural areas presents particular challenges that arise from the re-scaling of regional governance that has characterised many developed economies in the past decade. As a consequence, the process of place leadership in rural areas has acquired a distinctive character. In particular, recent research from North America, Australia and Scandinavia suggests that those involved in rural leadership are commonly faced with asymmetries of power and as a consequence, they are often required to contest metropolitan interpretations of "the rural" and to subvert government policies that are based on choices made elsewhere. These ideas will be used to stimulate debate about the current challenge for local partnerships as they consider the implications of BREXIT for rural regions in the north of England.

From the early 1990s, In Italy discourses and practices referring to urban security and preven-tion have increased. The purpose of this article is to highlight the specific characteristics of the Italian ap-proach to urban security. Firstly, the strong leadership of local governments in defining the urban security policy, in a conflictual dynamic of national vs local. Secondly, the link between the issue of security and immigration, both at national and local levels. The reconstruction of the history of urban security policies in Italy is aimed at answering the following question: can we interpret the Italian case, despite its national specificity, as coherent with the shift in the culture of control argued by David Garland in relation to the UK and the US contexts? We argue that, also in the Italian context, we witnessed, on one hand, the use of local adaptive policies, in line with neoliberal principles. On the other hand, the rise of punitive populism in the rhetoric and practices, not only at the central State level, but also at local level where adaptive policies were developed together with administrative punitive measures. The conclusions propose a critical ac-count of Italian urban security policies

Shipping list no.: 91-134-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The styles of leadership exemplified in higher educational organizations has an important role to play in organizational success or failure. The development of leadership style and organizational skills of students can be achieved through student organizations. The study aimed at understanding gender differences in leadership style preferences and the influence of residential background on leadership style preference. It was conducted among 20 students (7 males and 13 females) from Executive and Legislative Organization Students of State University of Jakarta. The primary data was collected through online questionnaire. The questions were adapted from Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice by Northouse, P. G. It was analyzed using descriptive and cross-sectional method. The results will be presented in tables and chart. It revealed that there was significant gender difference on leadership style. It was seen that more preference for democratic leadership. Based on gender, and males also indicated preference for democratic leadership than authoritarian or laissez-faire leadership style. The students from rural and urban areas didn't show any differences in their leadership preferences. The complete results have been explained along with the existing theories and literature.

Presentación ; González Cruz, Fortunato ; Artículos ; Federalismo y Democracia: dos principios fundamentales desconocidos por la "reforma" constitucional rechazada en diciembre ; del 2007. ; Federalism and Democracy: two fundamental principles out of the proposal of Contitucional reform rejected on december 2007 ; Herrera Orellana, Luis Alfonso ; Mérida: Reserva de biosfera urbana. ; Merida: biosphera urban reserve. ; Briceño Ávila, Morella; Gil Scheuren, Beatríz María y Gómez, Luz ; Movimiento indígena y liderazgo político local en la Sierra ecuatoriana: ¿Actores políticos o proceso social? ; Indigenous movements, and local political leadership in the Ecuadorian "Sierra". Political actors or social process? ; Lalander, Rickard y Gustafsson, Maria-Therese ; La imagen de marca de las ciudades. ; The brand image of the citiy ; Tinto, José Antonio ; Arquitectura del Estado y el Gobierno en Venezuela ; State architecture and the goverment in Venezuela ; González Cruz, Fortunato ; Aplicación del modelo de cinturón verde en la ciudad de Caracas, Venezuela ; Application of the green belt model in the city of Caracas, Venezuela ; Llanos, Douglas y Almandoz,Arturo ; 33-55 ; epb@intercable.net.ve ; beatrz@ula.ve ; luzgomez@ula.ve ; semestral ; Nivel analítico