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Burglary and robbery rates in St. Louis, Missouri, are investigated as functions of census unemployment levels taken in 1970 and 1980 for twelve yearly cross sections of crime rates, with all rates aggregated to the level of census tracts for analyses. The relationship of burglary and robbery rates to unemployment is found to be positive, and the interactive (logged) model is found to be the one most consistent with theory as well as the best predictive model. The magnitude of unemployment effects is large, and the policy implication is that urban areas fighting crime would benefit substantially from successfully targeted employment programs.

Urban policy is unlikely to be a major concern of the Bush administration in the near future. Some of the reasons for this outlook are offered in this article, including the nature of Bush's electoral support and the benefits those constituencies receive from the allegedly natural workings of the "invisible hand" and the "invisible foot." Some countervailing tendencies are noted. A broader view of urban concerns is called for, a view that would lead toward a domestic policy with an urban consciousness.

Findings from a comparative research project -- in which 12 project coordinators & researchers from 50 countries, 1992-1994, systematically reviewed urban research literature from the 1960s to the present -- are surveyed to determine the dynamics of urban research in Africa, Asia, & Latin America. Research production & limitations are discussed in terms of production levels, major disciplines, dispersion of research activity, new modalities, eg, nongovernmental organizations & international agencies that are increasingly involved in urban research. It is concluded that urban researchers are becoming more central to local policy making as the policy community broadens, & their work responds effectively to local needs. 1 Photograph. Adapted from the source document.

The intention of this paper is to review the ways in which the role of urban elites has been examined and interpreted, and to show how the traditional concepts of social control and hegemony have required modification. The paper identifies two phases of study. The first phase was descriptive, concerned primarily with the identification and categorization of elites. The second phase, which began in the 1980s, was interactional and explored the influence of elites in inter-class relationships. The interactional role of elites is discussed in detail in relation to the exemplar of mid-nineteenth-century Manchester. The paper continues by considering the changes which elites began to undergo in the transitional conditions of the late nineteenth century. The significance of recent work is assessed and the paper concludes with some comments regarding the future direction of study on urban elites.

A new concept of urban ecology is proposed wherein the city is a specific configuration of different societal relationships with nature that must be physically regulated & culturally symbolized such that the process of urban development becomes sustainable. The traditional dichotomy between the urban & rural must be abandoned, as must the typical ecological model that has conceived of the city as a system devoid of society. It is concluded that new models of regional development & resource use that are compatible with regional sustainability must be developed. M. Wagner

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PAPER IS TO EXAMINE WHETHER A PROPERLY CHOSEN RECRUITMENT POLICY IN THE URBAN SECTOR CAN APPEAR AT LEAST AS A PARTIAL SOLUTION TO THE URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM RESULTING FROM RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION. THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT HAS ALREADY MADE IT CLEAR THAT IN THE PRESENCE OF A RURAL-URBAN WAGE GAP, THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME CAN NOT AVOID THE PROBLEM OF RISING URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT RESULTING FROM RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION; AND THEREFORE POINTS TO A RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME AS A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM. THE STRATEGY SUGGESTED HERE OF INSTITUTING A SYSTEMATIC RECRUITMENT POLICY ON THE PART OF URBAN EMPLOYERS PROVIDES A CHEAPER ALTERNATIVE APPROACH, WHEN PLANNERS HAVE INSUFFICIENT RESOURCES AT THEIR DISPOSAL IN ORDER TO UNDERTAKE SUCH A PROGRAMME OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT.