Suchergebnisse

The institute of legal relations considering restoration of ownership rights is a specific constituent part of Lithuanian legal system, formation of which in Lithuanian law was determined by historical circumstances: the aggression that was inflicted on the independent Lithuanian Republic by occupant authorities in 1940, whereas the outcome of these actions was nationalization of all privately owned real estate. In 1990 when the independence of Lithuania was restored and the fact that property ownership rights of citizens, which were gained before occupation, are indefeasible and continuous was officially acknowledged, appropriate standard legal regulations were passed which would regulate these legal relations. Upon the order and conditions of these new regulations the restoration of ownership rights commenced. In Lithuania this process already continues since 1991 and, unfortunately, by the end of 2007 it is not yet fully completed. In this master's thesis the institute of restoration of ownership rights is analyzed through one of its constituent parts, i.e. by analyzing restoration of land ownership rights in the cities. This specific field has been chosen as an object of analysis because current situation in Lithuania allows coming to a valid conclusion that in the cities restoration of ownership rights is pursued at the slowest rates (e.g., in the city of Vilnius ownership rights were restored to only 11.37% of overall land, which is claimed in citizens' applications). When investigating this specific legal relations group of restitution, firstly the order of realization of the right to restore ownership rights to the land in the cities was thoroughly analyzed. In this particular part of the thesis the following issues were described and analyzed: which citizens are granted the right by the law to restore ownership rights; under what terms, what order and what documents the citizens are required to submit seeking to materialize this right; which government institutions and under what terms must they consider applications and make decisions about restoration of ownership rights to city land; what are the measures to restore ownership rights to previously owned land in the city; what kind of city land is classified as redeemable by the state and what are the ways for the state to compensate for this land. Having analyzed the order of implementation of the right to restore ownership rights to previously owned land in the city and its legal regulations, it was further gone into the causes which raise difficulties for this process to be carried out properly and timely, so that citizens can realize their right granted to them by the law to retrieve the land which is in the city territory or receive a proper compensation for it. The order and peculiarities of compensation for the land with securities, as one of the ways to pursue restoration of ownership to city land, is provided in the last part of the thesis.

The institute of legal relations considering restoration of ownership rights is a specific constituent part of Lithuanian legal system, formation of which in Lithuanian law was determined by historical circumstances: the aggression that was inflicted on the independent Lithuanian Republic by occupant authorities in 1940, whereas the outcome of these actions was nationalization of all privately owned real estate. In 1990 when the independence of Lithuania was restored and the fact that property ownership rights of citizens, which were gained before occupation, are indefeasible and continuous was officially acknowledged, appropriate standard legal regulations were passed which would regulate these legal relations. Upon the order and conditions of these new regulations the restoration of ownership rights commenced. In Lithuania this process already continues since 1991 and, unfortunately, by the end of 2007 it is not yet fully completed. In this master's thesis the institute of restoration of ownership rights is analyzed through one of its constituent parts, i.e. by analyzing restoration of land ownership rights in the cities. This specific field has been chosen as an object of analysis because current situation in Lithuania allows coming to a valid conclusion that in the cities restoration of ownership rights is pursued at the slowest rates (e.g., in the city of Vilnius ownership rights were restored to only 11.37% of overall land, which is claimed in citizens' applications). When investigating this specific legal relations group of restitution, firstly the order of realization of the right to restore ownership rights to the land in the cities was thoroughly analyzed. In this particular part of the thesis the following issues were described and analyzed: which citizens are granted the right by the law to restore ownership rights; under what terms, what order and what documents the citizens are required to submit seeking to materialize this right; which government institutions and under what terms must they consider applications and make decisions about restoration of ownership rights to city land; what are the measures to restore ownership rights to previously owned land in the city; what kind of city land is classified as redeemable by the state and what are the ways for the state to compensate for this land. Having analyzed the order of implementation of the right to restore ownership rights to previously owned land in the city and its legal regulations, it was further gone into the causes which raise difficulties for this process to be carried out properly and timely, so that citizens can realize their right granted to them by the law to retrieve the land which is in the city territory or receive a proper compensation for it. The order and peculiarities of compensation for the land with securities, as one of the ways to pursue restoration of ownership to city land, is provided in the last part of the thesis.

The institute of legal relations considering restoration of ownership rights is a specific constituent part of Lithuanian legal system, formation of which in Lithuanian law was determined by historical circumstances: the aggression that was inflicted on the independent Lithuanian Republic by occupant authorities in 1940, whereas the outcome of these actions was nationalization of all privately owned real estate. In 1990 when the independence of Lithuania was restored and the fact that property ownership rights of citizens, which were gained before occupation, are indefeasible and continuous was officially acknowledged, appropriate standard legal regulations were passed which would regulate these legal relations. Upon the order and conditions of these new regulations the restoration of ownership rights commenced. In Lithuania this process already continues since 1991 and, unfortunately, by the end of 2007 it is not yet fully completed. In this master's thesis the institute of restoration of ownership rights is analyzed through one of its constituent parts, i.e. by analyzing restoration of land ownership rights in the cities. This specific field has been chosen as an object of analysis because current situation in Lithuania allows coming to a valid conclusion that in the cities restoration of ownership rights is pursued at the slowest rates (e.g., in the city of Vilnius ownership rights were restored to only 11.37% of overall land, which is claimed in citizens' applications). When investigating this specific legal relations group of restitution, firstly the order of realization of the right to restore ownership rights to the land in the cities was thoroughly analyzed. In this particular part of the thesis the following issues were described and analyzed: which citizens are granted the right by the law to restore ownership rights; under what terms, what order and what documents the citizens are required to submit seeking to materialize this right; which government institutions and under what terms must they consider applications and make decisions about restoration of ownership rights to city land; what are the measures to restore ownership rights to previously owned land in the city; what kind of city land is classified as redeemable by the state and what are the ways for the state to compensate for this land. Having analyzed the order of implementation of the right to restore ownership rights to previously owned land in the city and its legal regulations, it was further gone into the causes which raise difficulties for this process to be carried out properly and timely, so that citizens can realize their right granted to them by the law to retrieve the land which is in the city territory or receive a proper compensation for it. The order and peculiarities of compensation for the land with securities, as one of the ways to pursue restoration of ownership to city land, is provided in the last part of the thesis.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.

The dissertation deals with main problems of the justification of urban transport systems infrastructure development solving methodological issues of preparation, selection and implementation of projects. These issues are relevant for the implementation of sustainable urban development strategy of Lithuania as a member state of the European Union. The main aim of the Research is to develop a theoretical model for the justification of urban transport systems infrastructure development by adapting the model for the identification of priorities and practical execution of construction or reconstruction projects. The following tasks have been set for implementation of the objective of the Research: to analyse the objects of the current urban transport infrastructure and their role in sustainable urban development, to define the trends for their development; to analyse the principles for justification of transport infrastructure development projects; to carry out the analysis of the assessment methods applied during the processes of justification; to develop a theoretical project justification model by defining social – economic and other characteristic assessment criteria and aspects; to test theoretical performance of the developed model through the assessment of the selected and implemented urban transport infrastructure development projects in Lithuania. The dissertation consists of Introduction, 4 chapters, Conclusions, References and 6 Annexes. The Introduction reveals the investigated problem and topicality of the problem, object of the Research is introduced, aim and tasks of the Research are formulated. Methodology of the Research, scientific novelty, practical value and defended statements are introduced. The First chapter deals with the analysis of scientific literature: the identification of concept of transport systems infrastructure of urbanized and non-urbanized territories; their modern development tendencies. The Second chapter presents the methodology of the Research: accomplished analysis of justification process of urban transport infra-structure development. The Third chapter deals with the theoretical investigation: the definition of justification process, assumptions and prepa-ration of the model. The Fourth chapter deals with principles and practical guidelines for the justification of Lithuanian urban transport systems infrastructure development and with test results of theoretical performance of the model. 15 papers focusing on the subject of the discussed disertation are published: 3 papers in the register of international data bases (1 of them – in Thomson ISI Web of Science, 2 of them – VINITI; Scopus; Elsevier), 11 papers in material reviewed during international conferences (1 of them – in Thomson ISI Proceedings), 1 paper – during national conference. 10 presentations on the subject have been given in national and international conferences.

The dissertation deals with main problems of the justification of urban transport systems infrastructure development solving methodological issues of preparation, selection and implementation of projects. These issues are relevant for the implementation of sustainable urban development strategy of Lithuania as a member state of the European Union. The main aim of the Research is to develop a theoretical model for the justification of urban transport systems infrastructure development by adapting the model for the identification of priorities and practical execution of construction or reconstruction projects. The following tasks have been set for implementation of the objective of the Research: to analyse the objects of the current urban transport infrastructure and their role in sustainable urban development, to define the trends for their development; to analyse the principles for justification of transport infrastructure development projects; to carry out the analysis of the assessment methods applied during the processes of justification; to develop a theoretical project justification model by defining social – economic and other characteristic assessment criteria and aspects; to test theoretical performance of the developed model through the assessment of the selected and implemented urban transport infrastructure development projects in Lithuania. The dissertation consists of Introduction, 4 chapters, Conclusions, References and 6 Annexes. The Introduction reveals the investigated problem and topicality of the problem, object of the Research is introduced, aim and tasks of the Research are formulated. Methodology of the Research, scientific novelty, practical value and defended statements are introduced. The First chapter deals with the analysis of scientific literature: the identification of concept of transport systems infrastructure of urbanized and non-urbanized territories; their modern development tendencies. The Second chapter presents the methodology of the Research: accomplished analysis of justification process of urban transport infra-structure development. The Third chapter deals with the theoretical investigation: the definition of justification process, assumptions and prepa-ration of the model. The Fourth chapter deals with principles and practical guidelines for the justification of Lithuanian urban transport systems infrastructure development and with test results of theoretical performance of the model. 15 papers focusing on the subject of the discussed disertation are published: 3 papers in the register of international data bases (1 of them – in Thomson ISI Web of Science, 2 of them – VINITI; Scopus; Elsevier), 11 papers in material reviewed during international conferences (1 of them – in Thomson ISI Proceedings), 1 paper – during national conference. 10 presentations on the subject have been given in national and international conferences.

Rewriting Space with Urban Protests: Case of Vincas Kudirka Square The aim of the master thesis is to conduct the analysis and evaluation of a certain urban space in Vilnius – Vincas Kudirka square, as well as the protests that take place there. The protests are analyzed as performances, while urban space as a scenography (material and technological stagecraft) for those performances. Stages of research: 1. Conduct an analysis of theoretical review of literature. Following theoretical guidelines of Michel de Carteau and Henri Lefebvre the description of the geographical place is being discussed, moreover, the transformation into the space, its parameters and creatures. In terms to achieve more comprehensive concept of the space, attention is also paid to descriptions of the site-specific art and scenography. First part of this master thesis also discusses the concept of urban protests as the practice of space – ways of creating, while exploring the concept of performance (Richard's Schechner's theory). This part also analyzes the relationship between urban protests and the space itself (ideas of Erika Fisher-Lichte). Some orientation questions are presented. 2. Conduct an analysis of some particular examples of urban protests at Vincas Kudirka Square. Some brief settings of Vincas Kudirka Square are mentioned in order to observe how urban scenarios around this space change and how protests affect it. The literature of urban anthropology is analyzed in order to explore the concept of space and the factors that create it. Moreover, since the protests are viewed as performances, and space as a possible scenography for it, performance theory and site-specific art literature are analyzed. Having completed both the theoretical literature analysis and the research of the case, it has been concluded that urban spaces should not be represented as the city's gated property or as walled garden. These spaces should be spaces that provide citizens with opportunities to engage in political and social debates. Municipalities of the cities should plan the streets for artists and protesters to create stages for their events and to communicate their political and any kind of ideas. The protest is an appeal; therefore, it needs the widest possible audience.

Rewriting Space with Urban Protests: Case of Vincas Kudirka Square The aim of the master thesis is to conduct the analysis and evaluation of a certain urban space in Vilnius – Vincas Kudirka square, as well as the protests that take place there. The protests are analyzed as performances, while urban space as a scenography (material and technological stagecraft) for those performances. Stages of research: 1. Conduct an analysis of theoretical review of literature. Following theoretical guidelines of Michel de Carteau and Henri Lefebvre the description of the geographical place is being discussed, moreover, the transformation into the space, its parameters and creatures. In terms to achieve more comprehensive concept of the space, attention is also paid to descriptions of the site-specific art and scenography. First part of this master thesis also discusses the concept of urban protests as the practice of space – ways of creating, while exploring the concept of performance (Richard's Schechner's theory). This part also analyzes the relationship between urban protests and the space itself (ideas of Erika Fisher-Lichte). Some orientation questions are presented. 2. Conduct an analysis of some particular examples of urban protests at Vincas Kudirka Square. Some brief settings of Vincas Kudirka Square are mentioned in order to observe how urban scenarios around this space change and how protests affect it. The literature of urban anthropology is analyzed in order to explore the concept of space and the factors that create it. Moreover, since the protests are viewed as performances, and space as a possible scenography for it, performance theory and site-specific art literature are analyzed. Having completed both the theoretical literature analysis and the research of the case, it has been concluded that urban spaces should not be represented as the city's gated property or as walled garden. These spaces should be spaces that provide citizens with opportunities to engage in political and social debates. Municipalities of the cities should plan the streets for artists and protesters to create stages for their events and to communicate their political and any kind of ideas. The protest is an appeal; therefore, it needs the widest possible audience.

Rewriting Space with Urban Protests: Case of Vincas Kudirka Square The aim of the master thesis is to conduct the analysis and evaluation of a certain urban space in Vilnius – Vincas Kudirka square, as well as the protests that take place there. The protests are analyzed as performances, while urban space as a scenography (material and technological stagecraft) for those performances. Stages of research: 1. Conduct an analysis of theoretical review of literature. Following theoretical guidelines of Michel de Carteau and Henri Lefebvre the description of the geographical place is being discussed, moreover, the transformation into the space, its parameters and creatures. In terms to achieve more comprehensive concept of the space, attention is also paid to descriptions of the site-specific art and scenography. First part of this master thesis also discusses the concept of urban protests as the practice of space – ways of creating, while exploring the concept of performance (Richard's Schechner's theory). This part also analyzes the relationship between urban protests and the space itself (ideas of Erika Fisher-Lichte). Some orientation questions are presented. 2. Conduct an analysis of some particular examples of urban protests at Vincas Kudirka Square. Some brief settings of Vincas Kudirka Square are mentioned in order to observe how urban scenarios around this space change and how protests affect it. The literature of urban anthropology is analyzed in order to explore the concept of space and the factors that create it. Moreover, since the protests are viewed as performances, and space as a possible scenography for it, performance theory and site-specific art literature are analyzed. Having completed both the theoretical literature analysis and the research of the case, it has been concluded that urban spaces should not be represented as the city's gated property or as walled garden. These spaces should be spaces that provide citizens with opportunities to engage in political and social debates. Municipalities of the cities should plan the streets for artists and protesters to create stages for their events and to communicate their political and any kind of ideas. The protest is an appeal; therefore, it needs the widest possible audience.

Rewriting Space with Urban Protests: Case of Vincas Kudirka Square The aim of the master thesis is to conduct the analysis and evaluation of a certain urban space in Vilnius – Vincas Kudirka square, as well as the protests that take place there. The protests are analyzed as performances, while urban space as a scenography (material and technological stagecraft) for those performances. Stages of research: 1. Conduct an analysis of theoretical review of literature. Following theoretical guidelines of Michel de Carteau and Henri Lefebvre the description of the geographical place is being discussed, moreover, the transformation into the space, its parameters and creatures. In terms to achieve more comprehensive concept of the space, attention is also paid to descriptions of the site-specific art and scenography. First part of this master thesis also discusses the concept of urban protests as the practice of space – ways of creating, while exploring the concept of performance (Richard's Schechner's theory). This part also analyzes the relationship between urban protests and the space itself (ideas of Erika Fisher-Lichte). Some orientation questions are presented. 2. Conduct an analysis of some particular examples of urban protests at Vincas Kudirka Square. Some brief settings of Vincas Kudirka Square are mentioned in order to observe how urban scenarios around this space change and how protests affect it. The literature of urban anthropology is analyzed in order to explore the concept of space and the factors that create it. Moreover, since the protests are viewed as performances, and space as a possible scenography for it, performance theory and site-specific art literature are analyzed. Having completed both the theoretical literature analysis and the research of the case, it has been concluded that urban spaces should not be represented as the city's gated property or as walled garden. These spaces should be spaces that provide citizens with opportunities to engage in political and social debates. Municipalities of the cities should plan the streets for artists and protesters to create stages for their events and to communicate their political and any kind of ideas. The protest is an appeal; therefore, it needs the widest possible audience.

This project investigates infrastructural means for traffic safety. An analysis of European Union legislation documents for road safety in urban territory was carried out. Means to protect the most vulnerable road users on a shared vehicle and pedestrian flow were studied and the most optimal installation parameters for safety measures were determined in order to maintain safe 50 kph and 30 kph speed. Theoretical calculations of stopping distance for different means of transport were carried out. The chosen means of transport: passenger car, public transport bus and freight truck. A measurement of annual average daily traffic was carried out in Jonava city and most dangerous sections of urban traffic network were defined. Safety means for those sections were chosen and their expediency was assessed. Conclusions were formulated in accordance to those assessments.

This project investigates infrastructural means for traffic safety. An analysis of European Union legislation documents for road safety in urban territory was carried out. Means to protect the most vulnerable road users on a shared vehicle and pedestrian flow were studied and the most optimal installation parameters for safety measures were determined in order to maintain safe 50 kph and 30 kph speed. Theoretical calculations of stopping distance for different means of transport were carried out. The chosen means of transport: passenger car, public transport bus and freight truck. A measurement of annual average daily traffic was carried out in Jonava city and most dangerous sections of urban traffic network were defined. Safety means for those sections were chosen and their expediency was assessed. Conclusions were formulated in accordance to those assessments.