Suchergebnisse

Cities across the Arab Gulf region, especially those in Bahrain, have undergone a notable transformation by virtue of the rapid urbanization of the region. Thus, the characteristics of these cities have encountered massive transformation. Accordingly, both governmental and non-governmental projects are authorized for collaborative work to meet the accelerating demands resulting from the increase in population in the Kingdom of Bahrain. However, such projects have been neglected due to other crucial environmental issues. For instance, these projects have resulted in excessive carbon dioxide gaseous emissions. Consequently, these cities are left to suffer from disregarded public spaces and a limited percentage of designed urban open spaces. The case in Bahrain can be summarized as suffering from an absence of the three pillars of sustainability. This has been a fertile ground for the emergence of various urban devastations, among which the &ldquo ; Urban Heat Island&rdquo ; phenomenon adversely affects the urban context of the city. This research investigates these problems, offering propositions to control Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) in Bahrain. Moreover, it aims to recognize the effect of Green Roof Systems in terms of sustainability in order to mitigate UHIs and reduce the threat of Global Warming.

Front Cover -- Global Urban Heat Island Mitigation -- Global Urban Heat Island Mitigation -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- Key characteristics -- 1 - Mapping and management of urban shade assets: a novel approach for promoting climatic urban action -- 1. Urban planning and urban microclimate: a challenge of knowledge communication -- 2. Correlating the language of urban morphology with its climatic outcomes -- 3. Urban heat island mitigation measures: the limits of intervention -- 3.1 Building envelopes -- 3.2 Pavements and roads -- 3.3 Urban landscaping elements -- 3.4 Street geometry -- 4. Shade's pivotal effect on outdoor thermal comfort and its urban-scale mapping -- 5. Quantifying shade levels and tree planting: suggested indicators -- 5.1 Shade index -- 5.2 Tree canopy cover -- 5.3 Tree shade efficacy index -- 5.4 Street tree density -- 6. Case study: using the indicators for urban shade analysis in Tel Aviv-Yafo -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 - Vulnerability to the urban heat islands effect in the Global North and the Global South: assessment of the driv ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Drivers and consequences of the UHI: a brief literature review -- 3. Methodology and data issues -- 4. Empirical analysis -- 4.1 Descriptive statistics -- 4.2 Multilevel multivariate regression analysis -- 5. Conclusion and policy discussion -- References -- 3 - Luminescence for the built environment: from lighting to urban heat island mitigation purposes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials -- 2.1 Fluorescent materials -- 2.2 Phosphorescent materials -- 3. Characterizing photoluminescent materials for building applications -- 3.1 Structural characterization techniques -- 3.2 Thermo-optical characterization techniques -- 3.3 Cool photoluminescent materials characterization techniques.

Front Cover -- Urban Heat Island Modeling for Tropical Climates -- Urban Heat Island Modeling for Tropical Climates -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Summary -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Mathematical Notations -- 1 -- Context and background of urban heat island -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Describing the review of literature -- 1.2.1 Geography of urban heat island studies -- 1.2.2 Evaluating the primary literatures -- 1.2.2.1 Thermal remote sensing and urban heat island research -- 1.2.2.2 Urban heat island factors and drivers

"This book focuses on five SDGs: poverty (Goal 1), public health and well-being (Goal 3), decent work and economic growth (Goal 8), sustainable cities and societies (Goal 11), and climate action (Goal 13) that are associated with the increasing Urban Heat Island phenomenon that accompanies rapid urbanization, which has changed the way of life of many countries worldwide."

Over the past 60 years, metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, has been among the fastest-growing urban areas in the United States, and this rapid urbanization has resulted in an urban heat island (UHI) of substantial size and intensity. During this time, an uncommon amount of UHI-specific research, relative to other cities in North America, occurred within its boundaries. This review investigates the possible reasons and motivations underpinning the large body of work, as well as summarizing specific themes, approaches, and theoretical contributions arising from such study. It is argued that several factors intrinsic to Phoenix were responsible for the prodigious output: strong applied urban climate research partnerships between several agencies (such as the academy, the National Weather Service, private energy firms, and municipal governments); a high-quality, long-standing network of urban meteorological stations allowing for relatively fine spatial resolution of near-surface temperature data; and a high level of public and media interest in the UHI. Three major research themes can be discerned: 1) theoretical contributions from documenting, modeling, and analyzing the physical characteristics of the UHI; 2) interdisciplinary investigation into its biophysical and social consequences; and 3) assessment and evaluation of several UHI mitigation techniques. Also examined herein is the successful implementation of sustainable urban climate policies within the metropolitan area. The authors note the importance of understanding and applying local research results during the policy formation process.

Shenzhen is a modern city of China's reform and opening-up policy, the development of urban morphology has been established on the administration of the Chinese government. This city`s planning paradigm is primarily affected by the spatial structure and human behavior. The subjective urban agglomeration center is divided into several groups and centers. In comparisons of this effect, the city development law has better to be neglected. With the continuous development of the internet, extensive data technology has been introduced in China. Data mining and data analysis has become important tools in municipal research. Data mining has been utilized to improve data cleaning such as receiving business data, traffic data and population data. Prior to data mining, government data were collected by traditional means, then were analyzed using city-relationship research, delaying the timeliness of urban development, especially for the contemporary city. Data update speed is very fast and based on the Internet. The city's point of interest (POI) in the excavation serves as data source affecting the city design, while satellite remote sensing is used as a reference object, city analysis is conducted in both directions, the administrative paradigm of government is broken and urban research is restored. Therefore, the use of data mining in urban analysis is very important. The satellite remote sensing data of the Shenzhen city in July 2018 were measured by the satellite Modis sensor and can be utilized to perform land surface temperature inversion, and analyze city heat island distribution of Shenzhen. This article acquired and classified the data from Shenzhen by using Data crawler technology. Data of Shenzhen heat island and interest points were simulated and analyzed in the GIS platform to discover the main features of functional equivalent distribution influence. Shenzhen is located in the east-west area of China. The city's main streets are also determined according to the direction of city development. Therefore, it is ...

9 páginas, 9 figuras, 1 tabla. ; Spatial patterns of the urban heat island (UHI) in Zaragoza (Spain) were determined by Principal Component Analysis (VARIMAX rotation) of air temperature in the city, and mapped using GIS. The 3 components extracted accounted for 92.9% of the total variance. Principal component (PC) 1 accounted for the most general patterns of UHI, PC2 showed a shift of warm areas to the SE and PC3 a shift to the NW. A rotated component matrix was used to identify correlations between each component and daily maps. The spatial patterns indicated by PC2 and PC3 were determined by surface wind direction. The displacement of warm areas to the SE (PC2) was greater during NW winds while the shift to the NW (PC3) was produced mainly by SE winds. ; We acknowledge financial support from the following projects: BSO2002-02743, REN2003-07453, CGL2005-0408/BOS (funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain, and by FEDER); 'Programa de grupos de investigación consolidados', grupo Clima, Cambio Global y Sistemas Naturales, BOA 48 of 20-04-2005 (funded by the Government of Aragon); and 'Clima y calidad ambiental en la ciudad de Zaragoza' (funded by the Zaragoza City Council). Research of S.M.V.-S. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte of Spain). ; Peer reviewed

Morphology of buildings and cities in hot and humid regions -- Assessment of the effects of urban heat island on buildings -- Urban heat island monitoring with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Data -- An estimation of air-conditioning energy-saving effects through urban thermal mitigation -- Urban heat island, contributing factors, public responses and mitigation approaches in the tropical context of Malaysia -- Urban heat island studies in hot and humid climates: A review of the state of art in Latin-America -- Urban heat island simulation and monitoring in the hot and humid climate cities of Guayaquil and Durán, Ecuador.

The urban heat island (UHI), formed by surface modification of soil and vegetation, increases minimum nighttime temperatures within cities and causes heat-stress among dwellers. Children, elders and low-income persons are disproportionately burdened by the UHI. These populations often lack the necessary biological, economic and social resources to cope with or prevent heat stress. Because UHI's are expected to increase with climate change, more social workers will be expected to serve the populations most affected by UHI. This paper addresses how the social work profession can play a role in efforts to address the effects of UHI's on vulnerable populations.