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Urbanization is a serious problem for Indonesia. Jakarta is the epicenter of urbanization, which is the center of wealth, which sucks in the migration of people from villages that creates population density, social inequality, as well as congestion and flooding. President Joko Widodo seeks to stem urbanization as part of an Indonesia centric platform, while Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani seeks to spur urbanization for economic growth. This article aims to express criticism of urbanism, as well as offering ruralization, which moves back to rural, with agriculture as the backbone, as well as districts, villages, farmers, fishermen, and farmers as the main actors. This article does not work with geography, demography, or economics, but with political science, which uses interpretive methods and critical analysis. With this analysis, this study of ideas critically finds that urbanization has created Indonesia as an economically, socially, and politically complex urban society. This urbanization has given the wealth and splendor of the city but also presents a serious paradox: city decay (explosion into / implosion), and rural impoverishment (explosion out / explosion). A city-centric solution with a sustainable city recipe will only deal with urban decay but ignore rural impoverishment. The Indonesia-centric solution with rural and rural areas, with local emancipation, is a better answer for equality, justice, and prosperity. Jepara, the most prosperous district in Central Java, is an example of ruralization that goes beyond the project approach from above.

Sociology Reference Guide: Population & -- Urbanization -- Contents -- Introduction -- Demography in Sociology -- Industrialization: Demographic Transition Theory -- Trends in Global Population Growth -- Malthus & -- Population Growth -- Population & -- Stratification -- Post-Industrial Growth of U.S. Cities -- The City & -- the Industrial Revolution -- Gemeinschaft & -- Gesellschaft -- Gentrification: A Tangled Web of Cause & -- Effect -- The Megalopolis -- The Chicago School of Sociology -- Robert Park & -- Urban Ecology -- U.S. Urban Political Economy.

Circulation and Urbanization is a foundational investigation into the history of the urban. Moving beyond both canonical and empirical portrayals, the book approaches the urban through a genealogy of circulation - a concept central to Western political thought and its modes of spatial planning. Locating architectural knowledge in a wider network of political history, legal theory, geography, sociology and critical theory, and drawing on maritime, territorial and colonial histories, Adams contends that the urban arose in the nineteenth century as an anonymous, parallel project of the emergent liberal nation state. More than a reflection of this state form or the product of the capitalist relations it fostered, the urban is instead a primary instrument for both: at once means and ends. Combining analytical precision with interdisciplinary insights, this book offers an astonishing new set of propositions for revisiting a familiar, yet increasingly urgent, topic. It is a vital resource for all students and scholars of architecture and urban studies. This book is part of the Society and Space series, which explores the fascinating relationship between the spatial and the social. These stimulating, provocative books draw on a range of theories to examine key cultural and political issues of our times, including technology, globalisation and migration.

International audience ; This article introduces the concept of popular urbanization to describe a specific urbanization process based on collective initiatives, self‐organization and the activities of inhabitants. We understand popular urbanization as an urban strategy through which an urban territory is produced, transformed and appropriated by the people. This concept results from a theoretically guided and empirically grounded comparison of Mexico City, Istanbul and Lagos. Based on postcolonial critiques of urban theory and on the epistemologies of planetary urbanization, we bring urbanization processes in these urban regions into conversation with each other through a multidimensional theoretical framework inspired by Henri Lefebvre focusing on material interaction, territorial regulation, and everyday experience. In this way, popular urbanization emerged as a distinct urbanization process, which we identified in all three contexts. While this process is often subsumed under the broader concept of 'urban informality', we suggest that it may be helpful to distinguish popular urbanization as primarily led by the people, while commodification and state agencies play minor roles. As popular urbanization unfolds in diverse ways dependent upon the wider urban context, specific political constellations and actions, it results in a variety of spatial outcomes and temporal trajectories. This is therefore a revisable and open concept. In proposing the concept of popular urbanization for further examination, we seek to contribute to the collective development of a decentered vocabulary of urbanization.

International audience ; This article introduces the concept of popular urbanization to describe a specific urbanization process based on collective initiatives, self‐organization and the activities of inhabitants. We understand popular urbanization as an urban strategy through which an urban territory is produced, transformed and appropriated by the people. This concept results from a theoretically guided and empirically grounded comparison of Mexico City, Istanbul and Lagos. Based on postcolonial critiques of urban theory and on the epistemologies of planetary urbanization, we bring urbanization processes in these urban regions into conversation with each other through a multidimensional theoretical framework inspired by Henri Lefebvre focusing on material interaction, territorial regulation, and everyday experience. In this way, popular urbanization emerged as a distinct urbanization process, which we identified in all three contexts. While this process is often subsumed under the broader concept of 'urban informality', we suggest that it may be helpful to distinguish popular urbanization as primarily led by the people, while commodification and state agencies play minor roles. As popular urbanization unfolds in diverse ways dependent upon the wider urban context, specific political constellations and actions, it results in a variety of spatial outcomes and temporal trajectories. This is therefore a revisable and open concept. In proposing the concept of popular urbanization for further examination, we seek to contribute to the collective development of a decentered vocabulary of urbanization.

As in most other countries, the definition of urban areas in China is fairly complex. Since taking power in 1949 the Chinese government has defined and redefined the definition of "city" three times: in November 1955, in December 1963 and in October 1984. The article explores the structure of China's urbanization, and changes over time in the level of urbanization. (DÜI-Sen)

The objective of this report is to inform the government's policies and strategies on urbanization as a driver of economic development, job creation, and poverty reduction. Note 1 examines Rwanda's urbanization process since 2002 by analyzing satellite images and other sources. This note presents and analyses the core features and trends of Rwanda's urbanization process. In the first part, it lays out the overall trends in Rwanda's levels of urbanization and the primary trends in urban expansion of Rwanda's key cities, and presents central legal and institutional elements that influence and inform the dynamics of urbanization. Second, it analyses the characteristics and spatial economy of the urban system. Third, it provides an analysis of key characteristics of connectivity of the urban system, domestically and with perspectives to regional connectivity. Last, the note lays out a set of policy implications.