Suchergebnisse

It is hypothesized that in the second half of the eighteenth century & last third of the nineteenth century production followed essentially precapitalist patterns, although the socioeconomic profile of the country had changed qualitatively between those periods. Both continuity & change are identified through data pertaining to production & marketing. Two principal sources of information were used: records of a 10-year litigation involving title to the estate, & a field investigation that led to an extensive perusal of the estate's archives. The importance of microeconomic analysis in the appreciation of the rationality of socioeconomic systems is shown, as is the analytical utility of the concept of subordination of labor to capital in the study of the transition toward capitalism. 17 Tables, 6 Figures. S. Karganovic.

A description of population growth in Zongolica, a rural area of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, aiming to: (1) define the relationship of capitalist development & population growth in Zongolica from a Marxist standpoint; (2) elaborate explicit models showing the relationship between economic & demographic factors; & (3) illustrate the usefulness of regional studies which combine the use of local registers, economic history, census data, & direct observations in the study of small populations. The analysis is based on two months of field work in Zongolica. The basic Marxist premise is that technological & production changes exert a significant influence over population growth. Issues discussed in connection with population growth are: mortality, fertility, effect of technology on coffee production, class structure & social relationships, superstructural elements affecting the Indian population, land ownership, & migration. A theoretical model is offered relating fertility to characteristics of the economy, eg, the utility of numerous offspring to augment family income. Birth control ignorance & adherence to religious dogma are not adequate explanations of the high fertility rate; it is assumed that couples usually make rational decisions to have children. 17 Tables. S. Karganovic.

At present we are living in a time where extraordinary things happen which rapidly change thereby creating tensions that give rise to different forms of conduct according to how we face up periods of inflation, war or State interventions. The variations which come into the equation of economical behaviour like those of socially, politically and familiar nature, which have been disregarded in the Microeconomical Theory by the blocking premise of a maximum utility, becomes more important. In a competitive market the search for maximum benefits becomes predominant. Here the behaviour is conditioned among to its own limited margin, which also, due to the existing atomization compensates some managers for their devious behaviour. But this supposition loses its importance when faced by imperfectly expanding markets where the strategy of one or some productors cause a variation in the structure which presupposes a pattern of behaviour through the principle of maximization in Economy. A knowledge of what Modern Psychology teaches about the behaviour of an economic subject, should no doubt enrich the analysis, bringing us nearer to conclusions more in accord with reality. ; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

The purpose of this paper is to help clarify the meaning of one of the most used terms in the language of International Relations: "détente". Being a multipurpose phenomenon for the different types of political observers, the academic contribution could consist of rigorously establishing the specific content of this concept, and its virtual utility as a tool for the study of International Relations. Through this effort, an attempt is also made to identify the spectrum of alternatives that may be present on the diplomatic horizon of the Third World and Latin America within the new international order. ; El propósito de este trabajo es ayudar a clarificar el significado de uno de los términos más utilizados en el lenguaje de las Relaciones Internacionales: la "distensión" o "détente". Tratándose de un fenómeno polivalente para los distintos tipos de observadores políticos, el aporte académico podría consistir en establecer con rigurosidad el contenido específico de este concepto, y su virtual utilidad como herramienta para el estudio de las Relaciones Internacionales. Mediante este esfuerzo se intenta también identificar el espectro de alternativas que pueden estar presentes en el horizonte diplomático del Tercer Mundo y de América Latina dentro del nuevo ordenamiento internacional.

Military relations between the United States and Latin America have reached a tense situation. As a consequence of the changes in the geopolitical environment, the lack of symmetry in inter-American affairs, and the recent initiatives of the United States regarding human rights and arms control, the foundations of the inter-American military system have fallen into disarray. This paper explores the reasons for its decline and the future possibilities of military relations, always keeping in mind the question of what is the utility for the United States of military relations with nations that are marginal to its central security. ; Las relaciones militares entre los Estados Unidos y la América Latina han llegado a una situación de tirantez. Como consecuencia de los cambios en el ambiente geopolítico, de la falta de simetría en los asuntos interamericanos y de las iniciativas recientes de los Estados Unidos en cuanto a los derechos humanos y al control de los armamentos, las bases del sistema militar interamericano han caído en el desconcierto. Este trabajo explora las razones de su decadencia y de las posibilidades en el futuro de las relaciones militares, teniendo siempre en mente la pregunta acerca de cuál es la utilidad para los Estados Unidos de las relaciones militares con naciones que sean marginales a su seguridad central.

This is a problem of macroeconomic decision concerning the assignment of resources in purely economic objectives. Once the field of the subject is axiologically delimited, the author analyses all possible pattern to point out the maximum of its efficiency showing the concept of added value as a measure of the social utility of assignations. The problem thus stated, proposed to make use of the lineal programmation as a method for planning and resolving problems bringing out the versatility of this technique when considering a large variety of situation and restrictions. Then, he takes into account the possibility of remarking the limits of validity in the initial solution when it faces changes in problem data by means of alteration of restrictions. The author examines the virtue of lineal programmation, that of enhancing the boundaries of "best" thought modification of the added values, making thus possible the measurement of future political influences on prices. Finally he states that quantitative solutions must always be taken as suggestions which only show a region of possible combinations, and that the final decision must emerge once all the social and political imponderable have been considered verifying if the solution of the problem fits the meta-economic values. ; Trabajo presentado en la II Reunión Internacional de Economía (Córdoba, 1966). ; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas