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A comparison of results from studies on cycles in value change of the British & German political systems. Since the British data span more than 200 years & the German data not more than 35-65 years, the British data are taken as a reference or constant. The findings do not indicate any general cyclical process of value change. This result contrasts with former results of British & US studies, which indicated a common cyclical process for these two nations. 2 Tables, 9 References. HA

Abstract. The main focus of this paper is a comparison of results from studies on cycles in value change of the British and West German political systems. While the British data span more than two hundred years and the German data not more than 35 to 65 years, the British data are taken as a reference or constant. The comparison results in the observation that there is no indication of a general cyclical process of value change. This result contrasts with former results of British and American studies, which indicated a common cyclical process for these two nations.

1. Studying Political Values -- 2. Value Trends in Western Europe and the United States -- 3. Short-Term Value Change in Western Europe -- 4. Long-Term Value Change in Western Europe -- 5. Education, Security, and Postmaterialism in Western Europe -- 6. The Future of Postmaterialism in Western Europe -- 7. The Structure of Values on Five Continents -- 8. Economic Security and Value Change on Five Continents -- 9. Conclusions -- Appendix: Distribution of the Adult Population in Eight West European Societies, by Years of Birth

The ongoing energy transition toward more sustainable energy systems implies a change in the values for which such systems are designed. The energy transition however is not just about sustainability but also about values like energy security and affordability, and we witness the emergence of new values like energy justice and energy democracy. How can we understand such value changes and how can or should they affect the design of future energy systems? This introduction to the special section on value change in energy systems introduces the main themes and questions. It discusses different understandings of values and value change, explains why the topic is important and how it can be methodologically studied.

Ronald Inglehart has argued that, while most of the major political parties in Western countries tend to be aligned along a social class–based axis, support for new political movements and new political parties largely reflects the tension between materialist and postmaterialist goals and values. This has presented something of a dilemma to the traditional parties, and helps account for the decline of social-class voting. Scott Flanagan takes issue with Inglehart's interpretation in several particulars. Although their views converge in many respects, Flanagan urges conceptual reorientations and adumbrates a different interpretation of post–World War II political development in Europe and Japan.