Suchergebnisse

Проаналізовано концептуальні моделі ідеального Університету американських дослідників: Т. Веблена, К. Керра, А. Флекснера, Р. Хатчінса; визначено ті характеристики класичних моделей ХІХ ст. (В. фон Гумбольдта та Дж. Ньюмена), які лягли в основу даних концепцій; осмислено нові завдання, ідеали та цінності Університету ХХ ст., які були сформовані під впливом загальної кризи науки, філософії прагматизму та взаємозв'язків між освітою, наукою і бізнесом; визначено основні ознаки нового історичного типу Університету, який у кінці ХХ ст. постає не тільки як професійна вища школа та дослідницький інститут, а і як центр освітніх послуг та суспільних трансформацій ; It is analyzed the theoretical models of the ideal University of the American researchers: A. Flexner, R. Hutchins, C. Kerr, T. Veblen; it is distinguished the main tasks, ideals and values, that characterized these models.T. Veblen`s ideal University serves the society and provides general development of knowledge. It is research institute for the new social leaders. A. Flexner considers that the ideal University is an elitist research institute, which mission is to influence the society through analysis of the social problems and consulting of the state institutes and different organizations. R. Hutchins describes his ideal University as the center of culture and philosophical thinking. He doesn`t observe the research as one of the most important tasks of the University. C. Kerr according to the new philosophy of pragmatism proposes the model of the multiversity which main function is to provide the educational service. In this conception, the student becomes the main user of the educational services and all functions and mission of the University become forming according to his need.It is formed the features of the new historical tape of the University that is developing as:• the center of the educational services, that acts according to the economical law and connects with the state and private institutes;• the center of the social transformation which mission is to serve the civilization, society, nation, region and orients at the same time to the all human values and to the national ones;• professional high school that provides for equal access for all persons interested and high quality professional training on the democratic basis;• research institute, that provides keeping and growth of knowledge, improvement of the science and innovative development. ; Проанализировано концептуальные модели идеального Университета американских исследователей: Т. Веблена, К. Керра, А. Флекснера, Р. Хатчинса; определено те характеристики классических моделей ХІХ в. (В. фон Гумбольдта и Дж. Ньюмена), которые легли в основание данных концепций; осмыслено новые задания, идеалы и ценности Университета ХХ в., которые были сформированы под влиянием общего кризиса науки, философии прагматизма и взаимосвязей между образованием, наукой и бизнесом; определено основные признаки нового исторического типа Университета, который в конце ХХ в. становится не только профессиональной высшей школой и исследовательским институтом, а и центром образовательных услуг и общественных трансформаций

The article is devoted to the analysis of dominant and alternative mobility systems in contemporary world. It is emphasized that mobility can be both real and potential actions in their connection with social relations in space and time. Mobility cannot exist without human need or desire to be at a certain time in a certain place. These factors lead to various types of mobility systems. It is noted that the mobility system is a complex of social relations and material infrastructure that make a certain type of spatial movement possible, repetitive and predictable. Any action or movement is possible only as part of a specific mobility system. In the modern world, there are dominant institutionally fastened mobility systems. One of the most common of these is the tourism system. The article analyzes some theoretical approaches to the study of tourism presented in the works of such scientists as Z. Bauman, J. Urry, T. Veblen and others. The attention is focused on the fact that the tourism system is highly influenced by market relations. Tourism has become a product of conspicuous consumption and one of the factors of social inequality reproduction at the same time. It is emphasized that there are alternative spatial mobility systems that are excluded from market logic. One of the most common alternative spatial mobility systems is hitchhiking, that is, the practice of free travel on passing nonscheduled vehicles with the consent of the driver. The features of the functioning of spatial mobility systems in the modern world are investigated. The properties of the dominant and alternative mobility systems are considered, as well as the differences between them are also analyzed. It has been revealed that alternative spatial mobility systems are built upon personalized trust relationships. Conclusion is made that hitchhiking performs the function of social integration.

The influence of consumer behavior on the formation of the political market of the XX-XXI century is considered. A comparative analysis of sociological theories of consumption, theories of political science of the political market and political marketing is carried out. The identification of sociological and political science theory in the field of economics and social relations is presented. An analysis of modern socio-political literature shows that the formation of the political market is closely linked to the formation of the consumer society. To identify this pattern, a comparative analysis is required. Such scientists as Max Weber, Georg Simmel, Thorstein Veblen, Pierre Bourdieu, C. Wright Miles and others were involved in the sociological analysis of consumption. The political analysis of the political market is considered by James M. Buchanan, Oritz Allbeiser and others. However, the results of the analysis of their respective publications suggest that in contemporary political science, the analysis of the political market in conjunction with the sociological analysis of consumption is paid little attention. Proceeding from this, the purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of political and sociological theories related to economics and social relations. To analyze the formation of consumption, both in the economic field and in the political, we turn to the theoretical heritage of Pierre Bourdieu and Stephen Miles. These researchers in their consumer analysis approached the principles that are used today in political marketing. The formation of market relations in society has affected the emergence of the consumer society, which subordinates individuals to market thinking. As a result, political relations are also market-oriented. Therefore, the analysis of consumption in combination with the analysis of the political market and political marketing may further reveal a number of problems that have long been beyond the standpoint of political science.

The influence of consumer behavior on the formation of the political market of the XX-XXI century is considered. A comparative analysis of sociological theories of consumption, theories of political science of the political market and political marketing is carried out. The identification of sociological and political science theory in the field of economics and social relations is presented. An analysis of modern socio-political literature shows that the formation of the political market is closely linked to the formation of the consumer society. To identify this pattern, a comparative analysis is required. Such scientists as Max Weber, Georg Simmel, Thorstein Veblen, Pierre Bourdieu, C. Wright Miles and others were involved in the sociological analysis of consumption. The political analysis of the political market is considered by James M. Buchanan, Oritz Allbeiser and others. However, the results of the analysis of their respective publications suggest that in contemporary political science, the analysis of the political market in conjunction with the sociological analysis of consumption is paid little attention. Proceeding from this, the purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of political and sociological theories related to economics and social relations. To analyze the formation of consumption, both in the economic field and in the political, we turn to the theoretical heritage of Pierre Bourdieu and Stephen Miles. These researchers in their consumer analysis approached the principles that are used today in political marketing. The formation of market relations in society has affected the emergence of the consumer society, which subordinates individuals to market thinking. As a result, political relations are also market-oriented. Therefore, the analysis of consumption in combination with the analysis of the political market and political marketing may further reveal a number of problems that have long been beyond the standpoint of political science.Key words: consumer behavior, political market, political marketing. ; Розглядається вплив споживчої поведінки на формування політичного ринку ХХ-ХХІ століття. Проводиться порівняльний аналіз соціологічних теорій споживання й політологічних теорій політичного ринку й політичного маркетингу. Наводиться порівняння соціологічних й політологічних теорій в сфері економіко-суспільних відносин. Вихід на більш щільну взаємодію соціології й політології в розділі споживання й політичної поведінки.Ключові слова: споживча поведінка, політичний ринок, політичний маркетинг. Рассматривается влияние потребительского поведения на формирование политического рынка ХХ-ХХI века. Проводится сравнительный анализ социологических теорий потребления а также политологических теорий политического рынка и политического маркетинга. Приводится отождествление социологических и политологических теории в сфере экономико-общественных отношений. Выход на более плотное взаимодействие социологии и политологии в разделе потребления и политического поведения.Ключевые слова: потребительское поведение, политический рынок, политический маркетинг. The influence of consumer behavior on the formation of the political market of the XX-XXI century is considered. A comparative analysis of sociological theories of consumption, theories of political science of the political market and political marketing is carried out. The identification of sociological and political science theory in the field of economics and social relations is presented. An analysis of modern socio-political literature shows that the formation of the political market is closely linked to the formation of the consumer society. To identify this pattern, a comparative analysis is required. Such scientists as Max Weber, Georg Simmel, Thorstein Veblen, Pierre Bourdieu, C. Wright Miles and others were involved in the sociological analysis of consumption. The political analysis of the political market is considered by James M. Buchanan, Oritz Allbeiser and others. However, the results of the analysis of their respective publications suggest that in contemporary political science, the analysis of the political market in conjunction with the sociological analysis of consumption is paid little attention. Proceeding from this, the purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of political and sociological theories related to economics and social relations. To analyze the formation of consumption, both in the economic field and in the political, we turn to the theoretical heritage of Pierre Bourdieu and Stephen Miles. These researchers in their consumer analysis approached the principles that are used today in political marketing. The formation of market relations in society has affected the emergence of the consumer society, which subordinates individuals to market thinking. As a result, political relations are also market-oriented. Therefore, the analysis of consumption in combination with the analysis of the political market and political marketing may further reveal a number of problems that have long been beyond the standpoint of political science.Key words: consumer behavior, political market, political marketing.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of changing socio-economic leadership at the end of the nineteenth century. It is shown that Britain`s lag behind its rivals in foreign markets is associated withthe transition to an extensive algorithm for the existence of the largest empire in the world, the homeland of the industrial revolution, its reorientation to financially usurious mechanisms forobtaining super-profits, an indicator of the beginning of the stadial-civilizational decline of the classical bourgeois formation. It is shown that Germany, which in our time continues to be consideredthe main culprit for World War I, during this period, receives competitive advantages, first of all, by forcing an innovative component of its development, due to the election of a fundamentally different,relative to the Anglo-Saxon, model of the postсapitalist type of social order. It is important that on the basis of similar principles of the new social system in the twentieth century, a number of developedcountries of the East and West have made an economic miracle. It has been proved that the sources of antagonism between the most powerful geopolitical players that led to the Great War are due not so much to the so-called colonial redistribution of the world, but to the collision of two incompatible strategies for the further existence of mankind. Moreover, the doom of the Russian Empire for such an approach was related precisely to the fact that once again lost the historical chance of its own modernization, it was in the world military conflict that was inevitable, because of the domination in the state of a compradoriously oriented "lazy class" (T .Veblen), elected the status of a satellite of the United Kingdom and France, which at that time was the main outpost of the rotting monopoly financial and invading imperialism of a qualitatively new global type, which eventually became the main cause of both worlds wars, and then the cold and present "hybrid" wars (the current Putin regime is derived from the modern global "postmodern system" of postmodern neocolonialism). The hypothesis that the cause of the First and Second World Wars was the only aggressive nationalism is refuted, which in fact, in the form of Nazism became a non-constructive reaction to the globally-permissive parasitism that caused the First World War and the "communist experiment", generated by the civil war caused by the catastrophe of the unprecedented in terms of the scale of the war of 1914-1918. ; У статті проаналізовано особливості зміни соціально-економічного лідерства наприкінці ХІХ століття. Показано, що відставання Великої Британії від своїх конкурентів на зовнішніхринках пов'язано з переходом на екстенсивний алгоритм існування найбільшої імперії світу, яка стала батьківщиною промислового перевороту, її переорієнтацією на фінансово-лихварськімеханізми отримання надприбутків, що є показником початку стадіально-цивілізаційного занепаду класичної буржуазної формації. Показано, що Німеччина, яку і в наш час багатоісториків продовжують вважати головним винуватцем Першої світової війни, в цей період отримує конкурентні переваги насамперед за рахунок форсування інноваційної складової свогорозвитку, обумовленого обранням принципово іншої, відносно англо-саксонскої, моделі суспільного ладу посткапіталістичного типу. Важливо, що саме на основі подібних засад новогосуспільного ладу вже у ХХ столітті низка розвинених країн Сходу і Заходу здійснили економічне диво.Доведено, що витоки антагонізму між найпотужнішими геополітичними гравцями, який призвів до Великої війни, обумовлені не стільки так званим колоніальним переділом світу, скількизіткненням двох несумісних стратегій подальшого існування людства. Причому, приреченість Російської імперії за такого підходу, була пов'язана саме з тим, що черговий раз втратившиісторичний шанс власної модернізації, вона у світовому воєнному конфлікті, який був неминучим, через панування в державі компрадорські орієнтованого «класу, що байдикує» (Т. Веблен),обрала статус сателіта Великої Британії та Франції, які на той час були основним форпостом саме загниваючого монопольно-фінансового та загарбницького імперіалізму якісно нового глобального типу, що, врешті-решт, став головною причиною обох світових, а потім Холодної та нинішньої «гібридної», війн (нинішній путінський режим є похідним від сучасної глобальної«світосистеми» вже постмодерного неоколоніалізму). Також спростовано гіпотезу, що причиною Першої та Другої світових воєн був виключно агресивний націоналізм, який насправді у формі нацизму став лише неконструктивною реакцією на глобально-лихварський паразитизм, що спричинив Першу світову війну та «комуністичний експеримент», породжений громадянською війною, обумовленою катастрофою ще небаченої за масштабами воєнної бійні 1914-1918 років.

Formulation of the problem. In the processes of socio-cultural dynamics of modern society, a significant role is played by the consumption process, which is not only a marker of the development of society because it creates new semantic connections and forms a symbolic continuum of social relations, but also significantly influences the processes of personality socialization and formation of social practices. Moreover, just the discourse of consumption that creates and represents patterns of behavior, shapes values and norms that make up the socio-cultural aspect of the late-20th-the beginning of the 21st century, which they call "consumption society". Consumerism is the ideology of "consumption society" is the dependence of the level of personal happiness and enjoyment on the value and prestige of things, that are consumed. In sociological discourse, consumption is interpreted as the conscious activity of people to construct their own identity through consumption.Analysis of recent research and publications. Consumption as a phenomenon and society of consumption as a new image of society during a long period of time has been on the focus of Western researchers, especially economists, sociologists, philosophers, the most illustrative are the works of K. Marks, M. Weber, T. Veblen (consumption is interpreted as a process of socio-economic stratification), J. Baudrillard, G. Marcuse (consumption as a symbolic exchange), P. Bourdieu (field of consumption as a lifestyle), E. Giddens (consumption as a process of identity construction), N. McCendrick, J. Brewer, J. G. Plumb, etc., among Ukrainian researchers, these issues are studied by O. Gerus, A. Doroshkevich, N. Zinchenko, O. Serdyuk.Formation of goals. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the phenomenon of consumption and consumer practices, to reveal their influence on the processes of socio-cultural dynamics of modern society.Presentation of the main material. The concept of "consumption" has become on the focus of attention of intellectuals in connection with the philosophy of "consumption society", which was developed by J. Baudrillard as a result of rethinking K. Marx's theory of political economy and its replacement with the theory of symbolic objects. J. Baudrillard interprets consumer society as a practical reality that contains a "mythological dimension" in its own "objective" definition.J. Baudrillard proves that consumption is not reduced to satisfaction of needs, but encourages their production, turns into an "active mode of relation" to objective reality. Beyond consumption, it is impossible to explain human behavior. Not only goods and services are consumed, but the whole system of objects as a symbolic structure, whereby the need becomes a structural mode of productivity, and the product is reduced to values-signs, not things, but ideas of things are consumed.The specificity of the consumption process is conditioned by the influence of purposeful pressure of economic levers and the system of value determinants, which are constructed within a certain society, mainly through the media space, as well as by the fact that the objects of consumption are not material but socio-cultural objects. Significant importance is attached to the peculiarities of consumer behavior and reproduction of their consumption practices, because it is through consumption that person realizes and asserts.Conclusions. Consumption in the processes of social dynamics and social transformation becomes functional, significantly influencing the status position of the individual in the structure of social relations. It is a means of social reproduction and a marker of the individual's position in the social hierarchy system. Through advertising and fashion, individual consumes a set of certain images and lifestyles, values and patterns, which then he reproduces in everyday practice, in communication, in social interactions. Consumption of certain goods, services is important for self-identification and self-affirmation of the individual. ; Раскрыт смысл понятий «потребление» и «общество потребления». Доказано, что потребление в процессах социальной динамики и социальной трансформации приобретает функциональное значение, существенно влияет на статусную позицию индивида в структуре социальных отношений. Обосновано тезис о том, что потребление есть способом социального воссоздания и маркером позиции индивида в системе социальной иерархии, имеет решающее значение для самоидентификации и самоутверждения индивида. ; Розкрито зміст понять «споживання» та «суспільство споживання». Доведено, що споживання у процесах соціальної динаміки та соціальної трансформації набуває функціональної значимості, суттєво впливає на статусну позицію індивіда в структурі соціальних відносин. Обґрунтовано тезу про те, що споживання є засобом соціального відтворення та маркером позиції індивіда в системі соціальної ієрархії, має вирішальне значення для самоідентифікації та самоствердження індивіда.

Formulation of the problem. In the processes of socio-cultural dynamics of modern society, a significant role is played by the consumption process, which is not only a marker of the development of society because it creates new semantic connections and forms a symbolic continuum of social relations, but also significantly influences the processes of personality socialization and formation of social practices. Moreover, just the discourse of consumption that creates and represents patterns of behavior, shapes values and norms that make up the socio-cultural aspect of the late-20th-the beginning of the 21st century, which they call "consumption society". Consumerism is the ideology of "consumption society" is the dependence of the level of personal happiness and enjoyment on the value and prestige of things, that are consumed. In sociological discourse, consumption is interpreted as the conscious activity of people to construct their own identity through consumption.Analysis of recent research and publications. Consumption as a phenomenon and society of consumption as a new image of society during a long period of time has been on the focus of Western researchers, especially economists, sociologists, philosophers, the most illustrative are the works of K. Marks, M. Weber, T. Veblen (consumption is interpreted as a process of socio-economic stratification), J. Baudrillard, G. Marcuse (consumption as a symbolic exchange), P. Bourdieu (field of consumption as a lifestyle), E. Giddens (consumption as a process of identity construction), N. McCendrick, J. Brewer, J. G. Plumb, etc., among Ukrainian researchers, these issues are studied by O. Gerus, A. Doroshkevich, N. Zinchenko, O. Serdyuk.Formation of goals. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the phenomenon of consumption and consumer practices, to reveal their influence on the processes of socio-cultural dynamics of modern society.Presentation of the main material. The concept of "consumption" has become on the focus of attention of intellectuals in connection with the philosophy of "consumption society", which was developed by J. Baudrillard as a result of rethinking K. Marx's theory of political economy and its replacement with the theory of symbolic objects. J. Baudrillard interprets consumer society as a practical reality that contains a "mythological dimension" in its own "objective" definition.J. Baudrillard proves that consumption is not reduced to satisfaction of needs, but encourages their production, turns into an "active mode of relation" to objective reality. Beyond consumption, it is impossible to explain human behavior. Not only goods and services are consumed, but the whole system of objects as a symbolic structure, whereby the need becomes a structural mode of productivity, and the product is reduced to values-signs, not things, but ideas of things are consumed.The specificity of the consumption process is conditioned by the influence of purposeful pressure of economic levers and the system of value determinants, which are constructed within a certain society, mainly through the media space, as well as by the fact that the objects of consumption are not material but socio-cultural objects. Significant importance is attached to the peculiarities of consumer behavior and reproduction of their consumption practices, because it is through consumption that person realizes and asserts.Conclusions. Consumption in the processes of social dynamics and social transformation becomes functional, significantly influencing the status position of the individual in the structure of social relations. It is a means of social reproduction and a marker of the individual's position in the social hierarchy system. Through advertising and fashion, individual consumes a set of certain images and lifestyles, values and patterns, which then he reproduces in everyday practice, in communication, in social interactions. Consumption of certain goods, services is important for self-identification and self-affirmation of the individual. ; Раскрыт смысл понятий «потребление» и «общество потребления». Доказано, что потребление в процессах социальной динамики и социальной трансформации приобретает функциональное значение, существенно влияет на статусную позицию индивида в структуре социальных отношений. Обосновано тезис о том, что потребление есть способом социального воссоздания и маркером позиции индивида в системе социальной иерархии, имеет решающее значение для самоидентификации и самоутверждения индивида. ; Розкрито зміст понять «споживання» та «суспільство споживання». Доведено, що споживання у процесах соціальної динаміки та соціальної трансформації набуває функціональної значимості, суттєво впливає на статусну позицію індивіда в структурі соціальних відносин. Обґрунтовано тезу про те, що споживання є засобом соціального відтворення та маркером позиції індивіда в системі соціальної ієрархії, має вирішальне значення для самоідентифікації та самоствердження індивіда.