Suchergebnisse

"Text of remarks . on September 29, 1967, to the National legislative conference at San Antonio, Texas." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This paper exploits five waves of the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) to investigate issues of social and political capital in rural Viet Nam. I analyse membership of the Communist Party, 'mass organizations' (Farmers' Union, Women's Union, etc.) and other voluntary organizations, trust, and the significance of family ties in economic transactions (e.g. the share of land tenants who are relatives of their landlord). The paper also presents fixed effects regressions exploring the effects of social and political capital on household income. Results indicate positive returns to Communist Party membership, trust and access to informal insurance.

Market liberalization, though an important element in economic reforms in developing countries in the past two decades, has been accused of harming the poor through higher food prices, layoffs in formerly state-owned enterprises, and the erosion of social safety net programs. Since the 1980s Viet Nam has relaxed a number of government controls over rice production and marketing, stimulating large increases in rice production. Yet the government retains control over rice exports and internal rice trade. Rice Market Liberalization and Poverty in Viet Nam, Research Report 114, analyzes whether further loosening of state controls in Viet Nam's rice markets would help or hurt the poor and draws lessons for other countries. ; PR ; IFPRI1

ADB support to pro-poor economic growth has demonstrated that efforts to link rural infrastructure with emerging national and regional infrastructure networks can derive major benefits. ADB's assistance to develop the road and energy sectors and to establish policy and regulatory environments supportive of business and market institutions, has contributed to a rapid increase in the number and size of private firms. ADB successfully combined such interventions with poverty targeted support through its health and education sector programs and through Official Development Assistance (ODA)- supported poverty reduction programs including the multi-donor policy dialogue platform Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC). A self-assessment of the last Country Strategy and Program (CSP) concluded that ADB's assistance was focused and selective, presented a coherent rationale, and was highly responsive to national strategies with poverty reduction as its overarching thrust. Constructive partnerships have been developed with the Government and other development partners for advancing reform agendas in key sectors.

ADB support to pro-poor economic growth has demonstrated that efforts to link rural infrastructure with emerging national and regional infrastructure networks can derive major benefits. ADB's assistance to develop the road and energy sectors and to establish policy and regulatory environments supportive of business and market institutions, has contributed to a rapid increase in the number and size of private firms. ADB successfully combined such interventions with poverty targeted support through its health and education sector programs and through Official Development Assistance (ODA)- supported poverty reduction programs including the multi-donor policy dialogue platform Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC). A self-assessment of the last Country Strategy and Program (CSP) concluded that ADB's assistance was focused and selective, presented a coherent rationale, and was highly responsive to national strategies with poverty reduction as its overarching thrust. Constructive partnerships have been developed with the Government and other development partners for advancing reform agendas in key sectors.

BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a flaviviral disease of public health concern in many parts of Asia. JE often occurs in large epidemics, has a high case-fatality ratio and, among survivors, frequently causes persistent neurological sequelae and mental disabilities. In 1997, the Vietnamese government initiated immunization campaigns targeting all children aged 1-5 years. Three doses of a locally-produced, mouse brain-derived, inactivated JE vaccine (MBV) were given. This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of Viet Nam's MBV. METHODOLOGY: A matched case-control study was conducted in Northern Viet Nam. Cases were identified through an ongoing hospital-based surveillance. Each case was matched to four healthy controls for age, gender, and neighborhood. The vaccination history was ascertained through JE immunization logbooks maintained at local health centers. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty cases and 120 controls were enrolled. The effectiveness of the JE vaccine was 92.9% [95% CI: 66.6-98.5]. Confounding effects of other risk variables were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggest that the locally-produced JE-MBV given to 1-5 years old Vietnamese children was efficacious.

This article explores how decentralization supports the policy commitments made by the Viet Nam government to increase citizen participation and accountability, and to reduce poverty and regional disparities. The article includes a review of basic definitions of decentralization that places the case study in an international context, a brief look at the unique, historical context in Viet Nam and its relevance, a brief comparison of policy intention vs implementation reality, a preliminary analysis of the impact of decentralization during the period, and a concluding section on remaining challenges. The article examines the interplay between hierarchical and network organizations in Viet Nam, as stakeholders seek to better define the respective roles and authority of the party, and other public, quasi-public and private organizations at different territorial levels.

Using unbalanced panel data from the small and medium enterprise surveys in Viet Nam in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015, this paper investigates factors associated with informality in Viet Nam. We assume that household businesses, especially the top tier firms, become formal either because they perceive benefits of formalization such as an increase in the household performance, or because they want to escape bribes and harassment. Using the random effects model with controlling for the pre-formalization trends, our results show that productive household businesses stay informal because net costs from tax payment may surpass net benefits from formalization. Moreover, government controls do not promote formalization, especially among the "upper" tiers of informal households. Our findings raise a suspicion of collusion corruption between informal households in the top tiers and government tax officials. This opens room for future qualitative and quantitative studies to investigate collusion corruption as a determinant of informality in developing countries.

Microfinance plays an important role in the nation's financial inclusive system. Therefore, the development of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) increasingly receives the attention of governments, especially in developing countries. In which, financial sustainability is one of the determinants which measures the development of microfinance institutions (MFIs). In this research, the institutionalist approach is applied with the purpose of developing empirical evidence for the determinants that affect the financial sustainability of MFIs in Viet Nam. Financial sustainability is analyzed through the evaluation criteria of the investors and the wholesale lending organizations. The Fixed Effect Model is applied to determine the factors that affect the financial sustainability of MFIs in Viet Nam. Quantitative results show that the financial sustainability of MFIs is governed by five factors, including (i) the growth rate of MFIs' outstanding loans, (ii) the efficiency of MFIs' performance, (iii) the ratio of borrowers to the number of staffs of MFIs with a positive impact; (iv) the debt-to-equity ratio of MFIs; and (v) the incremental cost per client of the MFIs with negative effect

During the past 20 years, Viet Nam underwent an economic transformation, featuring high rates of economic growth—real GDP increased at an average annual growth rate of 7 percent from 1986 to 2008 and GDP per capita in PPP terms tripled—and a sharp drop in poverty rates. These changes catapulted Viet Nam out of the poorest quintile of countries (ahead of Cambodia and Bangladesh, but behind Laos and Kenya) in 1986, when its GDP per capita in PPP (2005 international dollars) was around only $800. At that point, the highly agrarian nature of Viet Nam's economy placed it in the top quintile of countries with the largest share of agriculture in GDP and among the top 10 percent of countries with the highest share of workers in agriculture throughout the 1990s. ; PR ; IFPRI1; CRP2 ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Since the initiation of the Doi Moi reforms in 1986, it is widely believed that Vietnam's small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have critical characteristics that contribute to the country's impressive economic and social development over recent decades. Specifically, SMEs represent a source of economic growth, savings, job creation, and increased competition. Despite their vast potential, general knowledge on their characteristics as well as the opportunities and constraints they were facing was lacking, thus making it difficult for evidence-based government policy recommendations to be formulated. This chapter sheds light on the Vietnam SME database covering surveys over 2005–15, and represents the basis for the analytical work in books chapters. The authors outline the purpose behind the data collection—including sample design, firm and owner characteristics, attrition—comparing the data with the characteristics of Vietnam's overall enterprise population.

ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide is a comprehensive explanation of the region's bond markets. It provides information such as the history, legal and regulatory framework, specific characteristics of the market, trading and transaction (including settlement systems), and other relevant information. The ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide 2018 Viet Nam is an outcome of the strong support and kind contributions of ASEAN+3 Bond Market Forum members and experts, particularly from Viet Nam.

Economic growth can be seen as one of priorities of the Vietnamese Government in recent years. This article aims to investigate factors affecting economic growth of Viet Nam in the last 40 years (1977-2016). Our results demonstrated that share of exports, foreign direct investment, value added of agriculture, forestry and fishery sector, and ASEAN participation had positive impacts on economic growth, while imports negatively affected economic growth of Viet Nam. Lastly, policies are recommended to the Vietnamese Government to enhance economic growth.

An innovative project supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) will modernize irrigation systems in five drought-prone provinces in the south central coastal and central highland regions of Viet Nam. The Water Efficiency Improvement in Drought-Affected Provinces (WEIDAP) Project embodies a conceptual shift toward irrigation modernization, integrating climate resilience measures and improved agricultural practices.

International audience ; Il y a près de trente ans, le Viêt Nam initiait sa transition vers une économie mixte avec l'adoption de la politique du Doi moi ou Renouveau. Alors que les générations précédentes avaient été marquées par la colonisation, les conflits armés et les difficultés économiques généralisées, la génération qui a aujourd'hui trente ans a grandi dans un pays qui a connu une croissance économique extraordinaire, une amélioration considérable du niveau de vie, une ouverture sur le monde, une entrée dans une économie mondialisée, une transition démographique accélérée et une insertion économique dans des réseaux régionaux et internationaux. S'ils ont été à la fois les témoins, les artisans et les bénéficiaires d'avancées remarquables, les jeunes de trente ans vivent au sein d'une société qui fait face à de nouveaux défis. C'est l'univers social, démographique et économique de cette génération charnière que décrivent et analysent les neuf chapitres de cet ouvrage.Au fil des résultats de recherches, nous prenons la mesure des succès, des questions, des défis, des incertitudes et des obstacles qui marquent aujourd'hui la société vietnamienne. Organisés autour de trois grands thèmes – structure et hétérogénéité de la population, enjeux sanitaires et sociaux et migrations, urbanisation et développement – les neuf chapitres de cet ouvrage brossent un tableau du chemin parcouru au cours des dernières décennies et rendent compte de phénomènes nouveaux ou émergents, dont certains sont encore peu étudiés.