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Historically, the LWVF has devoted the major proportion of its resources to establishing and improving accessible and appropriate prosthetic, orthotic (P&O) and physical rehabilitation services. This is evidenced through its extensive investments in the establishment and maintenance of P&O workshops; promotion of professional training, standards, and accreditation for P&O technicians; and support for increased mobility and physical functioning in general.

In 1985, the Friend-in-Need Society (FINS) pioneered its Jaipur Foot Program to fill a need scarcely affected by government hospitals. Since 1991, USAID, through the Global Bureau's Leahy War Victims Fund (LWVF), has partnered with FINS to extend services to more than 6,000 amputees. Several small private organizations address the physical mobility needs of civilian amputees and other persons with physical disabilities, but the number of prosthetic devices they contribute is quite small compared to the number contributed by FINS, and the cost of their services is beyond the means of the average Sri Lankan. FINS, Sri Lanka's oldest social service organization, remains the single largest provider of prosthetic and orthotic services in Sri Lanka. In 1999, FINS fit 1,402 artificial limbs to beneficiaries. Furthermore, new Jaipur Foot workshops in Batticaloa and unauthorized Jaipur Foot workshops in Mannar are springing up.

Evaluates project to develop a sustainable program to provide orthopedic assistance to Mozambicans disabled by civil war and its lingering after effects -- landmines. Evaluation covers the period 1998-4/02. In 1998, as a result of the establishment of a new unit within the Ministry of Health (MISAU), the Section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SMFR), and recommendations made in a USAID-sponsored evaluation, the program's focus shifted from direct involvement in the management and administration of rehabilitation services to providing TA, long-term training opportunities and support to indigenous disability advocacy groups, with Prosthetic and Orthotic Worldwide Education and Relief (POWER) serving as contractor. The orthoprosthetic rehabilitation centers became the direct responsibility of the provincial and district hospitals in which they were located, and oversight was to be provided by the SMFR. Since that reorganization, the quality and quantity of prosthetic and orthotic services has rapidly declined. Production in the four main orthopedic centers has dropped by more than 51%. In the year 2000, only 309 prostheses were produced in the country, despite a conservative production capacity of more than 1,000 devices per year. The quality of fittings and workmanship has taken an equally startling turn for the worse. Orthopedic services are the responsibility of the MISAU, but they are given lower priority within the ministry compared with other important preventative and curative health issues. As a result, little interest is paid to these programs and scant resources are allocated for them. The challenges facing the rehabilitation sector in Mozambique are not unique. Although the MISAU must continue to play a crucial role in this health issue and service, orthoprosthetics will never be cost-effective enough for the government to absorb within its current health budget and manage within its existing structure. A number of alternative management, administrative, and financial structures have been attempted in other African countries. Several of the more successful options are based on public-private sector partnerships and oversight boards outside of the day-to-day management structure. It is incumbent upon the MISAU to conduct a controlled pilot program to examine the potential benefits of these models.

The fundamental prerogative of humanitarian organizations is to ensure that protection and relief are provided to the most vulnerable: victims of war, illness, genocide, natural disasters, torture, displacement, famines, rape. As part of this endeavor, media-friendly portraits of "the victims" and their rescuers are deployed globally to arouse empathic responses, foster solidarity, legitimize military interventions, and raise funds. Notions of victimhood vary enormously across time and space and are differently framed and contested by a range of actors, religious practices, socio-political, and gender norms. This dictionary entry assesses the humanitarian notion of the victim from a cross-cultural perspective.

By considering various case studies drawn from contemporary culture, I propose the idea of victim-blaming shaming, which, like victim blaming, involves replicating injustice by focusing attention on the particular situation rather than the general problem. In cases of victim-blaming
shaming, a person is criticized for in any way addressing a problem by addressing the victim. Victim-blaming not only involves an inconsistent ethic, but because of this inconsistency promotes that which it opposes. It responds to a social problem by directing attention to an individual within
that problematic social situation.

Following the Republic of Uzbekistan's socioeconomic independence, dramatic changes in society occurred. Despite the fact that this time in the personality society was brief, it opened the ground for a major transition in the Republic's social, political, and psychological existence. In this regard, research into the psychology of the victim as a result of violations in the country's life was also undertaken.