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This article examines the relationship between mental health and wellbeing and unemployment utilising the 1995 National Health Survey (1995 NHS) and the 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing of Adults (1997 SMHWB) data sets. Three indicators of mental health and wellbeing are adopted. The first is a psychological wellbeing measure derived from responses to questions included in the 1995 NHS on time felt down, happy, peaceful, and nervous (the SF‐36 mental health scale). The second indicator relates to diagnoses of mental disorders including substance use disorders, affective disorders and anxiety disorders. Our final indicator relates to suicidal thoughts and plans and (unsuccessful) suicide attempts. On the basis of these measures, unemployed persons exhibit poorer mental health and wellbeing outcomes than the full‐time employed.

Develops a theory of well-being rooted in social action. The dominance of utilitarism & its methodological individualism in thinking of well-being has produced weaknesses: (1) reticence on the autonomy of individual preferences; (2) reticence on the social processes required to make & settle autonomous claims; & (3) equating the maximization of welfare with the summation of individual well-being. A needs-based approach to well-being overcomes these difficulties. Human well-being is circularly linked to social action. Individual well-being produces the social identity of the group, while the quality of social relationships impacts individual well-being. Claimsmaking is a manifestation of needs that disturbs the social order by shifting resources & recognition of a new social identity. In this way, claimsmaking can create change in the structures of society. D. Generoli

Describes the use of schema theory to conceptualize how disaster experience can undermine well‐being and operational performance and discusses how this approach provides a basis for the development of preparatory strategies for promoting worker wellbeing and response effectiveness. Defines specific characteristics of the disaster experience ‐ disaster stressors. Discusses their role in mediating disaster impact and their potential for facilitating the identification of high risk situations, training needs analysis and disaster simulation design. Also discusses selection, training and operational practices in relation to aspects of the disaster experience that elicit a positive and adaptive response.

The present study sought to evaluate the completing claims of the social stress hypothesis and the social selection hypothesis which both claim to explain the relationship between social class and psychopathology. Scores on a self-report measure of psychological wellbeing, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were obtained from a random sample of 581 respondents in Northern Ireland. An analysis of variance comparing majority (Protestant) and minority (Catholic) group males and females at three socioeconomic levels produced a Religion X Social Status interaction. This was due to a trend of increasing symptoms with decreasing social status among Protestants and the reverse phenomenon among Catholics. It was concluded that the results while similar to those reported earlier by Cochrane and Stopes-Roe, provided no clear support for either the social selection hypothesis or the social stress hypothesis but were possibly related to local factors connected with emigration or the ongoing political violence in Northern Ireland.

Social exclusion is the product of the interaction of a wide range of socio-economic, cultural and institutional problems. In order to be successful, these programs should aim to combine - in the real contexts in which they operate - interventions for economic growth that increase the opportunities for the excluded to benefit from them. This paper describes what social exclusion is, the factors causing it and the effects these have on excluded groups as a whole (economic, cultural, political). It also describes different types of intervention, and identifies the steps to take when planning programs against social exclusion.

This Strategy Statement takes account of the changes and developments which have occurred since the publication of the last Statement and in particular reflects the policies set out in the new Programme for Government, An Action Programme for the Millennium. In addition, in drafting the Statement,we have tried to learn from the experience gained in developing the first statement and to be more specific in relation to outcomes Download the Report here