Mrs. Art Werth complains of Catherine May's supposed fiscal inconsistencies in her letter discussing the Hanford NPR reactor and government spending. She claims it is difficult to teach her children how to save money, when their role models are, ".vastly unconcerned about the debts our children and theirs will inherit." May responds with a restatement of her reasons for supporting the Hanford project, and states that such a multi-purpose endeavor has numerous long-term economic advantages.
This article is devoted to the analysis of historical researches of the policy of Christianization of people of Volga region in XVIII- XIX centuries by a contemporary American historian Paul William Werth (Paul William Werth). The historian in his researches shows difficult complex of relationships between central, regional and religious authorities in the formation of religious policy in the region. ; Статья посвящена анализу исторических исследований политики христианизации народов Поволжья в XVIII-XIX вв. современного американского историка Пола Вильяма Верта. Историк в своих исследованиях показывает сложный комплекс взаимоотношений между центральной, местной и духовными властями в формировании религиозной политики в регионе.
In seinem Werther-Aufsatz von 1936 hat Lukács ein bis heute häufig wiederholtes Interpretationsmuster skizziert: Werther als »Repräsentant einer >progressiven Bourgeoisierevolutionären Periode< ihrer frühen ideologischen und ökonomischen Entwicklung«. Das Werk wird von der DDR-Germanistik einem umfassenden Geschichtsprozeß eingeordnet, der Aufklärung, Sturm und Drang und Klassik umfaßt, und bei dem es »um den Aufstieg bürgerlichen Selbstbewußtseins, das Wachstum gesellschaftlicher Einsichten und die Eroberung immer neuer poetischer Provinzen« geht. Reuter betrachtet den Roman in diesem Sinn als »Brennspiegel des gesamten sozialen und politischen Zustandes in Deutschland« des späten 18.Jahrhunderts, wobei Werther im Streben nach allseitiger Entfaltung der menschlichen Persönlichkeit ein »fortgeschrittenes bürgerliches Selbstbewußtsein« vertritt.
Abstract: Background: Reporting on suicide can elicit an increase in suicides, a phenomenon termed the "Werther effect." The name can be traced back to an alleged spike in suicides after the publication of Goethe's novel The Sorrows of Young Werther in 1774, in which the protagonist Werther dies by suicide. Aims: Acknowledging the importance and primacy of systematic ecological and individual-level studies, we provide a historical single-case report of the suicide of a "late arrival of the Werther epidemic," as the death was headlined in a news report in 1927. Method: Archival research on tenor Paul Vidal's suicide was conducted. Results: Vidal reconstructed the scene of the final act of the opera Werther in his apartment and died by a gunshot, as did Werther. Limitations: Causal interpretations must be made with caution. Conclusion: Striking similarities between Werther's and Vidal's deaths support the idea of strong identification with the fictional narrative and suggest causal effects. Considering the repeated high level of immersiveness and the intense emotions of opera performances, it is likely that performing the role of Werther increases identification processes, contributing to detrimental effects. The lack of knowledge regarding the role of fictional suicide stories on artists' suicides is discussed.
Abstract. Background: Alfred Redl, a colonel in the Imperial and Royal General Staff and Deputy Director of Military Intelligence for the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was a leading figure of pre-World War I spying. The "spy of the century," as he has been called, died by suicide in Vienna on May 25, 1913. It was a big news story based on espionage, sex, and betrayal. Aim: We aimed to test whether this celebrity suicide elicited an increase in suicides – a phenomenon consistent with the "Werther effect." Method: Given daily suicide numbers were not available, we conducted archival research. Civil death registers for the city of Vienna were used to identify suicides before and after Redl's suicide. Results: The analysis indicated that more people died by suicide in the immediate aftermath and that the quantity of news reporting on Colonel Redl predicted the number of suicides per day – a pattern that is consistent with the Werther effect. Limitations: Causal interpretations are limited. Conclusion: Given the fact that the "Redl affair" is relevant for many scientific disciplines, we discuss multiple contributions to suicide research, history, media research, and research on intelligence and counter-intelligence.
ZusammenfassungJedes Jahr sterben in Deutschland mehr als 9000 Menschen durch Suizid. Zu den wichtigsten Präventionsmaßnahmen zählt die Weltgesundheitsorganisation eine verantwortungsvolle Medienberichterstattung über Suizide. Hintergrund hierfür sind Erkenntnisse zum "Werther-" bzw. "Papageno-Effekt", wonach die Medienberichterstattung über Suizide zur Entstehung oder Verhinderung weiterer Suizide beitragen kann und vor allem die Art und Weise der Berichterstattung über die Richtung der Effekte entscheidet. Aus suizidpräventiver und medienethischer Sicht scheint es daher sinnvoll, dass Medienschaffende über die möglichen Konsequenzen ihrer Berichterstattung Bescheid wissen, um diese bei ihrem Handeln berücksichtigen zu können. In der Journalistenausbildung besteht grundsätzlich ausreichend Raum für die Vermittlung solcher Inhalte. Allerdings ist zum Stellenwert suizidrelevanter Medieneffekte in der deutschen Journalistenausbildung bislang wenig bekannt. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht mit Hilfe einer Telefonbefragung von Verantwortlichen zentraler Institutionen der außerredaktionellen Journalistenausbildung (n = 67), welche Rolle die Suizidberichterstattung im Allgemeinen und die Effekte im Speziellen in Deutschland spielen. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die Themen in vielen Bildungsangeboten bislang allenfalls unregelmäßig behandelt werden. Jedoch bestehen auf Seiten der Einrichtungen grundsätzlich Interesse und Offenheit, aber auch zusätzlicher Informationsbedarf, was in Zukunft genutzt bzw. thematisiert werden sollte.
Abstract. Background: Suicide rates increased substantially in many countries during the 19th century. Little is known about news coverage on suicide in this period and its relationship to suicide rates. Aims: To test whether there was a covariation between the quantity of reporting and suicide rates and whether the press relied on sensational reporting. Method: A content analysis of Austrian news coverage between 1819 and 1944 was conducted and compared with contemporary findings. Results: There were similar corresponding troughs and peaks in both time series, indicative of covariation. The analysis revealed that variations in the quantity of reporting predicted the following year's suicide rates, a pattern consistent with a long-term Werther effect. Conversely, suicide rates did not predict future values of the quantity of reporting. Furthermore, the press substantially overrepresented "vivid" firearm suicides compared with other more "pallid" methods such as drowning, indicative of sensational reporting. Limitations: The causal order of the quantity of reporting and suicide rates should be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: The press may have contributed to the establishment of suicide as a mass phenomenon in the 19th century. The contemporary comparison is indicative of temporal stability.
Abstract This study analyzes the "sick-lit" narrative phenomenon, a story writing genre rooted in self-harm and suicide, which seems to be gaining remarkable popularity amongst adolescents. This success is a symptom of young people's need to address the issue of death. The qualitative research was composed of two parts: the first explored the ambivalent representation of sick-lit on the internet, where two opposing factions argue about its educative usefulness vs. its potentially dangerous copycat effect. The second part investigated six novels and their representations of self-harm, death, sufferance and suicide. The analysis confuted the idea that sick-lit may be a positive instrument for making adolescents aware of mortality and showed the need to transform the Werther risk effect into the Papageno possibility by exploring the content of these books with adolescents in death education courses.
PURPOSE: Suicide is a major health problem in Korea. Extensive media exposure of celebrity suicide may induce imitative suicide, a phenomenon called the Werther effect. We examined the increased suicide risk following the suicides of an entertainer and a politician, and identified the relative suicide risks. METHODS: News articles about the celebrity suicides were obtained from three major newspapers and analysed for quantitative and qualitative features. Imitative suicide risk was investigated by applying a Poisson time series autoregression model with suicide mortality data from the National Statistics Office for 1.5 years before and 1.5 years after each celebrity's suicide. The period with a significantly increased number of suicides immediately after the celebrity's suicide determined the Werther effect band. The relative risk during this period was examined for different ages, genders, and suicide methods. RESULTS: News reports were more numerous and they contained more positive definitions about the entertainer's suicide. The risk of suicide deaths rose markedly after both celebrity suicides. However, the Werther effect band was longer for the entertainer (6 weeks) than for the politician (4 weeks). The relative suicide risk was significant for almost all ages and both genders during that of both individuals. Use of the same suicide method was a prominent risk factor after both celebrity suicides. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the existence of imitative suicide behaviours, suggesting a facilitation effect of media reports. Guidelines for responsible media reporting need to be implemented to enhance public mental health in Korea. ; open
This essay serves as the introduction to the authors' translation of Karl Knies' essay "Die nationaloekonomische Lehre vom Werth" (1855). Knies is one of the acknowledged founders of the Older German Historical School, and yet in recent years several writers have described his 1855 essay as seminal in the evolution of marginal utility analysis. The authors examine how Knies develops his nascent theory of marginal reasoning in his essay, arguing that rather than cling to his earlier historicist programmatic, Knies attempts to discover general laws; however, not by strict causal analysis but by a typical 'German art' of taxonomy and classification that resembles juridical argumentations. This results in an ambiguous text, which influenced several marginalist pioneers who studied under Knies at Heidelberg (including Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Friedrich von Wieser, and John Bates Clark), as well as several members of the Younger German Historical School (including Gustav von Schmoller).
Léon Werth, écrivain pacifiste et sympathisant socialiste profondément marqué par le traumatisme de la Première Guerre Mondiale, a rendu compte dans un ouvrage intitulé «Cochinchine», publié en 1926, d'un séjour effectué en 1924 dans ce qui était alors une colonie française d'Indochine. Témoignage authentique d'une expérience personnelle en même temps qu'œuvre littéraire, Cochinchine exprime une condamnation morale du colonialisme, profondément radicale et nouvelle à l'époque. L'article présente la méthode et les principaux apports et limites de l'ouvrage, et le situe par rapport au contexte historique et à la littérature anticolonialiste de l'époque.
Résumé Sans négliger la possibilité de considérer la littérature comme une source d'information météorologique, c'est comme révélateur anthropologique qu'elle est appréhendée ici, à travers deux romans majeurs de la littérature européenne, La Nouvelle Héloïse de Rousseau et Les Souffrances du jeune Werther de Goethe. Le propos est de prendre à la lettre (et un peu avant la lettre pour Rousseau) l'expression Sturm und Drang (tempête et assaut), nom donné au premier romantisme allemand. On tente de montrer comment, à partir de la tempête sur le lac de La Nouvelle Héloïse (le « séchard » du Léman), de la tempête ( Sturm ) et de l'orage ( Gewitter ) de Werther , la tempête extérieure est intériorisée comme métaphore de la passion et, plus généralement, de l'instabilité douloureuse de la condition humaine. On voit pourtant dans cette crise qui révèle à l'homme sa solitude l'occasion de fonder un espace qui lui revient en propre, la terre, espace dont il est désormais, en l'absence de recours à la transcendance, l'unique responsable.
Análisis estético, sociológico y político de la obra de Goethe Las desventuras del joven Werther, partiendo de las tesis estético-literarias de Georg Lukács, claramente influenciadas por Friedrich Schiller, y de las consideraciones que el mismo Goethe realizó posteriormente acerca de su vida y obra en su inconclusa autobiografía Poesía y verdad. El objetivo es realizar un pequeño estudio de la obra pero, en especial, del tipo de sujeto que ejemplifica su personaje principal: el sujeto del humanismo burgués revolucionario, un sujeto que podemos caracterizar en palabras de Lukács como demoníaco y que, por su estructura constitutiva, está condenado al fracaso de sus expectativas vitales. ; Aesthetic, sociological and political analysis of Goethe's work The misfortunes of the young Werther, departing from the aesthetic-literary thesis of Georg Lukács, clearly influenced by Friedrich Schiller, and from the considerations that the same Goethe brings later in his unfinished autobiography Poetry and Truth. The aim of this article is to realize a small study of the work but, specially, of the type of subject that its principal carácter exemplifies: the subject of the revolutionary bourgeois humanism, a kind of subject that we could depict in words of Lukács, as demonic an that, for its constitutive structure, is condemned to the failure of his vital expectations.
