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By skipping managers and appealing directly to politicians, whistleblowers can play a critical role in revealing organizational information. However, the protection of whistleblowers can affect managers' abilities to provide employees with incentives to exert effort. This paper explores this tradeoff with a model of agency decision-making under incomplete information. In the game, an employee's effort determines a project's quality, and a manager chooses whether to approve the project and discipline the employee. The employee and politician wish for only "good" projects to be approved. By whistleblowing, an employee reveals the quality to a politician outside of the organization, who may override the manager's decision. A key finding is that from the politician's perspective, the benefits of whistleblower protections depend on the preferences of the manager. If the manager is inclined toward approving projects, then the costs of lower employee effort may outweigh the informational benefits of whistleblowing. The optimal policy may then be to ban whistleblowing. By contrast, when the manager is inclined toward rejecting projects, whistleblower protections prevent him or her from suppressing effort and are unambiguously beneficial.

The author analyses different systems of whistleblowing from a criminal point of view. After giving a short overview of different systems of legislation dealing with whistleblowing, the author focuses on the question, under which circumstances the whistleblower commits a crime, an offence or a misdemeanour in the German law system by going outside, revealing wrongdoing. The examination ends with an addendum about questions concerning German criminal procedure law.

Whistleblowing, whistleblowing-system. - The author analyses different systems of whistleblowing from a criminal point of view. After giving a short overview of different systems of legislation dealing with whistleblowing, the author focuses on the question, under which circumstances the whistleblower commits a crime, an offence or a misdemeanour in the German law system by going outside, revealing wrongdoing. The examination ends with an addendum about questions concerning German criminal procedure law.

Inhaltsübersicht; Inhaltsverzeichnis; Teil 1: Einleitung 1; A. Einführung 1; I. Begriffsbestimmung 1; II. Gesellschaftliche und rechtliche Bewertung in den USA 2; III. Vereinbarkeit mit der deutschen Rechtskultur 3; 1. Gesellschaftliche Bewertung 3; 2. Rechtliche Bewertung 4; B. Gegenstand und Ziel der Untersuchung 5; I. Status des Anzeigenden 5; II. Identität des Anzeigenden 5; III. Qualität des angezeigten Verhaltens 6; IV. Status des Anzeigenempfängers 6; V. Verursacher des angezeigten Verhaltens 7; VI. Eingrenzung 7; C. Methodische Umsetzung 8

This Article examines the relationship among whistleblowing, corporations, and international peace. The Author attempts to establish that whistleblowing is a vital part of transparency and good government. In Part II, the Author examines the rationale for whistleblowing. Part III addresses the cultural dimensions of whistleblowing and its practicability for global organizations. Finally, the Author looks at the advantages of whistleblowing in relation to both corporations and peace efforts.