Suchergebnisse

Background Humans are regularly exposed to metals and metalloids present in air, water, food, soil and domestic materials. Most of them can cross the placental barrier and cause adverse impacts on the developing foetus. Objectives To describe the prenatal concentrations of metals and metalloids and to study the associated sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors in pregnant Spanish women. Methods Subjects were 1346 pregnant women of the INMA Project, for whom the following metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn) were determined in urine, at both the first and the third trimesters of gestation. Sociodemographic, dietary and environmental information was collected through questionnaires during pregnancy. Multiple linear mixed models were built in order to study the association between each metal and metalloid concentrations and the sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors. Results The most detected compounds were As, Co, Mo, Sb, Se and Zn at both trimesters. Zn was the element found in the highest concentrations at both trimesters and Tl was detected in the lowest concentrations. We observed significant associations between As, Cd, Cu, Sb, Tl and Zn concentrations and working situation, social class and age. Seafood, meat, fruits, nuts, vegetables and alcohol intake affected the levels of all the metals but Cd and Cu. Proximity to industrial areas, fields and air pollution were related to all metals except Cd, Sb and Se. Conclusions This is the first large prospective longitudinal study on the exposure to metals and metalloids during pregnancy and associated factors to include several cohorts in Spain. The present study shows that some modifiable lifestyles, food intakes and environmental factors could be associated with prenatal exposure to metal(loid)s, which may be considered in further studies to assess their relationship with neonatal health outcomes. ; This study was funded by Grants from EU (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5–1); Spain: ISCIII (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041; FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/0867, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/00090, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI13/02187, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI17/00663, PI18/01142 and PI19/1338; Miguel Servet FEDER MS15/00025, MS20/0006, CPII16/00051, and FIS-FSE: 17/ 00260); CIBERESP; Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15–230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), AICO/2020/285, and Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017; Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241; Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089 and 2015111065); Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001 and DFG15/221). We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023" Programme (CEX2018000806-S), and from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Programme, as well as the municipalities in the study area. ; Peer reviewed

Este trabajo reclama la pertinencia de una práctica epistemológica feminista de la conciliación, capaz de aunar sensibilidades y quehaceres modernos y posmodernos. Esta mirada conciliadora permite abordar en su amplia complejidad las relaciones entre las dimensiones macroestructurales, mesoinstitucionales y microencarnadas de las vidas de las mujeres, así como transitar los actuales debates en torno a la (in)validez de las categorías de género y mujer. Para ello, se toma como referencia de partida la Teoría del Punto de Vista de Sandra Harding, paradigma de la nueva epistemología feminista y foco de discrepancias científicas y políticas entre los propios feminismos. A partir de la propuesta de Harding, se analizan críticamente las tensiones feministas que esta teoría plantea y que apuntan hacia ciertos riesgos esencialistas y universalistas y, al mismo tiempo, hacia posibles derivas individualistas o relativistas. Se sugiere entonces el encuentro de esta Teoría del Punto de Vista con un enfoque posmoderno que la complejice y actualice al calor de las actuales discusiones feministas. Ya desde este punto de vista posmoderno, se plantean una serie de enmiendas para afinar la mirada epistemológica feminista: enfrentar el relato único sobre las mujeres a partir de sus diversas experiencias; explorar las distintas experiencias encarnadas para conectarlas y analizarlas en contexto, esto es, sujetas a las relaciones estructurales de poder; sustituir el privilegio epistémico automático por una preferencia crítica y argumentada por las experiencias y relatos de las mujeres; y, finalmente, poner en valor las experiencias y relatos de la propia investigadora para orientar el estudio y, también, exponer los privilegios y limitaciones de su punto de vista. ; This essay claims the relevance of a feminist epistemological practice of conciliation, capable of bringing together modern and postmodern sensibilities and works. This conciliatory gaze makes it possible to address the relationships between the macro-structural, meso-institutional and micro-incarnate dimensions of women's lives in their broad complexity, as well as to go through the current debates on the (in)validity of the categories of gender and woman. To this end, Sandra Harding's Standpoint Theory, a paradigm of the new feminist epistemology and the focus of scientific and political discrepancies between feminisms themselves, is taken as a starting point. Based on Harding's proposal, a critical analysis is made of the feminist tensions that this theory raises. These tensions point to certain essentialist and universalist risks and, at the same time, to possible individualist or relativist drifts. It is then suggested that this Standpoint Theory should meet with a postmodern approach that would make it more complex and update it in the eyes of current feminist discussions. From this postmodern standpoint, a series of amendments are proposed to refine the feminist epistemological gaze: to confront the single narrative about women from their diverse experiences; to explore the different embodied experiences to connect and analyse them in context, that is, subjected to structural power relations; to replace automatic epistemic privilege with a critical and argued preference for women's experiences and narratives; and, finally, to value the experiences and stories of the researcher to guide the study and, also, to expose the privileges and limitations of their own point of view.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the moderating power of time of unemployment in the relationship between work values and psychological well-being. The sample consisted of 265 unemployed individuals, 77 men and 188 women with an average age of 27 years (SD = 7.21), with complete secondary education in 48% of the total sample. The following data collection instruments were applied: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Flourishing Scale and the Work Intrinsic Values Scale. The results of hierarchical regression analyses show that time of unemployment acts as a moderator in the relationship between the work values and the psychological well-being, so that the longer the unemployment duration the greater the individual's psychological well-being. Consequently, the shorter the period of unemployment, more intense is the feeling of negative emotions. The result yield three important contributions: demonstration of the association between work values and psychological well-being of unemployed; identification that the period of unemployment is an important moderator to understand the unemployed well-being and review of the issue of unemployment in the social and political field in times of recession.

Background Nursing should have a fundamental role in the development of health policies. The current state of the educational system regarding leadership-related skills and political competence in nursing students is a field to explore. Objectives To explore Spanish nursing students' perceptions about their political competence. Design Cross-sectional study that was carried out between December 2019 and June 2020. Settings and participants Students of the Degree in Nursing at the Universitat Jaume I (Spain). Methods An ad hoc scale composed of 33 items was designed. Sociodemographic variables of interest for the study were collected, such as participation in organizations. A descriptive analysis of the sample and the scale and a bivariate analysis were carried out. Results 91.8% (n = 90) of items were answered by women. The 2nd (40.8%, n = 40) and 4th (29.6%, n = 29) courses were the most represented. 29.6% (n = 29) belonged to some association or organization, with sports (31.1%, n = 9), NGOs (17.2%, n = 5), cultural (17.2%, n = 5) and student organizations (13.8%, n = 4) being the most represented. Within these associations, 48.3% (n = 14) of participants claimed to have an active role. Statistically significant differences were observed by course in the Political Knowledge category (p = 0.030). The variables "belonging to an organization" and "having an active role" in it seemed to have more influence on the scale than the rest of the sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Learning strategies must benefit from skills and prior experiences of students to strengthen new learning. It also seems to be important to emphasize that the theoretical basis is important, but that promoting civic participation among students can be very relevant for the acquisition of political competence.