This diagnostic has been conducted with the sole purpose of serving the ongoing development of social protection policy in the country. It is the Bank's hope that the report will be useful for social protection policy development as intended. The Bank has not agreed with the government to invest in the civil registration and identification sector. The government may consider the use of this report for the activities it will undertake to seek support from the international donor community for such an investment. The report is organized into the following sections: section one gives introduction. Section two examines the identity ecosystem in Central African Republic (CAR) and presents the stakeholders on the supply and demand sides, the identity schemes, the legal framework, and the specific post-crisis identity context; and section three presents the analysis conducted by the World Bank Group and details the main recommendations to build on so social protection actors can promote an efficient and reliable identity ecosystem that can serve the entire Central African population, starting from the most vulnerable.
The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Lebanon.
The geo-economy presents Lebanon with challenges associated with being a nexus for regional fault lines and risks from its dependence on capital inflows. Despite markedly improved security conditions since the start of 2015, anxiety over regional turmoil and potential spillover effectspersist. All the while, Lebanon continues to be, by far, the largest host of Syrian refugees (in proportion to the population). In addition, the economy's dependence on its diaspora to finance internal and external imbalances exposes Lebanon to economic and political conditions beyond its influence. Despite these challenges and risks, the political process remains impaired with the vacant presidency completing its second year with uncertain prospects of a near-term resolution. On the other hand, a short-term solution has been found to the garbage crisis that has left piles of trash uncollected on the streets across the country since summer 2015. The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development.
The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Lebanon continues to be impacted by the domestic political stalemate and regional turmoil, particularly along its border with Syria. Economic activity picked up in the second half of 2014. Stronger economic performance and lower oil prices pushed real GDP growth to an estimated 2.0 percent in 2014, compared to 0.9 percent in 2013. One-off cosmetic and unsustainable measures rather than policy actions helped improve the fiscal balance in 2014. We estimate the overall fiscal deficit to have declined by 2.3 percentage points. Declining imports lead an improvement in the current account balance. In 2014, a fall in merchandize imports induced a 4.4 pp reduction in the current account deficit to a still-elevated 22.2 percent of GDP. This trend is projected to continue in 2015 helped by falling oil prices and a depreciating euro, Headline inflation plummeted from 2.7 percent in 2013 to 1.9 percent in 2014 and is expected to remain tempered over the medium term. Lebanon s economy continues to be exposed to external shocks. The border with Syria is increasingly menacing as coordinated attacks by ISIS and Al Nusra are being launched more frequently from their bases in Syria. Inefficiencies in power generation impose sizable macroeconomic costs on Lebanon. The Lebanese electricity sector has been underperforming for decades with considerable socio-economic costs. The macroeconomic impact has been massive.
This report is the product of a comprehensive study on Benin. It highlights the country s geographical and economic situation and concentrates in particular on environmental conditions and the challenges facing Benin. This report covers the financing of priority environmental activities, as well as allocations to programs designed to improve the environment and living conditions of the population. The environmental analysis of Benin seeks to help the Government integrate the environment into policy formulation by analyzing cross-cutting aspects and the challenges of implementing sound environmental management, and creating a platform for strengthening the country s capacities in order to facilitate sustainable natural resource and environmental management. To this end, a number of measures have been recommended, among them the establishment of effective policies and institutions based on sound governance and improved effectiveness, and the mobilization of financing for environmental protection and natural resource management. The study includes the analysis of a case study on three cities: Porto-Novo, Cotonou, and Parakou, and examines the impact of environmental problems and environmental management challenges on these cities.
The Country Opinion Survey in Algeria assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Algeria perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Algeria on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Algeria; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Algeria; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Algeria; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Algeria.
Ce document est une version préprint de l'article publié dans la revue Hermès. Conformément à la politique de publication de ladite revue, la version "finale" de l'article, c'est à dire prenant en compte les modifications demandées par les referees et le secrétariat de rédaction ne pourra être disponible que dans deux ans. Il est cependant possible d'en obtenir un tiré à part en m'adressant une demande par mail. ; International audience ; Social networks sites (SNS) allow us to catalogue human beings. This world catalogue of digital identities that search engines can crawl and index, raises the problem of human being profiles relevance. Those social networks sites and search engines indexing public informations but also private or intimate data can easily track our intentions, our social relationships. They have a very deep understanding of what the sum of our online documents reveals of us. After the arrival of an merchant indexation (sponsored links), after social and collaborative indexation (folksonomies), it is today necessary to question the process that makes human beings the center of documentary cycle, as simple documents . among others. ; Les réseaux sociaux posent aujourd'hui, au sens propre, la question documentaire appliquée au facteur humain. La gestion des identités numériques laisse entrevoir la constitution d'un pan-catalogue des individualités humaines, ouvert à l'indexation par les moteurs de recherche, et pose ainsi la question de la pertinence des profils humains. Ceux qui aujourd'hui indexent indistinctement des informations de nature publique, privée ou intime ont une connaissance très fine de « ce que dit de nous » la somme des documents dont nous sommes entièrement ou partiellement responsables. Il devient nécessaire de questionner le processus qui après avoir ouvert l'indexation à la marchandisation, après l'avoir parée de vertus « sociales », place aujourd'hui l'homme au centre même du cycle documentaire, non plus comme sujet-acteur, mais comme un objet-documentaire . parmi d'autres. ...
Le World University Service, organisation internationale créée en 1920, oeuvrait dans trois dominaines distincts: l´eduction, l´aide au développement et les droits de l´homme. Dans les années 1950, son champ d´activité principal se recentra sur les pays du Sud, soit l´Asie, l´Afrique et l´Amérique Latine. Dans cet article, nous analysons les activités philanthoropiques du Amérique Latine á partir des annéss 1970, pour nous attacher aux caractérisiques de ses différents programmes d´assistances, de son organigramme, de l´origine des fonds recueilles et des objectifs des politiques que l´organisation a mises en places. ; The World University Service was an international organization, created in 1920, which worked in three distinctive areas: education, development and human rights. From the 1950s its main area of activity veered towards Southern countries, in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In this paper we analyze the philanthropic work of WUS in Latin America from the seventies of the twentieth century, characterizing the variety of assistance programs, organizational structure, the source of funding and policy objectives. ; Fil: Bayle, Paola Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina ; Fil: Navarro, Juan José. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina
"L'Initiative pour l'eÌ?limination mondiale de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale contribue aux efforts mondiaux visant aÌ? l'obtention des objectifs du MilleÌ?naire pour le deÌ?veloppement (OMD) 4 (ReÌ?duire la mortaliteÌ? infantile), 5 (AmeÌ?liorer la santeÌ? maternelle) et 6 (Combattre le virus de l'immunodeÌ?ficience humaine (VIH)/ le syndrome d'immunodeÌ?ficience acquise (sida), le paludisme et d'autres maladies). La surveillance, le suivi et l'eÌ?valuation constituent conjointement l'un des quatre piliers essentiels des efforts visant aÌ? eÌ?liminer la syphilis congeÌ?nitale. Le preÌ?sent outil de surveillance, de suivi et d'eÌ?valuation a eÌ?teÌ? conçu pour eÌ'tre utiliseÌ? aux niveaux mondial, reÌ?gional et national par les professionnels de la santeÌ? publique qui sont responsables des efforts visant aÌ? eÌ?liminer la syphilis congeÌ?nitale. Le preÌ?sent document a pour objet de fournir des indica- tions sur les principaux indicateurs aÌ? utiliser dans le cadre des efforts d'eÌ?limination de la syphilis congeÌ?- nitale (ESC) dans les ReÌ?gions et pays ; ils sont harmoniseÌ?s avec les systeÌ€mes de recueil de donneÌ?es existants et peuvent eÌ'tre inteÌ?greÌ?s aÌ? ceux-ci, afin de renforcer les systeÌ€mes d'information sous-jacents. L'utilisation d'indicateurs et d'outils communs au niveau mondial par les ReÌ?gions et les pays facilitera la comparabiliteÌ? des donneÌ?es obtenues entre pays, permettra l'instauration d'un suivi reÌ?gional et mondial des efforts visant aÌ? l'eÌ?limination de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale, ameÌ?liorera la prestation des services et contribuera aÌ? la reÌ?alisation des OMD." --p. vi ; Remerciements -- AbreÌ?viations i -- ReÌ?sumeÌ? d'orientation -- Introduction -- Public viseÌ? et utilisation du preÌ?sent outil -- Principes directeurs pour les activiteÌ?s de suivi et d'eÌ?valuation de l'eÌ?limination de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale -- Soutien politique pour le suivi et l'eÌ?valuation de l'eÌ?limination mondiale de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale -- Pourquoi les donneÌ?es sur l'eÌ?limination de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale sont importantes -- Indicateurs pour le suivi et l'eÌ?valuation de l'eÌ?limination de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale -- Recueil des donneÌ?es pour le suivi et l'eÌ?valuation de l'eÌ?limination de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale -- Analyse des donneÌ?es -- Diffusion des donneÌ?es relatives aÌ? l'eÌ?limination congeÌ?nitale de la syphilis -- ReÌ?feÌ?rences bibliographiques. -- Appendice A: DeÌ?finitions et descriptions des indicateurs ; Le preÌ?sent document repose sur une seÌ?rie de consultations techniques organiseÌ?es par l'OMS sur le suivi et l'eÌ?valuation de l'eÌ?limination de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale: Consultation technique OMS/CDC : L'eÌ?limination mondiale de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale, GeneÌ€ve (Suisse), 10-12 juillet 2007; Consultation technique OMS/CDC : Argumentation pour l'eÌ?limination de la syphilis congeÌ?- nitale dans le cadre de l'ameÌ?lioration de l'acceÌ€s et de la qualiteÌ? des soins preÌ?natals inteÌ?- greÌ?s, Ferney-Voltaire (France), 24-25 juin 2008; VideÌ?oconfeÌ?rence OMS/CDC : Identification des indicateurs de suivi et d'eÌ?valuation de l'Initiative pour l'eÌ?limination mondiale de la syphilis congeÌ?nitale, GeneÌ€ve (Suisse), 13 mai 2009. ; English language version: World Health Organization. Methods for surveillance and monitoring of congenital syphilis elimination within existing systems. Geneva, Switzerland : World Health Organization, 2011 ; Available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (1.11 MB, 36 p.). ; ReÌ?feÌ?rences bibliographiques p. 13. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 11-12).
Since the new millennium, installation art has been at the heart of Chinese contemporary art. It enables Chinese artists to create 'transcultural' and 'dialectic' spaces, and deconstruct essentialist approaches between 'East' and 'West' that are present in contemporary art discourse. Installations have also been adopted to explore art and traditional and ancient Chinese thought. Some Chinese artists have conquered the international art scene through some monumental installations in renowned exhibitions. Born in the Western world, installation art emerged in China in 1985. Its history has been eventful, depending on the political and economic context. Installation art has a particular place in Chinese art because some of its founding principles, which were defined during the 1960s in the United States, resonate with those of Chinese literati painting. The development of installations in China leads to discussions about the encounters between the Occidental world and Chinese world. Today many artists use artistic approaches of 'self-cultural appropriation' via internationally celebrated installations. What have been the consequences of the introduction of installation art – arising from the West – in China? To what extent has this artistic practice been considered as a liberating influence? What are the issues inherited by today's Chinese installations? To answer these questions the history of installation art in China will be recounted, then resonances between installation art and literati painting will be enunciated, and finally some recent installations will be identified to reveal similarities amidst their diversity. AbstraiteDepuis le nouveau millénaire, les installations en art contemporain sont situées au coeur de l'art contemporain chinois. Elles permettent aux artistes chinois de créer des espaces « transculturels » et « dialectiques » et de déconstruire les approches essentialistes entre « Orient » et « Occident » présentes dans les discours de l'art contemporain. Les installations ont également été largement adoptées pour explorer l'art et la pensée traditionnelle et antique chinoise. Des artistes chinois ont conquis la scène artistique internationale à travers des installations monumentales dans des manifestations de renom. Les installations, issues du monde occidental, ont émergé en Chine en 1985. Leur histoire a été mouvementée au gré du contexte politique et économique. Elles ont une place particulière dans le monde chinois artistique car certains de leurs principes fondateurs, définis dans les années 1960 aux États-Unis, résonnent avec ceux de la peinture chinoise lettrée. Le développement des installations en Chine mène à des discussions sur les rencontres entre monde occidental et monde chinois. Aujourd'hui, de nombreux artistes emploient des démarches artistiques d'« auto-appropriation culturelle » par le biais d'installations qui sont appréciées à l'échelle internationale. Quelles ont été les conséquences de l'introduction des installations en Chine provenant du monde occidental ? Dans quelles mesures cette pratique artistique a-t-elle pu être considérée comme une « influence libératrice » ? De quels enjeux les installations en Chine sont-elles les héritières aujourd'hui ? Pour répondre à ces questions, l'histoire des installations en Chine sera retracée, ensuite résonances entre installation et peinture lettrée seront énoncées et enfin des installations actuelles seront identifiées pour rendre compte d'affinités dans leur diversité.
National audience ; This article explores the human/inhuman couple in front of contemporary politics in France. It examines four squares: politics, identity, economics and the squaring of texts. It is a question of thinking with the historian and the political sciences tools, on the situation which is ours, on the eve of important elections. ; Cet article explore le couple humain/inhumain au regard de la politique contemporaine en France, il examine quatre quadrature : politique, identitaire, économique et la quadrature des textes. Il s'agit de réfléchir avec les outils de l'historien et des sciences politiques à la situation qui est la notre la vielle d'échéances électorales importantes.
The spatial visuality of comics has received substantial attention from comics' scholars and, more recently, from cultural and political geographers. These have shown how reading comics is an embodied, codified, learnt and culturally-situated activity. Viewer involvement takes place through the distinctive devices, vocabulary and grammar of comics: parts are observed while the whole is sensed and constructed. In this experimental academic comic, I explore how this active involvement might help orient critical geographical practices. Comics' specific visuality makes readers labour to produce meaning, translating the spatiality of two-dimensional sequential images into four-dimensional narrative, what Dittmer has called 'a map of time' (2010). Methodologically, I use détournement (Debord 1956) to build a visual argument that combines a text-based scholarly literature review with a limited corpus of pre-existing images taken from two recent popular Italian comics to tell a story. Reading between images, texts and gutters makes concrete the paradoxical materiality of words and discursivity of images, while building upon a purposefully limited visual corpus. This dialogue of images and words results in a call for an empathic geography, connecting bodies and experiences visually, suitable for representing a fragmented world built upon making sense of a diversity of viewpoints.
