Suchergebnisse

This article critically analyzes the practice of victim‐offender mediation in district courts in Indonesia, an approach that incorporates the values of indigenous cultures and is compatible with Islamic teachings. The authors highlight the principles of child protection in Indonesia, examine the changing paradigm of legal professionals from retributive to restorative justice, elaborate on legal reforms in handling juvenile offenders, and identify constraints that hamper the implementation of victim‐offender mediation. A case study illustrates the current practice of victim‐offender mediation in the Indonesian courts.

In a series of decisions concerning child defendants, the United States Supreme Court has embraced the understanding, based on adolescent brain development, that the legal system must recognize children are different than adults concerning criminal culpability and sentencing. That recognition, culminating in Miller v. Alabama and Montgomery v. Louisiana, led to the opportunity for thousands of individuals across the country, initially sentenced to death-in-prison sentences when they were minors, to gain a meaningful opportunity for release. These cases permanently banned mandatory life sentences for children. In Virginia, the legislature now allows reconsideration of these cases through hearings before the parole board, through which the agency can consider these individuals for early release from incarceration. The legislature mandated that the parole board consider the attributes of youth not previously considered in these individuals' original sentencings. This article explores the ways in which some of these young people have engaged in a journey of redemption that has led to their release on parole. As a society, we have been overly reliant on extreme punishment and law enforcement to address our failure to protect and support children in marginalized communities. Some states are finally beginning to recognize the flawed logic underlying these practices. Virginia has made positive strides to reform the juvenile criminal legal system. The legislature mandated that courts consider adverse childhood experiences, foster-care involvement, and other hardships before sentencing young people to prison. These reforms are a step towards developing evidence-based responses to criminal involvement that hold young people accountable and consider the root causes of their criminal involvement.

Purpose -- Gang affiliation is strongly associated with youth crime. Although gang prevention, intervention and suppression programmes have been used to reduce affiliation and manage youth gang-related activities, the effectiveness of these approaches is questionable. Further, comprehensive programmes supporting disengagement from gangs that also address the actual criminal behaviours of gang-affiliated youth are rare. Arguably, these are necessary if the goal of intervention is to reduce criminal behaviour and support disengagement from gangs. This paper aims to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach -- This study sought to elucidate the criminogenic needs of gang- and nongang-affiliated youth offenders (n = 165) using two commonly used risk/need assessment instruments, the structured assessment of violence risk in youth (SAVRY) and the youth level of service/case management inventory (YLS/CMI). Findings -- The results revealed that gang- and nongang-affiliated youth offenders had similar criminogenic need profiles except for one difference on an item measuring peer delinquency. Practical implications -- Gang-affiliated youth offenders have comparable criminogenic needs to other youth offenders. These needs require intervention if a reduction in crime is desired, and since gang-affiliated youth offenders are more likely to re-offend than those that are nongang-affiliated, these results also suggest that there may be additional needs, beyond those assessed by the SAVRY and YLS/CMI, which should be investigated and considered in rehabilitation programmes. Originality/value -- Few studies have directly compared the risk and needs profiles between gang- and nongang-affiliated youth offenders using standardised risk assessment measures; this study may be relevant to professionals working in the juvenile justice and offender rehabilitation arenas. Adapted from the source document.

PurposeGang affiliation is strongly associated with youth crime. Although gang prevention, intervention and suppression programmes have been used to reduce affiliation and manage youth gang‐related activities, the effectiveness of these approaches is questionable. Further, comprehensive programmes supporting disengagement from gangs that also address the actual criminal behaviours of gang‐affiliated youth are rare. Arguably, these are necessary if the goal of intervention is to reduce criminal behaviour and support disengagement from gangs. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study sought to elucidate the criminogenic needs of gang‐ and nongang‐affiliated youth offenders (n=165) using two commonly used risk/need assessment instruments, the structured assessment of violence risk in youth (SAVRY) and the youth level of service/case management inventory (YLS/CMI).FindingsThe results revealed that gang‐ and nongang‐affiliated youth offenders had similar criminogenic need profiles except for one difference on an item measuring peer delinquency.Practical implicationsGang‐affiliated youth offenders have comparable criminogenic needs to other youth offenders. These needs require intervention if a reduction in crime is desired, and since gang‐affiliated youth offenders are more likely to re‐offend than those that are nongang‐affiliated, these results also suggest that there may be additional needs, beyond those assessed by the SAVRY and YLS/CMI, which should be investigated and considered in rehabilitation programmes.Originality/valueFew studies have directly compared the risk and needs profiles between gang‐ and nongang‐affiliated youth offenders using standardised risk assessment measures; this study may be relevant to professionals working in the juvenile justice and offender rehabilitation arenas.

Purpose - Gang affiliation in youth is associated with increased criminal recidivism and an exaggeration of various criminogenic needs; affiliation also meets a variety of youth's personal and social needs. The purpose of this paper is to describe a study of the self-reported reasons for joining and leaving gangs, as well as the difficulties faced by Singaporean youth offenders in leaving youth gangs; it also explores the relationship between gang affiliation and family connectedness, educational attainment and early exposure to gangs. Design/methodology/approach - This prospective study involved structured interviews and administration of questionnaires with 168 youth offenders in Singapore. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the research questions. Findings - Gang-affiliated youth cited a desire to establish and maintain friendships as their primary reasons for joining a gang. Youth who left their gang reported maturing beyond this need and the activities of their gang, particularly in light of the deleterious impact of their gang-related activities on familial relationships and employment and financial status. Early exposure to gangs through family and neighborhood influences, and poor educational engagement increased the likelihood that youth would join a gang. Practical implications - This study highlights the need for clinicians and other service providers to better understand the universal human needs that are met through gang affiliation and the correlates of affiliation. Originality/value - Few studies have directly examined the factors relating to gang affiliation in a non-western context; this study may be relevant to professionals working in the juvenile justice and offender rehabilitation arenas. Adapted from the source document.

Purpose– Gang affiliation in youth is associated with increased criminal recidivism and an exaggeration of various criminogenic needs; affiliation also meets a variety of youth's personal and social needs. The purpose of this paper is to describe a study of the self-reported reasons for joining and leaving gangs, as well as the difficulties faced by Singaporean youth offenders in leaving youth gangs; it also explores the relationship between gang affiliation and family connectedness, educational attainment and early exposure to gangs.Design/methodology/approach– This prospective study involved structured interviews and administration of questionnaires with 168 youth offenders in Singapore. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the research questions.Findings– Gang-affiliated youth cited a desire to establish and maintain friendships as their primary reasons for joining a gang. Youth who left their gang reported maturing beyond this need and the activities of their gang, particularly in light of the deleterious impact of their gang-related activities on familial relationships and employment and financial status. Early exposure to gangs through family and neighborhood influences, and poor educational engagement increased the likelihood that youth would join a gang.Practical implications– This study highlights the need for clinicians and other service providers to better understand the universal human needs that are met through gang affiliation and the correlates of affiliation.Originality/value– Few studies have directly examined the factors relating to gang affiliation in a non-western context; this study may be relevant to professionals working in the juvenile justice and offender rehabilitation arenas.