Suchergebnisse

Bioeconomy, biotechnology and genetically-modified organisms in particular have been the subject of discussion for a long time. Biotechnology is applied in a variety of economic areas which include biopharmaceuticals, biobased products and agriculture. During the last 20 years, innovative biotechnological techniques for plant genome improvement have been developed. Many factors worldwide have led to the status quo : different legislations around the world, the lack of public acceptance in the EU and high expectations for new strategies for sustainability and food security. Therefore, a clear regulatory status for new techniques is crucial for research and development, as well as for their practical implementation. This should be based on solid science which plays a critical role in developing the bioeconomy. ; This paper was partially supported by both the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the KNOW program and a grant for young scholars as well as the Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development within the multiannual program 2015-2020. ; Peer reviewed

Bioeconomy, biotechnology and genetically-modified organisms in particular have been the subject of discussion for a long time. Biotechnology is applied in a variety of economic areas which include biopharmaceuticals, biobased products and agriculture. During the last 20 years, innovative biotechnological techniques for plant genome improvement have been developed. Many factors worldwide have led to the status quo: different legislations around the world, the lack of public acceptance in the EU and high expectations for new strategies for su-stainability and food security. Therefore, a clear regulatory status for new techniques is crucial for research and development, as well as for their practical implementation. This should be based on solid science which plays a critical role in developing the bioeconomy.

Cover -- Contents -- List of figures, tables and boxes -- List of abbreviations -- Preface -- Introduction -- Objectives and approach of the book -- EU environmental policy matters -- Outline of the chapters -- Chapter 2 The Global Context -- The rise of the environment on the political agenda -- The formation of a global environmental governanc earchitecture -- The EU and other global actors in international environmental politics -- Conclusions -- Chapter 3 Actors and Institutions -- European Commission -- European Parliament -- Council -- European Council -- Court of Justice -- Agencies -- Conclusions -- Chapter 4 Policy-Making -- Policy formulation -- Policy implementation -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Lobbying and Interest Representation -- Functions and strategies of interest groups in EU environmental policy-making -- Environmental NGOs -- Business lobby groups -- Influence of interest groups -- Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Environmental Policy Instruments -- Regulatory instruments -- Planning instruments -- Market-based instruments -- Information instruments -- Governing with new environmental policy instruments? -- Conclusions -- Chapter 7 Traditional Sectors of Environmental Policy -- Waste and product policy -- Air policy -- Water policy -- Nature protection and biodiversity policy -- Soil policy -- Noise policy -- Transversal strategies for sustainable development -- Conclusions -- Chapter 8 GMO Policy -- The precautionary principle and the contested nature of GMOs -- The EU's GMO policy framework -- GMO policy in an international context -- Conclusions -- Chapter 9 Climate Change Policy -- Gradually overpowering environmental policies -- Main elements of the EU's climate policy -- Achievements and effectiveness -- Conclusions -- Chapter 10 The EU in International Environmental Politics -- External representation and internal coordination.

Analysis of articles devoted to the EU and EU-Russia relations in broadly representative Russian national newspapers reveals the level of attention paid to the EU, the kind of EU image - positive or negative - that dominates in Russian media, and the characteristics that are associated with the EU in the Russian media. The evidence suggests that the EU image is rather stable and slightly positive. However, the EU's image is also ambivalent, and the majority of EU characteristics are bipolar, with negative and positive characteristics opposing each other. The frequency of mentioning positive and negative characteristics is broadly balanced, confirming the conclusion that the EU image in the Russian press is neutral or slightly positive. Adapted from the source document.