Suchergebnisse

Tractatus Brevis -- The Passions of the Soul and the Elements in the Onto-Poiesis of Culture: The Life-Significance of Literature -- I The Dialectic of the Passions and the Elemental Passions in Literature — surveying the foundations — -- Descartes and Hobbes on the Passions -- Beware of the Beasts! Spinoza and the Elemental Passions in German Literature: Lessing, Goethe, Stifter -- Speakable and Unspeakable Passions in English Neoclassical and Romantic Poetry -- Desire: An Elemental Passion in Hegel's Phenomenology -- German Expressionism and the Human Passions -- II The Sublime, an Essential Factor in the Elemental Passions of the Soul -- Longinus' On the Sublime and the Role of the Creative Imagination -- The Passion of Finitude and Poetic Creation: On Pedro Salinas's El Contemplado -- Juilo Cortázar: La pasión de ser y del ser -- Nostalgia and the Child Topoi: Metaphors of Disruption and Transcendence in the Work of Joseph Brodsky, Marc Chagall and Andrei Tarkovsky -- Apollonian Eros and the Fruits of Failure in the Poetic Pursuit of Being: Notes on the Rape of Daphne -- III Elemental Passions of the Soul: Love and Death -- A Tragic Phenomenon: Aspects of Love and Hate in Racine's Theater -- "The Gulf of the Soul": Melville's Pierre and the Representation of Aesthetic Failure -- Love and Will in The Awakening -- The Passionate Self-Destruction of Hester Prynne -- Death, and the Elemental Passion of the Soul: An Ancient Philosophical Thesis, with Poetic Counterpoint -- Erotic Modes of Discourse: The Union of Mythos and Dialectic in Plato's Phaedrus -- The Plight of the Couple in Beckett's All Strange A way -- Narration and the Face of Anxiety in Henry James' "The Beast in the Jungle" -- IV The Passional Expansion of the Soul: Mind, Body, Space, Being -- Czeslaw Milosz's Passion for "Place": Soul's Knowing under "The Wormwood Star" -- L'espace poétique — pour une analogie phénomenologique sans entrave (Bachelard et Calinescu) -- The Plight of the Siamese Twin: Mind, Body, and Value in John Barth's "Petition" -- Hecuba's Grief, Polydorus' Corpse, and the Transference of Perspective -- Elemental Substances and Their Drama in the Mayan Imagination as Perceived in Popol Vuh -- Fusion of Feeling and Nature in Wordsworthian and Classical Chinese Poetry -- V The Inward Recesses of the Passional Soul -- The Passion of Apprehension: The Soul's Activity as the Agent Intellect in James Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man -- Nietzsche and Creative Passion in Milan Kundera's The Unbearable Lightness of Being -- Obsessive Passion: A Structuring Motif in Flaubert's Work -- Boundaries: The Primal Force and Human Face of Evil -- Poe's "Loss of Breath" and the Problem of Writing -- Milan Kundera's Polyphonic Compositions: Appropriations or Disseminations? -- The Semiotics of Self-Revelation in Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones -- From Passion to Self-Reflexivity: A Holistic Approach to Consciousness and Literature -- The Passions Observed: The Visionary Poetics of Ezra Pound -- Is Life in Literature a Fiction? -- Closure -- Finitude, Infinitude and the Imago Dei in Catherine of Siena and Descartes -- Index of Names.

Drawing heavily on the works of Michel Foucault, I examine the different political responses to the pandemic of COVID-19. In the first part of this article, I examine the Chinese government's response to COVID-19 and expose the relationship between biopower and the political ideal of societies, arguing that technology also entered into the realm of biopolitics and helped society accomplish its political ideal of mobility, productivity, and security. In the second part of this article, I suggest that COVID-19 reshaped and rearranged the power mechanism in societies, arguing that new forms of power might emerge in the future. Synthesizing these two cases, I challenge the reader to reflect critically upon the relationship between the pandemic and the power architecture of societies and suggest that the pandemic might lead to the emergence of new power relations in societies.

Business and the Ethical Implications of Technology: Introduction to the Symposium -- Technological Unemployment, Meaning in Life, Purpose of Business, and the Future of Stakeholders -- Is Employee Technological "Ill-Being" Missing from Corporate Responsibility? The Foucauldian Ethics of Ubiquitous IT Uses in Organizations -- A Micro-ethnographic Study of Big Data-Based Innovation in the Financial Services Sector: Governance, Ethics and Organisational Practices -- The Challenges of Algorithm-Based HR Decision-Making for Personal Integrity -- Digital Trust and Cooperation with an Integrative Digital Social Contract -- Multi-stakeholder Partnerships for Sustainability: Designing Decision-Making Processes for Partnership Capacity -- Shine a Light: How Firm Responses to Announcing Earnings Restatements Changed After Sarbanes–Oxley -- Gender Stereotyping by Location, Female Director Appointments and Financial Performance -- The Impact of Corporate Tax Avoidance on Board of Directors and CEO Reputation -- Why Does Energy-Saving Behavior Rise and Fall? A Study on Consumer Face Consciousness in the Chinese Context -- Female CEOs and Core Earnings Quality: New Evidence on the Ethics Versus Risk-Aversion Puzzle -- Predicting Accounting Misconduct: The Role of Firm-Level Investor Optimism -- Understanding Communication of Sustainability Reporting: Application of Symbolic Convergence Theory (SCT) -- Factors Eliciting Corporate Fraud in Emerging Markets: Case of Firms Subject to Enforcement Actions in Malaysia.

Chapter 1. The Chinese Dream Is Also A Dream of Pursuing Human Rights -- Chapter 2. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights -- Chapter 3. Civil and Political Rights -- Chapter 4. Rights of Ethnic Minorities -- Chapter 5. Rights of Women -- Chapter 6. Rights of the Child -- Chapter 7. Rights of the Elderly -- Chapter 8. Rights of Persons with Disabilities -- Chapter 9. China and Global Human Rights Governance.

Chapter 1. Introduction: Animals and Human Society in Asia: An Overview and Premises. Rotem Kowner, Guy Bar-Oz, Michal Biran, Meri Shahar and Gideon Shelach-Lavi -- Part I: Hunting and Domestication -- Chapter 2. When Elephants Roamed Asia: The Significance of Proboscideans in Diet, Culture and Cosmology in Paleolithic Asia. Ran Barkai -- Chapter 3. Hunting to Herding to Trading to Warfare: A Chronology of Animal Exploitation in the Negev. Steven A. Rosen -- Chapter 4. Domestication of the Donkey (Equus asinus) in the Southern Levant: Archaeozoology, Iconography and Economy. Ianir Milevski and Liora Kolska Horwitz -- Part II: Animals as Food -- Chapter 5. Spilling Blood: Conflict and Culture over Animal Slaughter in Mongol Eurasia. Timothy May -- Chapter 6. China's Dairy Century: Making, Drinking and Dreaming of Milk. Thomas David DuBois -- Chapter 7. Tuna as Economic Resource and Symbolic Capital in Japan's "Imperialism of the Sea". Nadin Heé -- Part III: Animals at War -- Chapter 8. Elephants in Mongol History: From Military Obstacles to Symbols of Buddhist Power. William G. Clarence-Smith -- Chapter 9. The Mamluk's Best Friend: The Mounts of the Military Elite of Egypt and Eurasian Steppe in the Late Middle-Ages. Reuven Amitai and Gila Kahila Bar-Gal -- Chapter 10. A Million Horses: Raising Government Horses in Early Ming China. Noa Grass -- Part IV: Animals in Culture and Religion -- Chapter 11: From Lion to Tiger: The Changing Buddhist Images of Apex Predators in Trans-Asian Contexts. Xing Zhang and Huaiyu Chen -- Chapter 12. The Chinese Cult of the Horse King, Divine Protector of the Equines. Meir Shahar -- Chapter 13. Animal Signs: Therimorphic Intercession between Heaven and Imperial Mongolian History. Brian Baumann

The article analyzes, from the standpoints of social philosophy, the implemented geopolitical, economic, and cultural stratagems in Chinese endeavour to become a "mega-empire" of our time. The "mega-empire" means such an empire that exists not only within the boundaries of its own territory, as well as not only within the population of a certain numerous nation. In fact, it goes far beyond its official borders, offering its unique development paradigms, and providing an appropriate funding for these development models. Mega-empire is able to make this proposal to many other countries, even if they function with completely different political and socio-economic systems. In addition, such a kind of superpower always translates its metanarratives to others, being deeply convinced in its civilizational mission for the rest of the world.We consider that China has real potential to become a "mega-empire" due to the combination of several factors. The first is that China has been practicing its new economic philosophy since the late 1970s. But, evidently, the economy only is not enough for restoring the "mega-empire". The latter is impossible without an active broadcasting of its own cultural tradition and its universal ideology. No coincidence that Xi Jinping asserts that China is making a huge contribution to human development through its own growth. Another crucial statement is that China is forming a Community of Shared Future for Mankind 人类命运共同体, also translated as a Community of Common Destiny.The mentioned concept, being delivered by former Chinese Communist Party general secretary Hu Jintao, has been rethought by present leader Xi Jinping, and now is advocated by him actively. The Chinese government has raised the "Community of Common Destiny" concept with an aim to build a new framework of international relations and promote and improve global governance. That was the major amendment on China's foreign policy in more than last four decades, shifting from being nation-oriented to focusing on the whole mankind. It may also appear as an evidence of China's shift from the Modernity paradigm to the Postmodernity, at the initial stage of this controversial but inevitable movement. Simultaneously, for the present time Chinese society lives mainly in the sociocultural realm of Modernity, as postmodern tendencies are not so strong in China, and in Asia as a whole.The author attempted to look at the whole array of socio-cultural, economic, and political practices exercised by modern China through the lens of a systemic approach. This study suggests that China makes particular emphasis on image-based measures designed to enhance the positive perception of Chinese values, traditional culture, and modern Chinese achievements throughout the world. Chinese cultural policy is implicated in a soft-power style, and framed in Chinese cultural institutions all over the world. But the external-economic strategy of the PRC is as pragmatic as possible, and Chinese economic interventions towards foreign economic assets are conducted without undue ceremonies. This part of China's geopolitics is devoid of any cultural implication and is purely utilitarian, unlike other areas of Chinese foreign policy.Ultimately, all of these philosophic-economic and cultural-political stratagems are aimed at enhancing the well-being, sustainable development, and social cohesion of the Chinese nation, based on longstanding cultural and philosophical traditions, and imperatives of the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era 习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想. Today's economic and cultural expansion of China is entirely within the canvas of the "Great Chinese Renaissance", which is most illustratively declared at the political-ideological level by Xi Jinping's foreign-policy credo "Great Power Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics" 中国特色大国外交. ; У статті проведено соціально-філософський аналіз геополітичних, економічних, культурних стратагем, які практикує сучасний Китай. Здійснено спробу подивитися на весь масив соціокультурних, економічних, суспільно-політичних практик, здійснюваних Китаєм, крізь призму системного підходу. Проведене дослідження дає певні підстави стверджувати, що Китай ставить особливий наголос на іміджевих заходах, покликаних підвищити рівень позитивного сприйняття китайських цінностей повсюди в світі. У економічній площині політика КНР є максимально прагматичною, і китайські економічні інтервенції до іноземних економічних активів проводяться без зайвих церемоній. Ця частина геополітики КНР позбавлена будь-якого культурного підтексту і є суто утилітарною, на відміну від інших сфер зовнішньої політики Китаю. Врешті-решт, всі ці філософсько-економічні й культурно-політичні стратагеми спрямовані на підвищення добробуту, сталого розвитку і соціальної злагоди китайської нації, на основі давніх культурно-філософських традицій та імперативів «соціалізму із китайською специфікою в нову еру» 习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想.

The article analyzes, from the standpoints of social philosophy, the implemented geopolitical, economic, and cultural stratagems in Chinese endeavour to become a "mega-empire" of our time. The "mega-empire" means such an empire that exists not only within the boundaries of its own territory, as well as not only within the population of a certain numerous nation. In fact, it goes far beyond its official borders, offering its unique development paradigms, and providing an appropriate funding for these development models. Mega-empire is able to make this proposal to many other countries, even if they function with completely different political and socio-economic systems. In addition, such a kind of superpower always translates its metanarratives to others, being deeply convinced in its civilizational mission for the rest of the world.We consider that China has real potential to become a "mega-empire" due to the combination of several factors. The first is that China has been practicing its new economic philosophy since the late 1970s. But, evidently, the economy only is not enough for restoring the "mega-empire". The latter is impossible without an active broadcasting of its own cultural tradition and its universal ideology. No coincidence that Xi Jinping asserts that China is making a huge contribution to human development through its own growth. Another crucial statement is that China is forming a Community of Shared Future for Mankind 人类命运共同体, also translated as a Community of Common Destiny.The mentioned concept, being delivered by former Chinese Communist Party general secretary Hu Jintao, has been rethought by present leader Xi Jinping, and now is advocated by him actively. The Chinese government has raised the "Community of Common Destiny" concept with an aim to build a new framework of international relations and promote and improve global governance. That was the major amendment on China's foreign policy in more than last four decades, shifting from being nation-oriented to focusing on the whole mankind. It may also appear as an evidence of China's shift from the Modernity paradigm to the Postmodernity, at the initial stage of this controversial but inevitable movement. Simultaneously, for the present time Chinese society lives mainly in the sociocultural realm of Modernity, as postmodern tendencies are not so strong in China, and in Asia as a whole.The author attempted to look at the whole array of socio-cultural, economic, and political practices exercised by modern China through the lens of a systemic approach. This study suggests that China makes particular emphasis on image-based measures designed to enhance the positive perception of Chinese values, traditional culture, and modern Chinese achievements throughout the world. Chinese cultural policy is implicated in a soft-power style, and framed in Chinese cultural institutions all over the world. But the external-economic strategy of the PRC is as pragmatic as possible, and Chinese economic interventions towards foreign economic assets are conducted without undue ceremonies. This part of China's geopolitics is devoid of any cultural implication and is purely utilitarian, unlike other areas of Chinese foreign policy.Ultimately, all of these philosophic-economic and cultural-political stratagems are aimed at enhancing the well-being, sustainable development, and social cohesion of the Chinese nation, based on longstanding cultural and philosophical traditions, and imperatives of the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era 习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想. Today's economic and cultural expansion of China is entirely within the canvas of the "Great Chinese Renaissance", which is most illustratively declared at the political-ideological level by Xi Jinping's foreign-policy credo "Great Power Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics" 中国特色大国外交. ; У статті проведено соціально-філософський аналіз геополітичних, економічних, культурних стратагем, які практикує сучасний Китай. Здійснено спробу подивитися на весь масив соціокультурних, економічних, суспільно-політичних практик, здійснюваних Китаєм, крізь призму системного підходу. Проведене дослідження дає певні підстави стверджувати, що Китай ставить особливий наголос на іміджевих заходах, покликаних підвищити рівень позитивного сприйняття китайських цінностей повсюди в світі. У економічній площині політика КНР є максимально прагматичною, і китайські економічні інтервенції до іноземних економічних активів проводяться без зайвих церемоній. Ця частина геополітики КНР позбавлена будь-якого культурного підтексту і є суто утилітарною, на відміну від інших сфер зовнішньої політики Китаю. Врешті-решт, всі ці філософсько-економічні й культурно-політичні стратагеми спрямовані на підвищення добробуту, сталого розвитку і соціальної злагоди китайської нації, на основі давніх культурно-філософських традицій та імперативів «соціалізму із китайською специфікою в нову еру» 习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想.

Abstract
The stone portraits discussed in this paper mainly refer to round carvings and high-relief sculptures of human figures that emphasize realism and a sense of three-dimensionality. The development of stone portraits in the pre-Qin period is briefly reviewed, and their cultural characteristics and causes are analyzed from various perspectives. The Neolithic period was not too late for the germination and start of Chinese portrait sculpture. Due to a series of factors such as geographical conditions, material selection, and cultural philosophy, the development of stone portrait sculpture was not given much attention before the Han Dynasty in China, and the development of realistic round and high-relief portrait art with larger volumes lagged. Along with the exchange and collision between civilizations along the Silk Road, thanks to the widespread dissemination of Buddhist statue art in China since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the art of large stone statues has taken on a new artistic appearance in terms of subject matter, techniques, types and uses, and has also gained a broader space for expression. Chinese stone portraits have continued to develop and innovate in terms of subject matter and sculpting techniques, and eventually formed an artistic style of portrait sculpture with distinctive national characteristics. This practice of transcending the secular and divine portraits also led to the maturation of secular portrait sculpting techniques such as Stone Wengzhong (翁仲), objectively opening another channel for the diversification of ancient Chinese portrait sculpture. It can be said that the cultural exchanges along the Silk Road had a very important role in promoting the development and maturation of ancient Chinese large stone portrait art.

Секция 7. Лингвострановедение ; В статье рассматривается один из наиболее многозначных терминов ранней даосской философии – 混 hùn 'хаос'. Цель статьи – выявить значение данного термина в космогонической, антропогонической и социально-политической интерпретациях. В качестве объекта исследования нами были выбраны три текста, относящиеся к раннему даосизму: «Даодэцзин», «Чжуан-цзы» и «Ле-цзы». Актуальность данной темы связана с тем, что на эпоху Чжоу в Китае приходится период формирования важнейших философских концепций, которые на протяжении веков во многом обуславливали развитие традиционной китайской науки, социальной и политической мысли, искусства и сохраняют свое влияние до сих пор на уровне архетипических образов и понятий. Активное взаимодействие между белорусским и китайским народами в политической, экономической и культурной сферах обуславливают необходимость развития в Республике Беларусь всесторонних научных исследований китайской цивилизации, в том числе и основополагающих философских понятий. ; The article deals with one of the most multivalent term of early Taoist philosophy – 混 hùn 'chaos'. The purpose of the article is to define the term in cosmogonic, anthropogonic and socio-political context. The object of research: tree texts of early Taoism: "Dao de jing", "Zhuang-tzu", "Lie-tzu". Taoism has influenced and continues to influence culture and ideology of Chinese society; many characteristic features of Chinese world view are closely connected with the concept of chaos, which was formed in early stage of Taoism The research is relevant to Belarusian society as active interaction between the Belarusian and Chinese peoples in the political, economic and cultural spheres necessitates the development of comprehensive scientific research of the Chinese civilization in the Republic of Belarus, including the research of fundamental philosophical concepts.

The period of 1923–1925 witnessed significant efforts by the Soviet power to consolidate power in the Far East region of the RSFSR. This article examines the socio-political landscape during this pivotal time, shedding light on the challenges faced and the strategies employed to establish Soviet governance. Public sentiments in the Far East were intricately tied to the tumultuous political and economic conditions prevailing in the aftermath of the Civil War and foreign intervention. Economic devastation and stagnation exacerbated social tensions, posing formidable challenges to the consolidation of Soviet power. The prospects of Soviet authority hinged upon understanding and navigating the intricate dynamics of the local population. Factors such as the dominance of affluent rural elites, Cossack privileges, and the presence of diverse ethnic groups like Koreans and Chinese shaped the landscape of governance. Despite the adversities, the Soviet authorities achieved a notable milestone with the successful conduct of elections to the grassroots councils across the region in 1923–1924. This demonstrated a degree of acceptance and legitimacy for the new regime, marking a crucial step towards consolidation. In conclusion, the establishment of Soviet power in the Far East of the RSFSR during 1923–1925 was a complex endeavor shaped by the interplay of socio-economic conditions and local dynamics. While challenges persisted, the successful conduct of elections underscored the resilience and adaptability of the Soviet regime in navigating turbulent waters and laying the foundations for governance in the region.

Tiang's play The Last Days of Limehouse discusses the end of London's first Chinatown. The play raises issues of heritage and loss, as well as what is considered culturally meaningful (and by whom). Moving from a majority Chinese nation to one where they are an ethnic minority allows them to find a sense of belonging in Chinatown. As a response to this loss, Tiang's play seeks to tell the stories of its residents and to be able to bring this location back to life for the audience before sending them out into Limehouse streets, where they could feel its loss all the more strongly as they made their way home.
This essay tackles the dynamic complexity of multicultural identity as Stuart Hall calls it 'the second side' in order to clarify how these multiple identities affect the characters' personalities and psyche in Jeremy Tiang's play The Last Days of Limehouse. Skin color, language, discourse, class, education, career, skills, community, family, activities, area, friends, food, attire, customs, and political opinions are all examples of cultural identities. Hence the researchers conclude that acculturation, as well as cultural shock, are the main reasons behind the inner conflict of Jeremy Tiang's characters in The Last Days of Limehouse. This inner conflict reflects their sense of belonging to Limehouse in London as a replacement image of the real home and culture in their Nation's land.

This important new study of Kita Ikki, one of Japan's influential pre-war idealogues, focuses on the twin poles of nationalism and socialism that inform his three principal works, located always in the context of the dominance of Western imperialism at that time. The three works are 'The National Polity and Pure Socialism' ( Kokutairon oyobi junsei shakai shugi ), in which he explores the nature of the modern Japanese state and its characteristics, 'The Unofficial History of the Chinese Revolution' ( Shina kakumei gaishi ), written to correct what he perceived as Japan's misguided policy towards China, and 'The Fundamental Principles for the Reorganization of Japan' ( Nihon kaizo hoan taiko ) , which was said to have influenced the young army officers of the Imperial Way Faction who attempted the 26 February 1936 coup to bring about direct imperial rule. The coup failed and Kita was executed the following year for his involvement as the so-called 'intellectual inspiration'. The second half of the book contains the first complete English translation (by Brij Tankha) of 'The Fundamental Principles for the Reorganization of Japan', providing the reader with an opportunity to hear the voice of an early twentieth-century Japanese intellectual confronting the challenge of the West's domination and its implications for Japan; in so doing Kita helped galvanize support for an agenda involving Japan's own imperial mission and the pathway to a 'new Japan'

"In Confucianism: Its Roots and Global Significance, English-language readers get a rare opportunity to read in a single volume the work of one of Taiwan's most distinguished scholars. Although Ming-huei Lee has published in English before, the corpus of his non-Chinese writings is in German. Readers of this volume will soon discover the hard-mindedness and precision of thinking so associated with German philosophy as they enter into his discussions of Confucianism. As readers progress through this book, they will be constantly reminded that all philosophy should be truly comparative. . . . "The work is divided into three sections: Classical Confucianism and Its Modern Reinterpretations, Neo-Confucianism in China and Korea, and Ethics and Politics. These sections evince just some of the range of Ming-huei Lee's thinking as well as his inclusive reach of Confucian philosophy to the whole of East Asia, especially to Korea. In the Ethics and Politics section, readers will get a taste for the return to his own tradition through the lens of Kantian philosophy with his analysis of Confucius and the virtue ethics debate in Confucian philosophical circles. Lee's thinking through Mou Zongsan's interpretation of Confucianism, Zhu Xi and the Huxiang scholars' debate on ren, and the unfolding of the debates over the 'four buddings' and 'seven feelings' in Korea by Yi Toegye and Gi Gobong sets up the subsequent chapters of the book: a reconstruction of Wang Yangming's philosophy and theories of democracy, and a critique of Jiang Qing's 'political Confucianism.' His work in this book adds a sizable appendage to Confucian scholarship. Moreover, the interrelated ideas and arguments presented in this book are a special contribution to the Confucian project in English-speaking countries across the world." —from the Editor's Foreword An electronic version of this book is freely available thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched, a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access ...

China is the most populous nation, the largest developing country with relatively high levels of poverty, the fastest-growing economy, and one of the world's most polluted countries. Bearing this in mind, the Chinese central leadership is keen to address environmental and developmental concerns concomitantly and strike a balance between environmental protection and economic development. One way that this can be achieved, in the author's view, is through the development of green technology. Instead of repeating what has been said in the existing literature, this thesis attempts to approach the issue of green technology from a new perspective of law and institutional design, and seeks to stimulate green technological change through the development of a legal system that engages environmental law and patent law in a concerted effort to incentivize the innovation and dissemination of green technology to the greatest extent. This thesis argues that by improving a synergy between the Chinese environmental law and patent law, especially by using the Chinese patent law as an environmental instrument, the innovation and diffusion of green technology can be better promoted. This in turn would contribute to China's environmental improvement without necessarily impeding economic growth or technological progress. Specifically, this thesis puts forward three main ways in which patent law can be used as an environmental tool, i.e., the creation of a rationale governing both environmental law and patent law in a nation's legal regime for including environmental goals in patent law, environmental law's adoption of patent system as an environmental regulatory tool, and the "greening" of patent law. This so-called"three-step approach", in conjunction with the proposed specific provisions, measures or mechanisms developed under each of the three approaches, will constitute a theoretically effective legal framework and can be used as criteria for assessing the Chinese law's effectiveness in synergizing environmental law with patent law and using patent law as an environmental instrument. A total of 28 aspects and sub-aspects of the Chinese law have been examined against the proposed criteria, with a total of 31 points awarded. A notable gap exists between the Chinese law and the proposed theoretically effective law because had all the aspects and sub-aspects of the Chinese law fully met the criteria, the total score would have been 84 points other than 31 points. It is worth noting that such an assessment of the Chinese law is not conducted alone, but on the basis of a comparison with the counterparts of the US and European laws, which makes the evaluation of the Chinese law more meaningful and accurate and helps to identify lessons from the experience of the US and EU. Based on such vertical and horizontal comparisons, this thesis raises specific proposals for China's legislative reform, with a view to synergizing the Chinese environmental law with patent law and using the Chinese patent law as an environmental instrument. ; published_or_final_version ; Law ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

Intro -- Montesquieu and His Legacy -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. What Montesquieu Taught:"Perfection Does Not Concern Men or Things Universally" -- Part I. Morals and Manners in the Work of Montesquieu -- 2. Morals and Manners in Montesquieu's Analysis of the British System of Liberty -- 3. Honor, Interest, Virtue: The Affective Foundations of the Political in The Spirit of Laws -- 4. On the Proper Use of the Stick: The Spirit of Laws and the Chinese Empire -- 5. Montesquieu on Power: Beyond Checks and Balances -- Part II. Montesquieu's Legacy in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Political Thought -- 6. Montesquieu's Constitutional Legacies -- 7. Montesquieu's Humanité and Rousseau's Pitié -- 8. Montesquieu and Tocqueville as Philosophical Historians: Liberty, Determinism, and the Prospects for Freedom -- 9. Montesquieu and the Scottish Enlightenment -- Part III. Montesquieu and Comparative Constitutional Law -- 10. Montesquieu and the Renaissance of Comparative Public Law -- 11. Free Speech and The Spirit of Laws in Canada and the United States: A Test of Montesquieu's Approach to Comparative Law -- 12. Montesquieu's Persian Letters: A Timely Classic -- 13. Montesquieu and Us -- 14. Montesquieu and the Future of Liberalism -- 15. Montesquieu and Liberalism: The Question of Pluralism -- About the Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.