Suchergebnisse

Purpose: Determination of possible ways to increase the effectiveness of interaction between civil society institutions and public administration subjects in Ukraine through the use of international experience; determination of a unified concept of management humanization and democratization and proposal of specific recommendations for reforming the existing public administration system in Ukraine. Methodology: General and specific methods of scientific knowledge were applied during the research: a system analysis method, a dialectical method, a formal-logical method, a structural-functional method, and empirical methods. Result: The authors concluded that there is poor interaction between the public administration subjects and the civil society institutions in Ukraine. In order to increase the positive effect of introducing new forms of civil participation in public administration, it is important to popularize citizens' e-participation in public administration. Free access to the electronic reflection of activities of any public administration subject allows simplifying public participation in making specific decisions. Applications: The results of the research are believed to be interesting and useful for domestic legislators and public administration subjects at actualization of tendencies to administration democratization and humanization. Novelty/Originality: The results are obtained independently and original (no analogues or incorrect borrowings). The research subject is considered in Ukraine for the first time and seems to be prospective for further development.

Preliminary Material -- Vorwort zur Reihe -- Vorwort -- Einleitung -- Krieg Ohne Regeln ist Unzivilisiert: Die Debatte 1872-1908 -- Kriegsverbrechen Werden Zum Thema: Balkankriege und Erster Weltkrieg -- Der weg zum Internationalen Strafgerichtshof – Eine Sackgasse? Die Debatte in Der Zwischenkriegszeit -- Der Verschlungene Weg Nach Nürnberg: die Debatte 1939-1945 -- Zusammenfassung und Ausblick -- Liste Der Abkürzungen Der Zeitschriften -- Übersicht Über Regelwerke zum ius in Bello und ius AD Bellum 1856-1945 -- Bibliographie -- Register.

This book -- one in the four-volume set, Global Governance and the Quest for Justice -- focuses on the international and regional organisations that represent the key players in the evolving global order. The papers in this collection seek to map the real world of global governance -- exploring who governs and how, what the leading international and regional organisations claim to do and what they actually do -- as well as assessing the gap between the ideal of constitutionalised global governance and the actuality of governance under globalisation. The contributors discuss what it would mean for global governance to aspire to Rule of Law standards of transparency, accountability and participation together with categorical respect for human rights. In this collection, the perspective of modern public lawyers is systematically applied to the governance deficit associated with globalisation and to its institutional correction in pursuit of a legitimate regime of global governance

The paper shows that international government borrowing from multilateral development banks is countercyclical while international government borrowing form private sector lenders is procyclical. The countercyclicality of official lending is mostly driven by the behavior of the World Bank (borrowing from regional development banks tends to be acyclical). The paper also shows that official sector lending to Latin America and East Asia is more countercyclical than official lending to other regions. Private sector lending is instead procyclical in all developing regions. While the cyclicality of official lending does not depend on domestic or international conditions, private lending becomes particularly procyclical in periods of limited global capital flows. By focusing on both borrower and lender's heterogeneity the paper shows that the cyclical properties of international government debt are mostly driven by credit supply shocks. Demand factors appear to be less important drivers of procyclical international government borrowing. The paper's focus on supply and demand factors is different from the traditional push and pull classification, as push and pull factors could affect both the demand and the supply of international government debt.

This book illuminates the characteristics of the Japanese economy comprehensively and analyses how and why they have been changing. The contributors to this fifteen-paper volume are internationally-known and leading researchers of the Japanese economy. Following the overview chapter, the book covers such areas as the Japanese firm, the labour market, consumption and saving patterns, financial markets, macroeconomic policies and international economic relations.

Defence date: 23 July 2020 (Online) ; Examining Board: Professor Jennifer Welsh (EUI, Supervisor); Professor Dorothee Bohle (EUI); Professor Nina Caspersen (University of York); Professor Eiki Berg (University of Tartu) ; One of the most fundamental principles underpinning the post-World War II order, on which there is a broad and long-held consensus, is that once admitted into the club of universally recognized states, a political entity's territory and borders become sacred. The phenomenon of the "contested state," however, stubbornly challenges this sacred consensus, by suggesting that the current membership in and territorial configuration of the international society may not be entirely fixed. With three standalone substantive chapters, this thesis investigates three different aspects of contested states' relationship with the existing society of states. In Chapter 1, I attempt to make sense of the existence of these entities alongside other actors in the international system. By employing an ontological approach, I argue that a constellation of four dimensions constitutes a contested state as an independent non-UN member state, over which another State lays claim. My approach not only establishes these entities more clearly as a separate analytical category in world politics, worthy of detailed study, but also specifies these entities' distinct behavior when compared to other actors populating the same international system. Departing from the empirical reality that more than half of the thirty contested states have already died, Chapter 2 investigates the conditions under which contested states survive in the post-1945 international order. By employing an original time-series dataset and applying a comparative configurational analysis of the universe of cases of contested states, I show that three pathways to survival sufficiently capture the patterns underlying the persistence of these entities. The Chapter shows that, while external support is not a necessary condition for contested state survival, what happens outside a contested state's own "domestic" realm, nevertheless, plays a crucial role in keeping these entities alive. The findings of this Chapter unearth a contradiction that exists between the prerogatives of territorial integrity and the aims for peace and stability of the post-WWII international legal and normative order. Chapter 3 conducts a critical analysis of the nature and effect of contested states' struggle for recognition by focusing on Palestine and Kosovo. While seeking recognition and maintaining the hope of eventual membership in the society of states is an understandable objective, I argue that for contested states, recognition has a price. The post-WWII international legal and normative order has presented contested states with a trade-off. In seeking to achieve universal international recognition, contested states must curb their claims to self-determination and sacrifice some of the elements of empirical statehood they have managed to establish. Taken together, these chapters make a set of empirical, methodological, and theoretical contributions, not only for the study of contested states but also for the general discipline of IR.

This report examines that issue as developed in customary international law and under the United Nations Charter.