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Scholars of contentious politics expect that social movement organizations (SMOs) are valued according to their ability to craft resonant frames or to enact displays of worthiness. We offer an alternative, relational perspective highlighting the critical role of authenticity in shaping an SMO's perceived value. Unlike frames and intentional displays, calculated efforts to proclaim authenticity often backfire. We distill two orthogonal types: grassroots (in)authenticity, based on idealized notions of civil society, and institutional (in)authenticity, rooted in culturalcognitive schemas used to judge fit with established SMO categories. Grassroots authenticity benefits an SMO's fundamental legitimacy, while lacking it entirely (i.e., "astroturfing") severely harms public support. Institutional authenticity increases resources and survival chances, intelligibility to elite observers, and clarity of collective identities; still, lacking this (via hybridity) may assist in recruitment and outreach. We build propositions that elaborate these expectations and argue that authenticity should become a more central concept in social movement research.

AbstractThe aim of this article is to offer a novel theoretical perspective on family practitioners' engagement with fathers, through the lens of theories of social care and capabilities. The paper shows how research on low engagement of fathers in family‐ and child‐related social interventions has advanced along three main axes: (a) giving voice to fathers, (b) analyzing workers' perceptions, and (c) what works analysis of father‐oriented programs. I point to several problems in existing research: the absence of a unifying theoretical framework and the lack of sufficient attention to issues of relationality and agency. Theories of care and the capabilities approach are offered as a framework. Applying these theoretical frameworks to existing research on father engagement raises new questions and directions for further studies, mainly in two directions: first, relationality and the configurations of relations and power within families and within welfare systems, and second, the effect of agency on father engagement.

Este artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo sobre as relações entre o montante de rendimentos, a quantidade de escolarização e outros indicadores de posição social no Brasil. Em geral, as relações não lineares entre a quantidade de anos de estudo e o montante de rendimentos são atribuídos ao efeito do diploma, mas este estudo sustenta a hipótese de que, embora o efeito do diploma esteja quase sempre presente em algum grau, tem um peso mínimo nas diferenças de rendimentos. O aumento da rendimentos é negativo para diversas categorias do número de anos de estudo e o efeito positivo só é significativo nas faixas mais altas, sobretudo para aquelas com o maior número de anos. Conjuntamente com a quantidade de anos de estudo ou o grau de titulação escolar, são apresentados resultados da análise de outros indicadores de posição social, particularmente aqueles ligados à ocupação e suas relações com o montante de rendimentos.

Social networking sites have emerged as spaces for both young men and women to portray themselves in sexualized ways, raising questions about how young men construct masculinity while embracing a kind of sexual self-objectification. In this case study analysis, a heterosexually identified male college student guides another male undergraduate on a tour of his MySpace profile in front of a video camera, supplementing the visual data with his own interpretations. The analysis focuses on how the young man takes up, or subverts, hegemonic masculinity in his sexual displays online. Data illustrate how irony is highly adaptive for perpetuating hegemonic masculinity on social networking sites, allowing men to collaborate using digital artifacts to socially construct an intractable kind of masculinity as they explore unconventional forms of sexual expression. The study also suggests that a heightened emphasis on public attention to the self is a critical lens for understanding shifting constructions of gender and sexuality in the millennial generation.

As elsewhere in the world, Africa has experienced a rise in litigation against transnational corporations for adverse environmental and social impact. Cape plc and RTZ have been sued in British courts for environmental damage and for breach of employment rights in Africa. Companies which sold products to South Africa's former apartheid regime, such as Fujitsu and IBM, are now being sued in US courts. Shell and Chevron are being sued in US courts for human rights abuses in Nigeria. At the same time, foreign firms have been successfully sued in African courts for social and environmental damage. This article outlines the main relevant court cases and attempts to assess the significance of this litigation. The discussion of litigation in this article is divided into three parts: court cases filed in English, American and African (mainly Nigerian) courts. This is followed by an explanation of the triggers of legal change, a discussion of the impact of litigation and the conclusion.

As elsewhere in the world, Africa has experienced a rise in litigation against transnational corporations for adverse environmental & social impact. Cape plc & RTZ have been sued in British courts for environmental damage & for breach of employment rights in Africa. Companies that sold products to South Africa's former apartheid regime, such as Fujitsu & IBM, are now being sued in US courts. Shell & Chevron are being sued in US courts for human rights abuses in Nigeria. At the same time, foreign firms have been successfully sued in African courts for social & environmental damage. This article outlines the main relevant court cases & attempts to assess the significance of this litigation. The discussion of litigation in this article is divided into three parts: court cases filed in English, American, & African (mainly Nigerian) courts. This is followed by an explanation of the triggers of legal change, a discussion of the impact of litigation & the conclusion. 3 Tables, 35 References. Adapted from the source document.

The Netherlands has maintained a high degree of intervention in the housing market through the 1980s. It also has a very large social rented sector which comprises 40 per cent of the total housing stock. The housing market regulation and the construction of large quantities of non-profit housing have created a stable level of production of new dwellings and an affordable housing stock. The large social rented sector offers shelter to a large population of low-income households; but it also accommodates many median and high-income groups, thereby avoiding extreme forms of housing segregation. Housing subsidies are a heavy burden on the national budget. A process of financial disengagement of the national government and the housing associations has been started. This will increase the independence of the non-profit housing sector from the political process, but will also lead to higher financial risks for the associations and more instability in this sector.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un enfoque descriptivo de los principales lineamientos metodológicos y conceptuales, desde una perspectiva teórica, para el establecimiento de Políticas de Responsabilidad Social en las organizaciones. A partir de lo anterior, se describen los aspectos conceptuales que engloban el término de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, describiendo sus antecedentes y definiendo sus lineamientos y ámbitos de acción. De manera adicional a los elementos conceptuales, se aportan algunos antecedentes normativos y reglamentarios, tanto del ámbito nacional como internacional, a través de los cuales se ha fortalecido, esquematizado y reconocido este tipo de prácticas en el contexto mundial. Asimismo, hace referencia a varios modelos de gestión, mediante los cuales las organizaciones pueden iniciar un proceso para diseñar e implementar sus políticas y prácticas en esta materia. Finalmente, se concluye con una descripción práctica y una guía básica de cómo pueden ser aplicados modelos de esta naturaleza en diversas organizaciones.

The macro landscape shaping antidepressant use is marked by uncertain and contested research and vigorous pharmaceutical promotion to doctors and (in the U.S.) patients. While prior studies have investigated antidepressant users' firsthand experiences of the impacts of medication use on their lives and identities, these studies do not explicitly situate users' experiences within the macro realities that shape the larger system of care. The aim of this Internet-based qualitative study was to advance a uniquely social work perspective on psychotropic medications by thematically examining the everyday experiences of antidepressant users and framing emergent themes within the broader macro context. The largest sample to date (n = 3243) of user reviews of four antidepressants (escitalopram, duloxetine, vilazodone, and vortioxetine) were downloaded from popular patient-reporting websites and analyzed line-by-line by two independent coders in a general inductive coding process. Antidepressant experiences were characterized by trial-and-error experimentation, limited relief, drug cocktails, uncertainty about causes of change, and unforeseen drug withdrawal challenges. Individual-level experiences are contextualized within the larger landscape of publication bias in clinical drug trials and persistent drug industry promotion of newer, costlier, and add-on drugs. Based on the profession's systems perspective and social justice commitment, social workers should recognize how macro factors contextualize individual experience and strive to support users in cultivating more informed, empowering relationships with psychiatric drugs. Exploring the meaning of medications, validating users' firsthand experiences, and monitoring changes throughout treatment and discontinuation are appropriate, critical roles that social workers should consider adopting.

Contents -- Contributors -- 1. Introduction: A Wide-Angle Lens on the Psychology of Social Class by Hazel Rose Markus and Susan T. Fiske -- Part 1. Pervasive Ideas and Social Class -- 2. Sociological Perspectives on the Face-to-Face Enactment of Class Distinction by Paul DiMaggio -- 3. The Class Culture Gap by Joan C. Williams -- Part 2. Institutions and Social Class -- 4. Class, Cultural Capital, and Institutions: The Case of Families and Schools by Annette Lareau and Jessica McCrory Calarco

SUMMARY The aim of this work is to exam international social security standards and their implementation in Lithuania social security system. The work is divided into two parts. The first part "International social security standards" is defined. The place of international treaties in Lithuanian legal system is analyzed as international social security standards are basically established in these documents. Further based on the geographical criterion social right and social security standards established in the universal, European and European Union levels are analyzed. The chapter "Social rights and social standards established in the universal human rights documents" the provisions of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are examined together with the conventions of the International Labour Organization. In the chapter "Social rights and social protection standards established in the European human rights documents" there are examined the provisions of European Social Charter (revised) and the European Social Code. Taking into consideration the impact of European Union law on the Lithuanian legal system in the chapter "Social rights and social standards established in the European Union law" the provisions of European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights and Charter of Fundamental Social Rights of the Workers are analyzed. In the following part of the work social security standards established for the protection of such social risks as maternity, family circumstances and aging are consistently examined based on the analysis of the provisions on the Lithuanian social security is defined. In the chapter of the work analyzes the entitlement of elderly people to pension, social services and other social support also their right to housing and medical care. In the chapter based on the provisions of above mentioned international conventions and Convention of the Rights of the Child the system of support for the household incomes and non-cash benefits for children is analyzed. In the last part the issues of pregnancy, childbirth leave and parental guarantees are defined.

SUMMARY The aim of this work is to exam international social security standards and their implementation in Lithuania social security system. The work is divided into two parts. The first part "International social security standards" is defined. The place of international treaties in Lithuanian legal system is analyzed as international social security standards are basically established in these documents. Further based on the geographical criterion social right and social security standards established in the universal, European and European Union levels are analyzed. The chapter "Social rights and social standards established in the universal human rights documents" the provisions of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are examined together with the conventions of the International Labour Organization. In the chapter "Social rights and social protection standards established in the European human rights documents" there are examined the provisions of European Social Charter (revised) and the European Social Code. Taking into consideration the impact of European Union law on the Lithuanian legal system in the chapter "Social rights and social standards established in the European Union law" the provisions of European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights and Charter of Fundamental Social Rights of the Workers are analyzed. In the following part of the work social security standards established for the protection of such social risks as maternity, family circumstances and aging are consistently examined based on the analysis of the provisions on the Lithuanian social security is defined. In the chapter of the work analyzes the entitlement of elderly people to pension, social services and other social support also their right to housing and medical care. In the chapter based on the provisions of above mentioned international conventions and Convention of the Rights of the Child the system of support for the household incomes and non-cash benefits for children is analyzed. In the last part the issues of pregnancy, childbirth leave and parental guarantees are defined.