METATHEORETICAL ASPECT OF A RESEARCH OF POLITICAL AGENDA CONDUCTED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY OF PUBLIC POLICY ; МЕТАТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОВЕСТКИ ДНЯ, ПРОВЕДЕННЫХ В РАМКАХ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПУБЛИЧНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ; МЕТАТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ПОРЯДКУ ДЕННОГО, ПРОВЕ...
The research of the phenomenon of political agenda has evolved in the second half of the 20th century on an integral part of political science of the countries of North America and Western Europe. Metatheoretical characteristics of approaches under which they were carried out have the essential meaning for assessing the scientific description, explanation, understanding and prediction of phenomena of political agenda.In the offered metatheoretical analysis the object of the study is a set of research approaches, on the basis of which the political agenda in the framework of such political science subdiscipline as Public policy was studying. On the basis of the analysis of metatheoretical characteristics of the database approaches (which are the subjects of study) the expressed by many scientists idea of the existence of the connection between ontological, epistemological and methodological matters, which carries out scientific research is depicted.The aim of this work is in figuring the metatheoretical characteristics of the approaches on the basis of which the research of the political agenda was supported. For their clarification a set of variables needed for metatheoretical analysis was formed; the ownership of the specific studies of political agenda to the existing research approaches within the respective subdiscipline was installed; the way of combining the metatheoretical positions in the selected approaches was cleared up.The conducted metatheoretical analysis allows us to make the following conclusions. From the ontological point of view in approaches on the basis of which the study of the phenomenon of political agenda was carried out it is not observed in pure form a combination of holism with intentionalìsm and individualism with structuralism. Desire to avoid in the analysis the objectivism («reification») or judgment («voluntarism») causes the use by the scientists the strategy of «additions» or «synthesis» as extreme ontological positions. However, in the first case disadvantages of both extreme positions can be divided. In the second case, the synthesis was performed only within the same ontological questions.In terms of epistemology all the approaches to the study of the political agenda are characterized by the constant extension of conceptual schemes by incorporating these new concepts. In most approaches not only a description of the phenomenon of the political agenda is put as the main aim, but also an explanation of the changes, which finds expression in the present theories or attempts that help to create them. Such form of knowledge as the model is manifested most clearly in the approach of «punctuated equilibrium». For the researches of policy agenda in the framework of «Public policy» subdiscipline, the reliance on inductive method of constructing a theory is more preferable. The combination of both ways takes place in the approach of «punctuated equilibrium» and social constructivism, and at least attempt to observe it in those approaches where a synthesis of extreme ontological positions is done. In the studies of the political agenda, despite a variety of ontological positions, the explanation through the law is predominating. But in the case of the use by researchers the strategies of «additions» and «synthesis» as extreme ontological positions the explanation through the analysis of propensities (the approach of «multiple streams») and the analysis of mechanisms (the approach of «punctuated equilibrium») is used as advanced. ; В статье выясняются метатеоретические характеристики подходов, на основании которых в рамках изучения публичной политики осуществлялись исследования политической повестки дня. Как свидетельствует проведенный анализ, в последнее время исследователи пытаются избежать упрощенных онтологических допущений о природе политической повестки дня и факторах ее развития. Соответственно, наблюдаются попытки сочетания способов построения теории, форм объяснения, количественной и качественной стратегии в сборе и анализе данных. ; У статті з'ясовуються метатеоретичні характеристики підходів, на основі яких у рамках вивчення державної політики здійснювалися дослідження політичного порядку денного. Як свідчить проведений аналіз, останнім часом дослідники намагаються уникнути спрощених онтологічних припущень про природу політичного порядку денного та чинники його розвитку. Відповідно, спостерігаються спроби поєднання способів побудови теорії, форм пояснення, кількісної та якісної стратегії збору й аналізу даних.