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The article analyses a recent reform of Colombian animal welfare legislation. In December 2015, Bill number 172 was passed in the parliament and on January 6, 2016 approved by the president as Law 1774. The Law reformed National Animal Protection Statute; the Colombian Civil Code; the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code. The new law recognizes animals as sentient beings and introduces new penalties for animal abuse. The new sanctions include prison sentences and fines and are the most stringent in all of Latin America for the crimes of abuse and abandonment. The law, fully coherent with the Colombian legal framework, represents a turning point for Animal Law in Latin America.

Cover title: Report of the committee appointed to consider the racial distinctions in criminal procedure applicable to Indians and non-Indians. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Treaty conflicts are not merely the contingent or inadvertent by-products of the increasing juridification of international relations. In several instances, States have deliberately created treaty conflicts in order to catalyse changes in multilateral regimes. Surabhi Ranganathan uses such conflicts as context to explore the role of international law, in legal thought and practice. Her examinations of the International Law Commission's work on treaties and of various scholars' proposals on institutional action, offer a fresh view of 'mainstream' legal thought. They locate in a variety of writings a common faith in international legal discourse, built on liberal and constructivist assumptions. Ranganathan's three rich studies of treaty conflict, relating to the areas of seabed mining, the International Criminal Court, and nuclear governance, furnish a textured account of the specific forms and practices that constitute such a legal discourse, and permit a grounded understanding of the interactions that shape international law"--

The ambiguous position of de facto regimes in international law has long been the subject of scholarly debate and a source of political conflict. An assessment of the current standing of these regimes in international law and the consequences of actions by international actors on this status has, however, been long overdue. The manner in which de facto regimes are regarded internationally has serious consequences for the individuals under the influence of this legal grey area. Therefore, the study into this problem and possible solutions is of great significance. The 2011 developments in Northern Africa underline the need of contemporary research into this area. This essay aims to clarify the position of de facto regimes in international law and the influence on their status by actions of international actors. The author first argues that de facto regimes have rights and obligations under international law, which provide them with (some form of) international legal personality. He then pleads for a reconsideration of the contemporary legal treatment of these regimes. The author argues against the current system of government recognition and proposes a system that better addresses the needs of both de facto regimes and the international community.

The article presents the results of a study of the problem of overcoming violations of the constitutional rights of participants in legal proceedings in cases with public resonance by criminal procedural means. The research is based on a dialectical approach to the study of social processes and phenomena, it used traditional methods for legal sciences - analysis and synthesis; comparative legal; formal legal; logical. The article is prepared on the basis of the author's work experience as a criminal lawyer and is devoted to the analysis of the following problem. The sphere of criminal proceedings has always had the greatest law-limiting potential in comparison with other types of process. Legal restrictions can be divided into two types. The first type consists of legitimate and conditioned by the necessity and expediency of obtaining reliable evidence in the case, ensuring the normal implementation of the preliminary investigation, trial, other procedural stages and functions, protecting the security and rights of participants in the proceedings, other persons involved in this process, etc. In this sense, such very strict measures of procedural coercion as detention, house arrest, regulation of detention, search, operational search actions, etc. and related restrictions of rights are fully justified. This follows from the constitutional provision that human and civil rights and freedoms may be restricted by federal law only to the extent necessary in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of other persons, to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the State. At the same time, procedural guarantees for the protection of suspects, accused, and defendants of their rights must be observed. The second type of legal restrictions in the field of criminal proceedings has no legal grounds and is associated with abuse and abuse of authority by law enforcement officers, preliminary investigation bodies, prosecutors, courts, etc. Such acts are clearly illegal, but at the same time their qualification can be different - from disciplinary, procedural, administrative to criminal. In the article, the author explores the background of the problem, using the example of criminal cases that have a public resonance, analyzes the system of rights of participants in legal proceedings, their legal regulation, the most common, most typical violations of the rights, first of all, of suspects, accused, defendants, as well as their defenders. Next, the author examines the legal means and mechanisms (methods) of overcoming violations in the criminal process. a number of conclusions and proposals aimed at improving the legal provision of the rights of these procedural subjects. In conclusion, based on the conducted research, the author formulates a number of conclusions and proposals aimed at overcoming the accusatory bias and violations of the rights of participants in court proceedings in cases with public resonance, improving and increasing the effectiveness of overcoming violations of the constitutional rights of participants in court proceedings in cases with public resonance.