Suchergebnisse

Farm population estimates indicate that the massive off-farm exodus is approaching its termination; during 1970-74 the rate of farm population decline fell to an average 1.2 percent per year. Estimates of farm occupations for 1974 imply that the nation's agriculture is dominantly a self-employment industry, though multiple job holding is widespread. The aggregate of persons doing some farm wagework is extremely heterogeneous and the market for hired farm labor is characterized by casual employment re lationships. Farm labor in the U.S. lacks market structure and is seldom a chosen life-time occupation. Of nearly 23/4 million who did some farm work in 1974, it was the chief activity for only 693,000. Contrary to popular conception, hired farm labor is not dominated by migrants; in 1974, about 8 percent of the farm work force was migratory. Evi dence on labor force participation, daily and annual earnings, and hourly wages illustrates that the hired farm labor market is dominantly a ready-access, casual market for the salvage of low opportunity cost time. Recent developments in federal policies indicate that farm workers are likely to re ceive federal protection equal to nonagricultural workers. Since 1967, hired workers on large farms have been covered by Fair Labor Standards Act minimum wage requirements, and agricultural minimum wages will be increased to general industry levels by 1978. Agricultural workers remain ex cluded from the federal unemployment insurance program and National Labor Relations Act. Farm worker unionization is prominent only on large-scale industrialized farms but will apparently continue to be exceptional nationally.

The uneven emergence of a labor movement, 1827-1837 -- The New England Shoemakers' Strike of 1860 -- The Railroad Strikes of 1877 -- The Pullman Strike and boycott of 1894 -- The Lawrence Strike of 1912 -- The miners' program, 1919-1923 -- The General Textile Strike of 1934 -- The General Motors sit-down strike of 1936-1937 -- The Labor Management Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act of 1947 -- The Memphis Sanitation Strike of 1968 -- The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) strike of 1981

This paper measures excess labor supply in equilibrium. We induce hiring shocks—which employ 24 percent of the labor force in external month-long jobs—in Indian local labor markets. In peak months, wages increase instantaneously and local aggregate employment declines. In lean months, consistent with severe labor rationing, wages and aggregate employment are unchanged, with positive employment spillovers on remaining workers, indicating that over a quarter of labor supply is rationed. At least 24 percent of lean self-employment among casual workers occurs because they cannot find jobs. Consequently, traditional survey approaches mismeasure labor market slack. Rationing has broad implications for labor market analysis. (JEL E24, J22, J23, J31, J64, O15, R23)

A compilation of Indiana laws relating to employment. ; No more published? ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Vols. for issued by the Dept. of Commerce and Industries, Division of Labor; for by the Dept. of Public Works and Commerce, Division of Labor; for by the Dept. of Labor, Division of Labor; for by the State Chamber of Commerce.

Hearings held July 7, 1965-Apr. 12, 1966 in various cities. "S. 1864, S. 1865, S. 1866, S. 1867, and S. 1868, bills to amend migratory labor legislation relating to migrant workers." ; Mode of access: Internet.