Suchergebnisse

The article presents regional classification of EU countries according to the knowledge development of economy, which in these days is treated as fundamental factor of international competitiveness. This differentiation created with Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and Knowledge Index (KI), which are use by The World Bank in Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). In the analysis used four main pillars (i.e. The Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime, The Innovation System, Education and Human Resources, Information and Communication Technology), which showed relation between individual components. The purpose of this article is to identify disparities in the use of knowledge in socio-economic life in the EU countries. This research was conducted with use of the cluster analysis (tools belonging to multidimensional comparative analysis). ; W artykule przedstawiono klasyfikację terytorialną państw Unii Europejskiej według rozwoju wiedzy gospodarek, która w dzisiejszym świecie traktowana jest jako determinanta międzynarodowej konkurencyjności. Zróżnicowanie to zostało skonstruowane na podstawie indeksów KEI (Knowledge Economy Index) oraz KI (Knowledge Index) wykorzystywanych przez Bank Światowy w metodologii KAM (Knowledge Assessment Methodology). Uwzględnienie czterech głównych filarów (tj. system bodźców ekonomicznych, system innowacyjny, edukacja i jakość zasobów ludzkich oraz nowoczesna infrastruktura informacyjna) umożliwiło wskazanie relacji pomiędzy poszczególnymi składowymi. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie dysproporcji wykorzystania wiedzy w życiu społeczno-gospodarczym w państwach UE. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone przy użyciu analizy skupień (narzędzia zaliczanego do wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej).

Introduction: Uneasy neighbors -- Israel, Europe and the Israeli-Palestinian peace process: from divergence to convergence -- Israeli-European Union relations in a multilateral context -- The bilateral nature of Israeli-European Union relations -- Israeli (mis)perceptions of the European Union -- Integration without membership: a future model for Israeli-European Union relations -- Conclusion: Looking back, looking forward.

This book contributes to a critical reflection of current legislative and jurisprudential developments in Non-Discrimination Law, focusing on the European Union. The book is focused on intersectionality between gender, race and disability and the question of whether, and to what extent, this intersection can be adequately addressed in (EU) law. The discussion rests on two basic assumptions. First, the multiplication of 'discrimination grounds' in EU law and other legal regimes should not result in a dilution of the demands of equality law. Accordingly, the book focuses on the three key grounds - race, gender and disability. These constitute nodes around which other discrimination grounds can be grouped. Second, any multi-ground non-discrimination law framework needs to engage with the question of discrimination on several grounds. This book provides a critical evaluation of some of the problems presented by such intersectionality and an opportunity to explore the issues in depth. This collection offers some new proposals relating to the regrouping of identity categories and to the general approach to socio-legal research in the field. It also contains a comparative section, which expands on practical experiences with intersectionality and law, and a section dedicated to juridical responses to intersectionality. The book will be a valuable resource for researchers, academics and those working in the area of EU non-discrimination law and policy.

This work deals with the values of the people in contemporary Europe. Using the survey data from the European Values Study, a number of basic values and the dynamics of value change are explored from an economic, political, social, and religious-moral point of view

Defence date: 22 June 2015 ; Examining Board: Professor Marise Cremona, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Patrizia Vigni, University of Siena; Professor Craig Barker, London South Bank University; Professor Rainer Bauböck, European University Institute. ; This thesis explores the development of European Union's model of protecting its citizens in the world, demonstrating it to be a unique and complex mixture of EU internal and external policies and instruments that is unlike any other international, regional, or domestic model of protecting individuals abroad. The thesis will critically assess the three main stages of development of the EU model until the present day. The first stage started in 1993, when the Maastricht Treaty introduced an EU citizenship right to equal protection abroad and this continued for the following decade. It will be shown that during this period the EU model of protecting the Union citizens abroad consisted of a purely horizontal form of cooperation among the Member States that materialised in a sui generis type of international agreement that has restricted the efficiency of the EU citizenship right, due to the Member States' reluctance to lose their State prerogatives in favour of the EU. The second stage of development started in 2004 when a number of international disasters affecting EU citizens in third countries led the Member States to accept cooperation with EU institutions and external policy instruments for the purpose of complementing their capacity to secure the effective protection of unrepresented Union citizens abroad. The third stage started with the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, which conferred an unprecedented power to an international organisation (the EU) to exercise State-like consular protection functions directly with respect to the Union citizens in the world. The thesis will offer a critical assessment of two decades of application of the least-researched EU citizenship right (to consular and diplomatic protection), its nexus with other EU external relations policies and its implementation by the Member States. It will show the added value of the EU model of protecting citizens abroad for the EU citizens, the Member States and the Union, while also making policy recommendations addressing the shortcomings in its current implementation. The thesis will demonstrate that, in spite of the scholarly critiques of the incompatibility of the Union model with public international law, the international community has widely accepted.

Fiscal decentralization has been widely discussed at various levels and from various perspectives. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the OECD), similar to the World Bank, also pays great attention to it. Fiscal decentralization has always been an interesting investigation topic, and the researchers, in addition to considering the future of the economy, study this problem from different perspectives, i.e. geographic, political and others. The effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development of the state has been investigated by various authors. Three different hypotheses provide the proofs of the positive effect of fiscal decentralization. The main advantage of fiscal federalism are efficient and adequate public services which are provided locally through the mobility of the citizens, voting power and competition between the local governments in the created ecosystem. The potential advantages of the competition among the local government powers are similar to the advantages associated with the competition on the private markets. The paper is focussed on fiscal decentralization of the state. It aims to investigate the theoretical aspect of the impact of fiscal decentralization on the economic development to calculate the index of fiscal decentralization and to evaluate the effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development in the particular states of the European Union. Thus, Bulgaria and Lithuania have the lowest fiscal decentralization index of EU-13 (0.28), while the Czech Republic has the highest index (0.46). The researchers have proved the effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development of the EU-13 states to be statistically significant and positive. The originality of this paper is that it introduces a theoretical model for evaluating the fiscal decentralization effect on the economic development and assesses the fiscal decentralization effect on the economic development of the particular EU-13 states.

Introduction / J. DeBardeleben & A. Hurrelmann -- Multilevel legitimacy : conceptualizing legitimacy relationships between the EU and national democracies / A. Hurrelmann -- Federalism and democratic accountability / J. Smith -- Between anarchy and hierarchy : governance lessons from global economic institutions / R. Germain -- Europeanization and democracy : the question of cultural identity / G. Delanty -- The quest for a European public sphere : news media and democratic legitimacy / H. Wessler... [et al.] -- Is there a European society? Social conditions for democracy in the European Union / A. Hurrelmann -- European elections and democratic accountability : the 2004 elections to the European Parliament / L. LeDuc -- National parliaments and the future of European integration : learning to play the multilevel game / T. Raunio -- Organized civil society and input legitimacy in the EU / J. Greenwood -- Euroskepticism as a path for inclusion : multilevel governance in the EU as seen from the East / D. Ost -- Gender equality and multilevel governance in East Central Europe / Y. Galligan & S. Clavero -- Conclusion / J. DeBardeleben & A. Hurrelmann

The European Union's capitalism in crisis / Noralv Veggeland -- The incapacity of the Union to act as a reliable actor in the international arena / David Ramiro Troitino, Archil Chochia, Tanel Kerikmäe -- Online piracy and human rights : reflections on the European approach / Anna G. Micara -- Critics of the Catalan independence process and Catalan political nationalism / David Ramiro Troitino, Archil Chochia, Tanel Kerikmäe.

Taking a contextual approach to EU free movement law, this book examines the interplay between the different normative concerns behind the EU's market freedoms identified in legal discourse. Through this approach, fundamental freedoms can best be understood as an interplay of doctrines and practices, as well as the institutions where this law is applied