Suchergebnisse

Processes of integration in Europe induce the comparison of the economic indicators in countries of the European Union. According to the forecasts, it will take some time for the new members of the EU to achieve living standards of the old members even taking into account the support from the structural funds. The article, after discussion of the methodological issues of the concept of the living standard, the major components that describe the living standard and the methods of evaluation of economic inequality, presents the comparative analysis of the living standard of the European Union countries that has been performed by comparing GDP and overall income per capita and by calculating Gini coefficients of distribution of the overall income according to the age and education. The last section of the article provides the evaluation of distribution of the household expenditure in Lithuania in 2004- 2007 by using the Theil and Atkinson class indexes and parametrical Gini coefficients for the measurement of inequality.

Processes of integration in Europe induce the comparison of the economic indicators in countries of the European Union. According to the forecasts, it will take some time for the new members of the EU to achieve living standards of the old members even taking into account the support from the structural funds. The article, after discussion of the methodological issues of the concept of the living standard, the major components that describe the living standard and the methods of evaluation of economic inequality, presents the comparative analysis of the living standard of the European Union countries that has been performed by comparing GDP and overall income per capita and by calculating Gini coefficients of distribution of the overall income according to the age and education. The last section of the article provides the evaluation of distribution of the household expenditure in Lithuania in 2004- 2007 by using the Theil and Atkinson class indexes and parametrical Gini coefficients for the measurement of inequality.

Avrupa Bütünleşmesinin önemli boyutlarından ve tartışmalarından biri olan ortak dış politika geliştirme konusu, gerek uluslararası konjonktürden, gerekse Avrupa Birliği'nin (AB) kendi dinamiklerinden dolayı 1990'lı yıllara kadar çok sınırlı bir gelişme gösterebilmiştir. Soğuk savaş boyunca, AB pek çok alanda ortak dış politika belirlemeye çalışmış fakat üye ülkelerin dış politika konularında egemenlik haklarından feragat etmek istememeleri ve dünya sisteminde iki kutupluluğun dayattığı kısıtlamalar nedeniyle uluslararası ilişkileri etkileme kabiliyetlerini çok sınırlı düzeyde kalmıştır. Ancak Soğuk Savaşın sona ermesi, AB'nin küresel rolünün yeniden tanımlaması için uygun bir zemin ortaya çıkmıştır. Nitekim AB'nin kendine münhasır özellikleriyle Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde uluslararası ilişkilerde bir aktör olarak kapasitesini ve kabiliyetini artırdığı ve uluslararası politikada önemli roller oynamaya başladığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı AB gibi siyasal yapıya sahip bir aktörün uluslararası politikada nasıl bir gücü temsil ettiği, onun kapasitesinin bileşenlerinin neler olduğu, hangi ölçüde uyumlu bir politika oluşturabildiği ve oluşturulan ortak politikaların hangi düzeyde tam olarak uygulanabildiği sorularına cevap aramaktır. Bu cevaplar ışığında AB'nin Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikasını oluşturulduktan sonra uluslararası ilişkilerde önemli aktör konumuna gelmiştir. Ancak üye ülkeler dış politika alanında sınırlı düzeyde işbirliğini ön planda tutmak istemesinden dolayı bu aktörlüğünü sivil ve normatif bir güç olarak sürdürebildiği gösterilecektir. ; A common foreign policy issue, one of the important dimensions and debates of European integration was able to show a very limited development due to the international conjuncture and its own dynamics. During the Cold War, the EU has tried tried to identify common foreign policy in many areas but the fact that member countries did not want to waive their sovereignty rights in foreign policy matters and there was restrictions imposed by bipolarity in the world system led to the very limited ability of the EU to influence international relations. However, the end of the Cold War created a suitable ground for redefining the global role of the EU. Indeed it appears that the EU has increased its capacity and capability as an actor in international relations in the post-Cold War era and played an important role in international politics. The aim of this study is to find answers to questions what kind of power an actor with a political structure, such as the EU represents in international politics, what the components of its capacity are, to what extent a policy can be harmonized and the extent to which common policies are implemented. In the light of this response, the EU has become an important actor in international relations after the creating of EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy. In doing so, since member countries are willing to keep a limited level of cooperation in the field of foreign policy, it will be shown that the EU's actorness could continue as a civil and normative power.

Includes index. ; "Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty." ; Photocopy ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Bound with the author's Report on the commercial statistics of Syria. 1840. -- 235 p. on 118 leaves.

Faced with a crisis of this nature, so dramatic, universal and resistant, I propose to analyze the most urgent and pressing challenges that this exceptional situation presents to the educational task. Facing the uncertainty, complexity and sophistication of such a universal system of relationships in which problems, possibilities and challenges of such an unpredictable, complex and immeasurable nature continually emerge require the development of individual and collective wisdom, that is, qualities and personal and social resources of a higher order, of a cognitive, emotional, ethical and social nature. For this purpose, it seems to me essential to unravel the complex, open and indeterminate nature of the mechanisms and processes of construction of the human subject, in the strange coordinates of this digital, global and pandemic era. What does it mean and how is the educational learning of knowledge, skills, attitudes, emotions and values promoted? How to understand the conscious reconstruction of the subconscious mechanisms that are acquired in everyday experience? A new pedagogical culture and another way of understanding the school as an institution makes its way with both necessity and urgency to seek the design of contexts, projects, relationships, forms of teaching and evaluating and ways of conceiving the truly "educational" teaching function, which accompany and provoke the possible development of autonomous, cultured and supportive individuals. ; Ante una crisis de esta naturaleza, tan dramática, universal y resistente, me propongo analizar los retos más urgentes e inaplazables que esta situación tan excepcional presenta al quehacer educativo. Afrontar la incertidumbre, la complejidad y sofisticación de un sistema de relaciones tan universal en el que emergen de forma continua problemas, posibilidades y desafíos de naturaleza tan impredecible, compleja e inabarcable requiere el desarrollo de la sabiduría individual y colectiva, es decir, cualidades y recursos personales y sociales de orden superior, de carácter cognitivo, emocional, ético y social. Con este propósito, me parece imprescindible desbrozar la naturaleza compleja, abierta e indeterminada de los mecanismos y procesos de construcción del sujeto humano, en las coordenadas extrañas de esta era digital, global y pandémica. ¿Qué significa y cómo se promueve el aprendizaje educativo de conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes, emociones y valores? ¿Cómo entender la reconstrucción consciente de los mecanismos subconscientes que se adquieren en la experiencia cotidiana? Una nueva cultura pedagógica y otra manera de entender la escuela como institución se abre paso con tanta necesidad como urgencia para procurar el diseño de contextos, proyectos, relaciones, formas de enseñar y evaluar y modos de concebir la función docente verdaderamente "educativos", que acompañen y provoquen el desarrollo posible de individuos autónomos, cultos y solidarios.

The Spanish amnesty for the Catalan independence movement is a victory for the rule of law, rather than a defeat. It is not an exemption from punishment otherwise due, but instead a reflection of the fact that the acts now amnestied should never have been subject to criminal prosecution in the first place. It is thus also a way for Spain to return to compliance with its obligations under European and international human rights law.

Příspěvek reflektuje některé myšlenky knihy Domestic Judicial Treatment of European Court of Human Rights Case Law. Beyond Compliance, a to s použitím zdánlivě rozdílných přístupů k analýze rozhodovací činnosti soudů: autoři používají argumenty politické vědy, systémové teorie práva i obecné právní teorie. Hlavním cílem příspěvku je poukázat na skutečnost, že analýza autorů není vypovídající jen o vztazích vnitrostátních a mezinárodních soudů, nýbrž dost možná šířeji i celých normativních systémů v současném pluralistickém uspořádání.

In the last 20 years, the international panorama has been affected by several legislative openings regarding the "end of life." This sensitive and delicate issue, in fact, has played a pivotal role in the ethical–legal debate formany years, leading to law promulgation inmany countries of the European Union. Following the example of many progressive countries, Italy has recently promulgated a law addressing this topic. More specifically, law 219/2017 focuses on fundamental aspects of patients' will, from informed consent to refusal of treatment and advanced treatment provisions, with particular reference to incapable patients (1). In Italy, at present, law 219 supports incapacitated patients with various figures according to the severity of illness. On the other hand, with regard to assisted suicide, the Italian Constitutional Court requires full capacity of the person, precluding this possibility to incapable patients.

García-Carpintero, E., Granadino, B., Albert, A. y Plaza, L. M. (2014). Actividad patentadora de América Latina y el papel de la cooperación con países europeos. Redes: Revista de estudios sociales de la ciencia, 20(38), 13-39. ; El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto eularinet (European Union - Latin America Research and Innovation NETworks), dirigido a fortalecer la cooperación birregional en ciencia y tecnología. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la producción y las capacidades tecnológicas de los países de América Latina, fundamentalmente en lo que concierne a la cooperación entre estos y los países europeos, a través de indicadores de patentes. Estudios previos han demostrado que las dinámicas de cooperación científica entre países europeos y latinoamericanos están fuertemente consolidadas, si bien los datos de este estudio muestran que la cooperación tecnológica es muy limitada. Por otra parte, el escaso número de patentes en colaboración encontrado no evidencian estrategias particularmente sólidas de desarrollo tecnológico. ; The present work forms part of the eularinet (European Union -Latin America Research and Innovation Network) project aimed at strengthening the bi-regional cooperation in Science and Technology. Its goal is to determine the production and the technological capacities of Latin American countries, especially focused in the cooperation between them and the European countries, through patent indicators. Prior studies have demonstrated that the dynamics of scientific cooperation between European and Latin American countries are strongly consolidated, though data from this study show that technological cooperation is very scarce. The results of initiatives in the field of analysis for strategic planning, as the project eularinet, provide a basis of essential knowledge so that European countries can optimise strategies of scientific and technological cooperation with Latin American countries.

AbstractAs Andrew Linklater has shown, Europeans have decreased their tolerance for, or endorsement of, violence over the centuries. Various international and domestic conventions demonstrate the point. This accomplishment rightfully deserves celebration. But herein lies the rub. While Linklater recognises the role of imperialism and colonialism in perpetrating global violence, he does not grant equal opportunity to the Rest in contributing to the world's new moral heights. Linklater assumes, for instance, that Las Casas never talked with indigenes to realise that they, too, warrant recognition as human beings; Catholic piety alone sufficed. The West thus towers in singular triumph, embedding International Relations (IR) in what I call Hypermasculine Eurocentric Whiteness (HEW). Still, the Other retains a sense of its Self. An effervescent spirit of play enables resilience and creativity toco-produceour world-of-worlds. Come out and play!, I urge. It's time to shed IR's 'tragedy' for the sparkle within.

Die Studie beschreibt individuelle Beweggründe von Schutzberechtigten für Reisen in ihr Herkunftsland, den internationalen und nationalen Rechtsrahmen sowie die behördlichen Meldewege und das anlassbezogene Widerrufsverfahren.