Suchergebnisse

Die Europäische Kommission, so versucht dieser Beitrag nachzuweisen, handelt seit dem Beginn des europäischen Integrationsprozesses nicht nur als ausführende Verwaltungsbehörde, sondern auch als Regierung und damit innerhalb eines ständigen Legitimitätsdefizits: Denn Regierungen bedürfen nach gegenwärtig geltendem Demokratiestandard irgendeiner Form von demokratischer Legitimation. Eine Demokratisierung der Europäischen Union hängt nicht nur davon ab, dass durch kluge Institutionenpolitik und durch Einrichtung einer Verfassung die notwendigen Grundlagen geschaffen werden, sondern auch und vor allem davon, dass die Bürgerinnen und Bürger Europas die Kommission als eine Regierung anzusehen beginnen und jene demokratische Legitimation einfordern, welche sie auch von ihren jeweiligen nationalstaatlichen Regierungen erwarten

This book examines how national security strategies relate to an emerging common European or global vision of security, and to human security ideas.Human security and national security are often regarded as competing and mutually antagonistic; the former was proposed and has been operationalised in ways which represent a paradigm shift away from state-centric approaches and the dominance of national-security perspectives. This has led to human security being associated with a broadening of the security agenda to encompass not only physical security, the use of force and military capabilities

In the European Monetary Union, the estimation and analysis of preference parameters in its members is of special interest because possible differences could help us to understand why a common monetary policy could have different effects on the different economies involved. In this paper we have focused our attention on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, one of the key preference parameters in intertemporal macroeconomic models.
Different studies have shown a possible underestimation of such elasticity for different countries. It is common practice to estimate the parameter using only non-durable goods and service consumption data, without referring to the service flows generated by durable consumption. This is only admissible if the intratemporal utility can be separated among the different consumption components. Our priority objective is therefore to test the assumption of intratemporal separability for a selection of European countries (Germany, Spain and France), and then to analyse the effect of durable consumption on the estimated values of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of these countries, our ultimate goal. Knowledge of such elasticity will enable us to characterise how saving in these economies reacts to variations in the real interest rate.

Competitiveness is of particular importance in the countries of the European Union and in the countries that are on the way to becoming members, especially after the adoption of the new Lisbon Agenda. Small countries are as a rule highly vulnerable to external shocks, face limitations in their ability to exploit the benefits of economies of scale and have very limited diversification possibilities a small population usually means limited human resources for the development of administrative capacity and for the workforce in general. In addition, due to the indivisibility of overhead costs, small states, have limited resources for innovation and the application of advanced technologies. Because of these characteristics, one expects that a small economy will find it difficult to meet EU competitiveness standards. A small economy on the path to joining the European Union, such as Montenegro, therefore must develop an effective administrative setup and an efficient regulatory framework in order to foster entrepreneurship and innovation to meet the mentioned competitiveness challenges. ; peer-reviewed

"The 'digital economy' is a conceptual umbrella referring to markets, organisations and their networks that are based on digital technologies, communication, data processing and e-commerce. It is multidimensional and its dynamic structure must be analysed from various dimensions, such as economic - changes in the nature of resources, production factors and economic processes; technological - technological progress viewed from a macroeconomic perspective vs. technological innovation viewed from a microeconomic perspective; regulatory - challenges facing regulators, new risks affecting the institutional order; and sociological - changes in society's functioning principles, attitudes towards work and human relations. The purpose of this book is to analyse the effectiveness of digital technologies as well as the fundamental factors that contribute to technological progress in the long run. It also examines structural and qualitative shifts in economies and societies. It investigates many research questions, such as the gap between the level of digital economic development in European Union countries; digital transformation and its impact on workplace skills development patterns; and also the legal framework for data as resource. The book approaches these issues from a multidisciplinary perspective, from law to economics and sociology. It focuses on definitional discussions, the measurement challenges, drivers for digital transition, the impact on labour relations, digital skills and education, data reuse and data extractivism. This is a comprehensive introduction to the different contexts from which the digital economy can be addressed, offering an innovative method for studying this complex phenomenon, and as such, it will be a valuable resource for students, scholars and researchers across a range of disciplines"--