Suchergebnisse

Por su importancia para la democracia y el ejercicio de los demás derechos humanos, los derechos políticos demandan un régimen especial de protección, con arreglo al cual debe interpretarse el artículo 23 de la Convención Americana. Sin embargo, en Colombia se admiten diferentes modalidades de restricción, como las sanciones disciplinarias que permiten a la Procuraduría General de la Nación (órgano no judicial) castigar a servidores públicos democráticamente elegidos con destitución e inhabilidad para ejercer cargos públicos. Pese al fallo de la Corte Interamericana en el Caso Petro Urrego vs Colombia, aún se estima que dicha potestad sancionatoria es legítima para luchar contra la corrupción. Debe examinarse el asunto mediante un control de convencionalidad, aplicando un juicio de proporcionalidad. ; Due to their importance for democracy and the exercise of other human rights, political rights require a special protection regime, according to which Article 23 of the American Convention must be interpreted. However, in Colombia different types of restriction are allowed, such as disciplinary sanctions through which the National Office of Internal Affairs (a non-judicial authority) can to punish democratically elected public officials with dismissal and inability to hold public office. Despite the ruling of the Inter-American Court in the Petro Urrego vs. Colombia Case, it is still considered that said sanctioning power is legitimate to fight corruption. The matter should be examined by means of a conventionality control, applying a proportionality test. ; Magister en Defensa de los Derechos Humanos y el DIH ante Organismos, Tribunales y Cortes Internacionales ; http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co

The present paper is about the guarantees of fundamental rights against the sanctioning power of the State in the Cuban legal system, making a brief outline of its historical evolution with special attention to what is prescribed in this sense in the constitutional order, from the colonial stage to the present of rupture that constitutes the constitutional consecration of Due Process as a guarantee of fundamental rights in the Cuban Constitution of 2019, as well as of the shortcomings that the Cuban criminal process presents in this regard and the need for legislative changes in order to be consistent with the new Constitutional text in accordance with the principles of legality, constitutional supremacy and normative hierarchy, in order to achieve a guarantee model against the ius puniendi of the State ; El presente trabajo versa sobre las garantías de los derechos fundamentales frente al poder sancionador del Estado en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano, realizando un breve esbozo sobre su evolución histórica, con especial atención a lo preceptuado en este sentido en el orden constitucional, desde la etapa colonial hasta el momento de ruptura que constituye la consagración constitucional del debido proceso como garantía de los derechos fundamentales en la Constitución cubana de 2019, así como de las falencias que presenta en este sentido el proceso penal cubano y la necesidad de cambios legislativos a fin de que concuerden con el nuevo texto constitucional de acuerdo a los principios de legalidad, supremacía constitucional y jerarquía normativa a fin de lograr un modelo garantista frente al ius puniendi estatal.

El presente trabajo versa sobre las garantías de los derechos fundamentales frente al poder sancionador del Estado en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano, realizando un breve esbozo sobre su evolución histórica, con especial atención a lo preceptuado en este sentido en el orden constitucional, desde la etapa colonial hasta el momento de ruptura que constituye la consagración constitucional del debido proceso como garantía de los derechos fundamentales en la Constitución cubana de 2019, así como de las falencias que presenta en este sentido el proceso penal cubano y la necesidad de cambios legislativos a fin de que concuerden con el nuevo texto constitucional de acuerdo a los principios de legalidad, supremacía constitucional y jerarquía normativa a fin de lograr un modelo garantista frente al ius puniendi estatal. ; The present paper is about the guarantees of fundamental rights against the sanctioning power of the State in the Cuban legal system, making a brief outline of its historical evolution with special attention to what is prescribed in this sense in the constitutional order, from the colonial stage to the present of rupture that constitutes the constitutional consecration of Due Process as a guarantee of fundamental rights in the Cuban Constitution of 2019, as well as of the shortcomings that the Cuban criminal process presents in this regard and the need for legislative changes in order to be consistent with the new Constitutional text in accordance with the principles of legality, constitutional supremacy and normative hierarchy, in order to achieve a guarantee model against the ius puniendi of the State. ; Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

Spanish current legislation guarantees the right to the translation of all documents which are essential to ensure that a person who does not speak the language used by the court can exercise their right of defence, which include decisions on the deprivation of liberty, indictments and judgments. Whereas judgments have been extensively studied (Holl 2011; Orts Llopis 2017; among others), the Spanish indictment (escrito de acusación) as a genre has been clearly under-researched by Translation scholars. Following a methodology that combines textual approaches and legal comparative perspectives, the aim of this paper is to discuss the results of a multi-level textual analysis of the legal genre escrito de acusación based on an ad hoc corpus of authentic texts, vis-à-vis its translation into English. ; La legislación española vigente establece el derecho a la traducción de los documentos que resulten esenciales para garantizar el ejercicio del derecho a la defensa de todo encausado alófono, entre los que se encuentran las resoluciones que acuerden la prisión del investigado, el escrito de acusación y la sentencia. Mientras que la sentencia ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones (Holl 2011; Orts Llopis 2017; por citar algunos ejemplos), el escrito de acusación ha recibido escasa atención por parte de la Traductología. Siguiendo un modelo metodológico que combina los enfoques textuales con el estudio jurídico comparado, en esta contribución exponemos los resultados de un análisis pretraslativo multinivel del género escrito de acusación a partir de un corpus ad hoc de documentos reales como ejercicio previo a su traducción al inglés.

In the Covid-19 pandemic situation, the government organized a Direct Cash Assistance as known as BLT for the people who were affected by Covid-19. The nominal amount of BLT received by the public is Rp. 600,000 per month. But in fact, the amount of BLT quota is not proportional to the list of BLT recipients submitted by regional officials, in this case, RT (Rukun Tetangga). So, to find out who is really suitable or appropriate, a decision-making system is needed so that the deposit of the BLT from the government can be right on target in accordance with the criteria set by the government. Stages of the study began with clustering of weights. After that, it is entered into the system to do a decision support process with AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The target of this research is the application that can be used to assist the government in distributing BLT to be right on target. Based on the functional testing of the system, the functions in the system have been succeeded according to plan. This system has successfully applied the K-Means and AHP methods for decision making, to receive direct cash assistance from the government. This system has a 100% accuracy rate. Where the most important criteria in this system are income with a weight of 0.394142515, ownership of a house with a weight of 0.231035138, number of dependents with a weight of 0.190359096, age with a weight of 0.081077616, employment with a weight of 0.058111736, and weight with a weight of 0, 045273898

Russian scientists attach great importance to one of the fundamental principles of private international law – the principle of the closest connection. The concept of the closest connection was developed in England on the basis of case law, the rules of which were created by judges in court decisions on specific cases. The legislator has included the principle of closest connection to the civil code, however, in light of the changes it made in the reforms of 2013, the closest connection principle was assigned a secondary role in relation to the principle of characteristic performance. The main purpose of the principle of the closest connection is to find the law and order that can most effectively regulate cross-border relations. The court will have to determine the will of the parties to the contractual relationship, aimed at choosing the right. Therefore, a close relationship is established based on the court's assumption of what right the parties would have chosen if they had considered this issue. The principle of the closest connection, in connection with this approach, often loses its independent significance. Article 1187 of the civil code of the Russian Federation does not specify the conditions of its application, as well as the scope of its action. For this reason, the category of the closest relationship is universal and applies regardless of the nature of the cross-border civil relationship. Russian legislation does not have clear criteria for determining the closest relationship, which may lead to a subjective decision by the court. In this regard, the study of problems related to the application of the principle of the closest connection in judicial practice is undoubtedly relevant.

No cabe duda que la defensa y promoción de los derechos humanos se ha convertido en uno de los objetivos más importantes para todas las naciones democráticas en el mundo contemporáneo. Para Colombia, este noble propósito es más que fundamental si se tienen en cuenta los clamores de paz por parte de todo el pueblo colombiano en respuesta a la ola de violencia perpetuada desde hace más de 60 años. Dadas las circunstancias, este trabajo investigativo tiene como propósito fortalecer la educación en derechos humanos y la participación política a partir de la creación de estrategias de carácter pedagógico impulsadas desde el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) para finalmente ser implementadas en el Colegio Ricaurte I.E.D. de la ciudad de Bogotá, institución educativa escogida para ser el estudio de caso. ; There is no doubt that the defense and promotion of human rights has become one of the most important goals for all democratic nations in the contemporary world. For Colombia, this noble purpose is more than fundamental if we understand the need to stop the violence perpetuated for more than 60 years. Given the circumstances, this research work wants to make strong human rights education and political participation through the creation of pedagogical strategies driven from problem-based learning (PBL) to finally be implemented in the Colegio Ricaurte I.E.D. of the city of Bogotá, educational institution chosen to be the case study. ; CRAI-USTA Bogotá ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Bo2EKF8AAAAJ&hl=es ; http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001395881 ; http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co

The article deals with the general principles of legal regulation of relations in the field of intellectual property. The present state of the legal regulation of protection of intellectual property in accordance with the current legislation is analyzed. The author outlines the problematic moments and gaps in normative and legal acts that require further elaboration.Key words: intellectual property, legal regulation of relations, object of intellectual property rights, non-traditional objects of intellectual property rights, protection. ; У статті розглянуто загальні засади правового регулювання відносин у сфері інтелектуальної власності. Проаналізовано нинішній стан правового регулювання захисту інтелектуальної власності відповідно до чинного законодавства. Автором окреслено проблемні моменти і прогалини у нормативно-правових актах, що потребують подальшого опрацювання.На сучасному етапі економічного розвитку важливе значення має створення ефективної системи захисту прав інтелектуальної власності. Адже збільшення інновацій, нововведень зумовлює створення робочих місць у нових галузях, які визначають стан світової економіки ХХІ ст. – економіки, що базується на знаннях. Захист інтелектуальної власності стосується також і створення цивілізованого ринкового середовища, де як виробники, так і споживачі були б надійно захищені від недобросовісної конкуренції, пов'язаної з неправомірним використанням об'єктів інтелектуальної власності, контрафактної продукції, виробництвом фальсифікованих товарів.Наявність сучасної, міжнародної, широко визнаної системи інтелектуальної власності є необхідним елементом для досягнення високого економічного та соціального зростання нашої держави. Охорона інтелектуальної власності сприяє використанню винахідницьких і творчих талантів суспільства, що, в свою чергу, є дуже важливим для повноцінного розвитку держави. Саме тому регулювання цієї сфери відіграє неабияку роль у збереженні науково-технічного та інтелектуального потенціалу України.Ключові слова: інтелектуальна власність, правове регулювання відносин, об'єкт права інтелектуальної власності, нетрадиційні об'єкти права інтелектуальної власності, захист.

Este artículo analiza la erosión del constitucionalismo social, el
control de los efectos de las políticas de austeridad, la defensa del contenido mínimo
y efectividad de los derechos sociales, los límites a la aplicación general del
principio de primacía del Derecho de la Unión Europea en relación con la dimensión
garantista del Derecho constitucional nacional y, en última instancia, el endeble
contenido del «Pilar Europeo de los Derechos Sociales», así como su improbable
impacto en el restablecimiento de los estándares sociales en el marco de la
UEM.
Artikulu honetan aztertzen dira konstituzionalismo sozialaren
gainbehera, austeritate politiken ondorioen kontrola, eskubide sozialen gutxieneko
edukiaren eta eraginkortasunaren defentsa, Estatu bakoitzaren Konstituzio Zuzenbidearen
eduki garantistarekin lotuta Europar Batasunaren Zuzenbidearen lehentasun-
printzipioa modu orokorrean aplikatzearen mugak eta, azkenik, «Eskubide
Sozialen Europako Oinarria» izeneko agiriaren eduki mengela, baita horrek EDBren
esparruan estandar sozialak berriz ere ezartzeko izango duen eragin urria ere.
This article aims at providing a comprehensive overview with
respect to the erosion of social constitutionalism, the control over the effects by
austerity policies, the defense of the minimum content and effectiveness of social
rights, the limits to the general application of the principle of primacy of European
Union Law in relation to the guaranteed content of national Constitutional Law,
and finally, analyses the frail content of the «European Pillar of Social Rights», as
well as its unlikely impact on the re-establishment of social standards within the
framework of the EMU.

The concept of reproductive negligence is probably not unfamiliar to men and women of child-bearing or child-begetting age. Many a restless hour has been spent worrying about the consequences of a skipped pill, an abandoned condom, or some other form of contraceptive carelessness. The general rule in such circumstances is that the injured party has no recourse in tort against a sexual partner whose negligence resulted, say, in a pregnancy. (Interestingly, liability may arise as the result of the negligent transmission of herpes.) To be sure, not all reproductive misconduct is negligent; some is intentional, as when a sexual partner tampers with his partner's birth control or lies about the use of contraception. But here, too, no liability attaches for the harm of an unwanted pregnancy. As the New York Court of Appeals reminded a male respondent seeking to avoid a child support order, "[T]he mother's conduct [misrepresenting her use of birth control] in no way limited his right to use contraception." Assumptions about trust between intimates aside, it is every man and woman for themselves in the world of private procreation. The focus of Professor Dov Fox's recent essay, Reproductive Negligence, however, is not on conduct, intentional or otherwise, between intimates but on the negligent provision of reproductive services by medical professionals. Surprisingly – we are after all talking about the provision of medical care by doctor – we learn right off the bat that plaintiffs who suffer at the negligent hands of medical personnel from whom reproductive treatment has been purchased have no recourse in tort, except in the rarest of circumstances.

Historiography usually takes constituent power as a sort of monolithic, extraordinary power that is able to generate a new political and social order. If generally speaking this approach is correct, the experience of the first constitutionalism in the Spanish Atlantic contributes to refine this perception. In this essay I analyze how this power was more effective in the field of the ius gentium, that is, when it came to define national sovereignty than in the field of inner public right, that is, in relation with social, domestic an ethnic order. ; Historiography usually takes constituent power as a sort of monolithic, extraordinary power that is able to generate a new political and social order. If generally speaking this approach is correct, the experience of the first constitutionalism in the Spanish Atlantic contributes to refine this perception. In this essay I analyze how this power was more effective in the field of the ius gentium, that is, when it came to define national sovereignty than in the field of inner public right, that is, in relation with social, domestic an ethnic order. ; El poder constituyente se ha solido manejar historiográficamente como un poder monolítico, una especie extraordinaria de poder que capacita para generar un nuevo orden político y social. Siendo esto básicamente cierto, la experiencia del poder constituyente en el primer constitucionalismo hispano permite refinar algo esta percepción. En este texto se muestra cómo ese poder pudo actuar de manera mucho más decidida en el ámbito del ius gentium, es decir, para generar naciones que en el del "derecho público interno", esto es, para reordenar las sociedades que protagonizaron aquellos trascendentales cambios ocurridos en la monarquía española después de 1808.

This legal research is conducted because in reality still found the right to land owned by the foundation on behalf of the management. This fact raises legal issues concerning the legal status of ownership of certified foundations in the name of individuals. The focus of this legal research is to find a systematic explanation of the validity of the status of land owned by the foundation certified on behalf of the individuals based on the Foundation Law and the legal efforts of the foundation's board so that the foundation's land is certified on behalf of the Foundation. The problem approach used is the statute approach, the conceptual approach, and the historical approach. Based on the legal research conducted, it can be concluded that (1) the legislation, the foundation is one of the legal entity that can own the right to land so that the foundation land still certified on behalf of the individual is legitimate as the property of the foundation, by certain legal effort; (2) the legal remedies that a foundation can make for the land owned by a foundation certified in the name of an individual may be turned on behalf of the foundation by a reversal of the name on the basis of proof of release of the landrights by the person in the certificate as the owner of the foundation's land or heirs if the person concerned has passed away, or the board of the foundation filed a lawsuit to ensure that the land of the foundation certified on behalf of an individual is designated as the property of the foundation.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of the formation of customary village governance based on Siak District Regulation No 2 of 2015 on Stipulation of customary village in Siak District, following the obstacles and efforts made to overcome obstacles in the implemetation of the formation of customary village. Based on Law No 6 of 2014 on Villages, Siak District Government has established Siak District Regulation No 2 of 2015 on Stipulation of customary village in Siak District which is a typical local government system based on the right of origin and traditional rights of society in Siak District. Although in its formation has been in accordance with the prevailing regulation, but in its formation is still found weaknesses that affect the effectiveness on the implementation of this regulation, so it needs improvement efforts for better governance of customery village. Abstrak Tujuan penulisan ini ialah mengetahui pelaksanaan pembentukan Pemerintahan Kampung Adat berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Siak Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 tentang Penetapan Kampung Adat Di Kabupaten Siak, berikut hambatan serta upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pembentukan Pemerintahan Kampung Adat. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, Pemerintah Kabupaten Siak telah membentuk Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Siak Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 tentang Penetapan Kampung Adat di Kabupaten Siak yang merupakan sistem pemerintahan lokal yang khas berdasarkan hak asal usul dan hak tradisional masyarakat di Kabupaten Siak. Meskipun dalam pembentukannya telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, namun ditemukan kelemahan yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah ini, sehingga diperlukan upaya perbaikan guna penataan Pemerintahan Kampung Adat yang lebih baik.

The Organization of the powers that be done through an amendment to the Constitution, is an effort to cover a variety of flaws that are contained in the Constitution before the amendment. One of this Constitution changes seen on the appointment of ambassadors.As for the formulation of the problem (1) how does the mechanism of appointing Ambassador RI before and after the amendment to the Constitution? (2) how is the role of PARLIAMENT in the appointment of Ambassador RI after the amendment to the Constitution? (3) how is the legal implications if PARLIAMENT does not give approval against the prospective Ambassador RI? Research methods used in this thesis is the normative legal research with this type of research is descriptive using secondary data sources that consist of primary, secondary law materials, and tertiary. The results of such research are (1) the mechanism of appointing Ambassador before the amendment is the prerogative of a President while after amending the Constitution should pay attention to the consideration of the HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES to eliminate the authoritarian nature of power. (2) the role of the PARLIAMENT in the appointment of Ambassadors that is giving consideration, but will not have a binding force, so that the President can heed or ignore such considerations. (3) the Legal Implications if Ambassadors are appointed without regard to the consideration of the HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES made a mistake, then the HOUSE can ask interplasi rights or the right to pose questions to the President on policies that have already been taken.Keywords: Role, House of Representatives, Ambassador

Darba mērķis ir analizēt vai likumdevēja ar likuma "Par zemes privatizāciju lauku apvidos" 2014.gada 3.jūlija grozījumiem noteiktie ierobežojumi privātpersonām, lai tās varētu iegūt īpašumā lauksaimniecības zemi nepārkāpj personas tiesības uz īpašumu. Vienlaikus tiek analizēta arī vienlīdzības principa ievērošana minētajos ierobežojumos. Darba noslēgumā autors secina, ka likumā "Par zemes privatizāciju lauku apvidos" 2014.gada 3.jūlijā iekļautie lauksaimniecības zemes atsavināšanas ierobežojumi daļā neatbilst Satversmes 91. un 105.pantam, un tādēļ normatīvajā regulējumā ir jāveic grozījumi. Vienlaikus autors konstatē, ka likumdevējs ir nepareizi nosaucis ierobežojumu mērķi. Tāpat darbā tiek secināts, ka ierobežojumu mērķis ietilpst leģitīmā mērķa "sabiedrības labklājības aizsardzība" tvērumā. Atslēgvārdi: īpašums, lauksaimniecības zeme, Satversme, īpašumtiesību ierobežojumi, vienlīdzības princips. ; The aim of the thesis is to analyze whether restrictions by the amendments of Law on Land Privatisation in Rural Areas of July 3, 2014 for individuals to be able to acquire ownership of agricultural land corresponds with property rights of individual. At the same time author also analyzes how the new restrictions corresponds with principle of equality. In conclusion, the author concludes that in the Law On Land Privatisation in Rural Areas included restrictions of 2014 July 3 on agricultural land alienation in part don't correspond with the Article 91 and 105 of the Constitution of Latvia, and therefore the regulation should be amended. At the same time, author concludes that legislator has wrongly defined legal aim of regulation. Also in the thesis author concludes that the aim of regulation fits to legitimate aim "protection of public welfare". Keywords: property, agricultural land, Constitution of Latvia, restrictions of property rights, principle of equality.