Suchergebnisse

In January 2005 the German Supreme Court permitted the state governments to charge tuition fees. By exploiting the natural experiment, we examine how government ideology influenced the introduction of tuition fees. The results show that rightwing governments were active in introducing tuition fees. By contrast, leftwing governments strictly denied tuition fees. This pattern shows clear political alternatives in education policy across the German states: the political left classifies tuition fees as socially unjust; the political right believes that tuition fees are incentive compatible. By the end of 2014, however, there will be no tuition fees anymore: the political left won four state elections and abolished tuition fees. In Bavaria the rightwing government also decided to abolish tuition fees because it feared to become elected out of office by adhering to tuition fees. Electoral motives thus explain convergence in tuition fee policy.

Intergovernmental transfers can help coordinate resource distribution among local governments to address the disparities between them. Local governments in South Korea heavily rely on general shared tax as an unconditional grant from the central government. Yet, the central government modifies factors and weights in the formula to allocate the grants; thus, the final grants might not always reflect the formula accurately. We aimed to empirically investigate the political influence on the allocation mechanism in practice related to the general shared tax in South Korea. We found that political influence, based on the political ideology of the municipal government chief, which is the same as that of the president, affects the amount of increased general shared tax from the central government. This indicates that the framework for the distribution of resources between different levels of governments is neither efficient nor equitable.

I. The languages and language varieties of Japan: 1. Ainu language and Ainu speakers / Mika Fukazawa -- 2. Ryukyuan sociolinguistics / Masahide Ishihara, Katsuyuki Miyahara, Gijs van der Lubbe, Patrick Heinrich -- 3. Ryukyu-substrate Japanese: Contact effects on the replacing language / Mark Anderson -- 4. Japanese dialects / Shinji Sanada -- 5. Koine and koineization / Shin Abe -- 6. Language and migration in Japan / Ruriko Otomo -- 7. English in Japan / Ryuko Kubota -- II. The multilingual ecology: 8. Metroethnicity: From standardized identities to language aesthetics / John C. Maher -- 9. Metrolingualism in transitional Japan / Emi Otsuji -- 10. Linguistic landscape / Peter Backhaus -- 11. Bilingualism and bilingual education in Japan / Sachiyo Fujita-Round -- 12. Japan as a multilingual society / Hiroshi Shoji -- III. Variation, style and interaction: 13. Language variation and change / Kazuko Matsumoto -- 14. Code switching, language crossing and mediatized translinguistic practices / Rika Yamashita -- 15. Language and social relations / Zi Wang -- 16. Politeness / Yasuko Obana -- 17. Impoliteness / Yukiko Nishimura -- 18. Gendered speech / Yumiko Ohara -- IV. Language problems and language planning: 19. Language policy and planning / Ruriko Otomo -- 20. Script and orthography problems / Hidenori Masiko (translated from Japanese by Yumiko Ohara) -- 21. Literacy and illiteracy / Takeshi Nakashima -- 22. Japanese language spread in the colonies and occupied territories / Toshiaki Yasuda (translated from Japanese by Yumiko Ohara) -- 23. Ainu language shift / Takayuki Okazaki -- 24. Language shift in the Ryukyu Islands / Mark Anderson -- 25. Language rights / Goro Christoph Kimura -- V. Research Overviews: 26. Language life (gengo seikatsu) / Patrick Heinrich -- 27. The study of Japanese language speakers / Riikka Länsisalmi -- 28. Studies of Ryukyu-substrate Japanese / Mark Anderson.

Introduction : a story of civil, social and political activism that starts in East London and travels to the USSR and post-Soviet Russia and Central Asia -- On time, place and youth activism, from Kyrgyzstan's 2010 revolution to the anti-racist movement in East London in the 1970s -- Schools of self-management : promoting an alternative urban strategy in the face of Thatcherism in the 1980s -- International volunteering and solidarity and the fall of Soviet socialism -- NGO capacity builder : organisational development in Central Asia in the transition period -- Improving services or promoting rights : ideological and practical dilemmas for NGOs faced with cuts to social welfare East and West -- Working in conflict : a Gramscian and world systems analysis of NGO responses in the new hot and cold wars -- Theories of change : new agendas of civil society, social and political activists at the international, national and local levels -- Conclusion : towards 2020.

"Caring for Our Own inverts an enduring question of social welfare politics. Rather than ask why the American state hasn't responded to unmet social welfare needs by expanding social entitlements, this book asks: Why don't American families view unmet social welfare needs as the basis for demands for new state entitlements? The answer, Sandra Levitsky argues, lies in a better understanding of how individuals imagine solutions to the social welfare problems they confront and what prevents new understandings of social welfare provision from developing into political demand for alternative social arrangements. Caring for Our Own considers the powerful ways in which existing social policies shape the political imagination, reinforcing longstanding values about family responsibility, subverting grievances grounded in notions of social responsibility, and in some rare cases, constructing new models of social provision that transcend existing ideological divisions in American social politics"--

Was ist das "Neue" an der Neuen Rechten? Seit der Enttarnung des Nationalsozialistischen Untergrunds und den politischen Entwicklungen in den 2010er Jahren hat das Lager der hiesigen Rechtsextremisten erhebliche publizistische Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Wesentliche Veränderungen sind hingegen unterbeleuchtet geblieben. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Neue Rechte und deren politisches Denken, ihr Verhältnis zu gesellschaftlichen Minoritäten sowie ihre Vorstellungen von Deutschlands Rolle in Europa und in der Welt. Die Beiträgerinnen und Beiträger des Bandes rücken Fragen zu Philosophie, zu Minderheiten und zu Transnationalität in den Fokus, um das tatsächlich »Neue« an diesem rechten Phänomen zu erörtern.

Hannah Arendt was one of the foremost theorists of the twentieth century to wrestle with the role of violence in public life. In Violence and Power in the Thought of Hannah Arendt, Caroline Ashcroft argues that what Arendt opposes in political violence is the use of force to determine politics, an idea central to modern sovereignty

In the United States, people are deeply divided along lines of race, class, political party, gender, sexuality, and religion. Many believe that historical grievances must eventually be left behind in the interest of progress toward a more just and unified society. But too much in American history is unforgivable and cannot be forgotten. How then can we imagine a way to live together that does not expect people to let go of their entrenched resentments? Living with Hate in American Politics and Religion offers an innovative argument for the power of playfulness in popular culture to make our capacity for coexistence imaginable. Jeffrey Israel explores how people from different backgrounds can pursue justice together, even as they play with their divisive grudges, prejudices, and desires in their cultural lives. Israel calls on us to distinguish between what belongs in a raucous "domain of play" and what belongs in the domain of the political. He builds on the thought of John Rawls and Martha Nussbaum to defend the liberal tradition against challenges posed by Frantz Fanon from the left and Leo Strauss from the right. In provocative readings of Lenny Bruce's stand-up comedy, Philip Roth's Portnoy's Complaint, and Norman Lear's All in the Family, Israel argues that postwar Jewish American popular culture offers potent and fruitful examples of playing with fraught emotions. Living with Hate in American Politics and Religion is a powerful vision of what it means to live with others without forgiving or forgetting

Why rulers rule -- It's a man's world -- The perks of power -- A dangerous game -- Rearing rulers -- Little acorns into mighty oaks -- Of sound mind?? -- The measure of political greatness -- The seven pillars of greatness -- Warmongers or peacemakers? -- Appendix A: Sample of rulers -- Appendix B: Methodology -- Appendix C: Data collection and statistics -- Appendix D: Political greatness scale

Le secteur cinématographique européen fait l'objet de nombreux mécanismes de soutien – tant publics que privés – gouvernés par des mécanismes juridiques spécifiques. Parmi ces nombreux instruments mis en place par les différentes législations nationales, une attention particulière mérite d'être accordée aux incitants fiscaux dont le but est de stimuler l'investissement de capitaux privés dans ce secteur particulièrement risqué, voire non rentable. Cette brève contribution a pour objectif d'esquisser les principaux dispositifs d'allègements fiscaux destinés au financement privé d'une œuvre audiovisuelle de trois États en particuliers: la France, la Belgique et le Luxembourg. ; The film industry in Europe is largely funded through States support mechanisms. Among the many instruments set up by the various national laws, particular attention should be given to tax incentives aimed to stimulate private capital investments in this sector particularly risky. This short paper aims to outline the main features of tax breaks for the private financing of an audiovisual work in three States in particular: France, Belgium and Luxembourg. ; Peer reviewed

Making the transition to renewable, low-carbon forms of energy could be the defining question of our times. Especially for complex problems such as energy supply the regional scale and new forms of control, coordination and cooperation—subsumed under the term regional governance—are widely discussed both in politics (e.g. G8 conferences, Climate Summits, etc.) and academia. The turn from conventional to renewable energies is one major topic of discussion. For this process of change, regional governance can be seen as the best way to initiate it. With the help of a case study conducted in Greater Manchester, UK, this article concentrates on two points: (1) the development of regional governance arrangements in the light of a low-carbon agenda as mixture of path-dependent bottom-up and top-down approaches and (2) the impacts of specific constellations and environments for regional energy development that include institutional rules, strategic behaviour of actors and strategic discourses. This article shows that the integration of a regional governance structure into the strategic development process can achieve a substantial qualitative improvement for the development of a regional energy strategy.

La Région wallonne (Belgique) souhaite simplifier et raccourcir les procédures administratives liées au renouvellement urbain à travers la mise en place d'une procédure d'exception pour les projets d'envergure : le remembrement urbain. La prise en compte des modes d'appropriation de ce nouveau dispositif par les acteurs de l'aménagement et de la promotion immobilière en donnent un autre éclairage. ; Peer reviewed

International audience La question métropolitaine s'est posée, à Barcelone, avec un retard lié à une configuration historique particulière. Alors que son attractivité économique et sociale la désignait comme l'un des pôles européens majeurs de l'urbanisation, la ville fut contrainte de se contenir à l'intérieur des murailles de la cité médiévale, jusqu'au milieu du XIXème siècle. Ce n'est qu'à cette époque qu'elle peut enfin rompre ce corset, et envisager la planification de son extension.