Suchergebnisse

Offers a fresh theoretical line in the field of European studies, pointing to the necessity of developing a dynamic multi-level approach, which captures the continuous interaction over time between EU level developments, national-level policies and the desire of all policy actors to further their interests and maximise their policy competencies

Preliminary Material /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Chapter One. The Registrar of the International Court of Justice: Status and Functions /Philippe Couvreur -- Chapter Two. Presentation from the Standpoint of Spanish Law, on the Legal Process Available to Parties in the Contentious Procedure of the International Court of Justice /Santiago Torres Bernárdez -- Chapter Three. The Travails of Poor Countries in Gaining Access to the International Court of Justice /Luis Ignacio Sánchez Rodríguez and Ana Gemma López Martín -- Chapter Four. Survey of Applications against Spain Lodged with the European Court of Human Rights /Santiago Quesada Polo and Stanley Naismith -- Chapter Five. International Criminal Court and International Tribunals: Substantive and Procedural Aspects /Hector Olasolo -- Chapter Six. Introduction to Investor-state Arbitration. A Case Study: Wena Hotels Limited (Wena) volume Arab Republic of Egypt /Andrés Rigo Sureda -- Chapter Seven. The Work of the Legal Adviser of International Organisations, with Special Reference to the European Union /Gregorio Garzón Clariana -- Chapter Eight. The Procedures and Case Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights /Alfred M. De Zayas -- Chapter Nine. The Un Commission on Human Rights Machinery for the Protection of Human Rights /Carlos Villán Durán -- Chapter Ten. The Procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Communities /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Chapter Eleven. References for Preliminary Rulings and Their Procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Communities /Alejandro Del Valle Gálvez and Miguel a. Acosta Sánchez -- Chapter Twelve. The Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Spanish Constitutional Court: a Comparison /Manuel Díez De Velasco Vallejo -- Chapter Thirteen. The Decision-making Process in the European Union /Francisco Fonseca Morillo -- Chapter Fourteen. Advising Governments from the inside: the Legal Adviser of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs /Aurelio Pérez Giralda -- Chapter Fifteen. The International Legal Consultancy of Governments from the outside /Antonio Remiro Brotóns -- Chapter Sixteen. Public International Law before Spanish Domestic Courts /José Antonio Pastor Ridruejo and Antonio Pastor Palomar -- Chapter Seventeen. Spanish Constitutional Court Practice on Private International Law /Julio D. González Campos -- Chapter Eighteen. Spanish Practice on Investment Treaties /Isabel García Rodríguez -- Chapter Nineteen. The International Practice and the Evidence (a Brief Guide for Young Lawyers) /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Chapter Twenty. Navigare Necesse Est: Internet for European and International Lawyers /Björn Arp -- Index of Jurisprudence /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Index of Authors and Authorities /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Analytical Index /Carlos Jiménez Piernas.

This paper analyzes the process of industrial diversification in the countries that were part of the European Union (EU-27) and those that were the target of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in the period 1995–2010 by means of world trade data derived from the BACI database (elaborated UN Comtrade data). Our results show that in both the EU-27 and the ENP countries, the evolution of the productive structure—as proxied by the export mix—is strongly path-dependent: countries tend to keep a comparative advantage in products that are strongly related to their current productive structure, and they also diversify in nearby products. However, this effect is much stronger for ENP countries, signalling their lower resources and capabilities to diversify in products that are not very related to their productive structure. We also show that the future export structures of countries are affected by their imports: both the EU-27 and ENP countries keep a comparative advantage in products that are strongly related to their imports, but only EU countries show a strong capability to diversify in new products from related import sectors. Our results also hold when controlling for geographical and institutional proximity.

The European social model is a vision of society that combines sustainable economic development with ever-improving living and working conditions. The issue whether or not it is possible to use one so-called European social model in the European Union countries, including in new member states and what it should be like, has been a topic of debates for a long time already. In reality, there are several different social models used in Europe, which interpret the concepts of efficiency and equality differently. The theoretical part of this paper will discuss the European social model and its typology based on research by various authors. We shall compare the social outputs of countries grouped into different model types on the basis of different socio-economic indicators. In the empirical part, we carry out a cluster analysis for positioning new European Union (EU-12) countries into mix of European social models. We concentrate on two of the most important aspects of social systems - monetary poverty/inequality and public policy - and try to classify European Union countries according to their social policy. In the analysis, we also evaluate whether the distribution of EU-15 countries, on the basis of Esping-Andersen's typology, is the same today after a major enlargement of the European Union. We use different clustering methods such as hierarchical and k-means clustering. The analysis is based on EUROSTAT data; clusters are formed on the basis of 2008 socio-economic indicators for EU-27 countries.

In this paper, we explore the relationship between different ways of getting engaged with cultural heritage and life satisfaction. Using data from a representative sample of the population of the 28 members of the European Union in 2017 collected in the Eurobarometer 88.1 (2017), we explore the relationship between use and non-use values and individual subjective well-being measured as life satisfaction. We present the results derived from the estimation of an ordered probit model where life satisfaction is a function of living near to heritage resources to represent non-use values, different ways of heritage participation (tangible, intangible, digital, and volunteering), and the usual explanatory variables that have been found to be predictors of life satisfaction. Our results indicate that the chances of being more satisfied with ones' life increase with volunteering activities, with visits to heritage institutions, and with digital engagement. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the multifaceted values of heritage.

Contents: Introduction, Paul G. Nixon and Paul A. Shotton; Change and continuity in the composition of the lobby community in the European Union: lobby explosion and lobby tourism?, Joost Berkhout; Issue areas, political arenas and interest groups, Anne Skorkjær Binderkrantz and Helene Helboe Pedersen; Evaluating pluralism: interest groups' policy demands and lobbying success in the European Commission's open consultations. A case study in environmental policy, Adriana Bunea; Outnumbered, but not outgunned? The participation of citizen groups and business interests in national and EU level consultations on EU policies, Rainer Eising; Regions lobbying the European Union: organizational forms, policy portfolios and venue selection, Bert Fraussen and Tom Donas; Privileged access to the European Commission's stakeholder consultations, Henrik Hermansson; Social media and the politics of interest representation, Paul A. Shotton and Adam W. Chalmers; A practical guide to European Union lobbying campaigns, Natacha Clarac and Stéphane Desselas; Advocacy 3.0: adapting to a new public policy paradigm, Tom Parker and Gabriel Gonzalez; Changing nature of public affairs agencies: the role of 'thought leadership', David O'Leary; Public affairs case study: The Centre - Brussels' first think-do tank, Martin Porter; European Union think tanks and public affairs: a fine line between independence and advocacy, Hans Martens; Conclusion, Paul A. Shotton and Paul G. Nixon; Index.

This paper assesses the loss of tax revenue to the EU through aggressive corporate tax planning to be around 50-70 billion euro per annum. On an assumption of no base from sources other than profit shifting, then this figure jumps to 160-190 billion euro. The paper presents the methodology used and the country-by-country calculations on which these figures are based. It describes the common tools used in aggressive planning, and the impacts these have on tax revenue, concluding with an assessment of the inefficiencies created by individual tax arrangements for large multinational companies in the European Union. ; peer-reviewed

Background: In the context of the WHO's 2016 Viral Hepatitis Strategy and the introduction of treatment that can cure more than 95% of cases with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the European Joint Action on HIV and Co-infection Prevention and Harm Reduction (HA-REACT) undertook a study in the member states of the European Union (EU). It aimed to determine service providers' understanding of the current services in their respective countries and the barriers experienced by PWID in accessing HCV testing, care and treatment services in their country. Methods: In 2017, 38 purposively selected harm reduction service providers completed a 26-item Englishlanguage online survey addressing the availability, accessibility and funding of HCV services at harm reduction centres. HCV-related data and reported findings were extracted by country or by responding organization. Results: Responses were received from all EU member states. Respondents from 23 countries reported that HCV tests are offered by harm reduction services in their countries, and eight countries reported that addiction specialists in their countries are able to prescribe HCV therapy. Almost half of the respondents (45%) said that their respective organizations had established referral systems with centres providing HCV treatment. Conclusions: Not all EU member states have harm reduction services that provide HCV tests, and many do not have established referral systems with treatment providers. Moreover, the inability of addiction specialists to prescribe HCV treatment points to missed opportunities to make treatment more accessible. Further, discrepancies were noted between the available HCV services and stakeholders' knowledge about their availability.

Front -- Contents -- Acknowledments -- List of contributors -- Chapter 1 The Impact of 11 September 2001 and the 'War on Terror' on European Foreign and Security Policy: Key Issues and Debates -- Chapter 2 The Shock of the Real? Trends in European Foreign and Security Policy since September 2001 -- Chapter 3 The Legality of Anticipatory Military Action after 9/11: The Slippery Slope of Self-defence -- Chapter 4 The European Union and the Reform of the United Nations -- Chapter 5 The Doctrine of 'Responsibility to Protect' and the EU Stance: A Critical Appraisal -- Chapter 6 'Conflict Prevention' versus 'Coercive Prevention': Where Does the EU Stand? -- Chapter 7 The Post-September 2001 Security Agenda: Have the European Union's Policies on Africa Been Affected? -- Chapter 8 The EU and Bosnia after Dayton: The Reform of International Policy towards Bosnia -- Chapter 9 Rethinking or Readapting EU Policy towards the Mediterranean and the Middle East after 9/11? -- Chapter 10 EU and US Policies towards Iran: Common Objectives and Different Approaches -- Chapter 11 European Military Changes since 9/111 -- Chapter 12 Crisis - What Crisis? Transatlantic Relations in the Age of Bush.