Suchergebnisse

This dissertation investigates the ideas and practice of human rights in Maoist China from 1949 to 1976 both from a philosophical and historical perspectives. It primarily focuses on the relations of human rights to citizenship, state sovereignty and political action in Mao's China on the basis of the reflection on Hannah Arendt's critique of human rights. The dissertation first of all gives an philosophical analysis of Arendt's "the right to have rights" and then conducts three case studies in the specific Chinese historical context: the land reform movement (1950- 1953); the Chinese foreign policy (1950s- 1970s) and the Hundred Flower Campaign (1955- 1957). It argues that although the term of "human rights" was dismissed as bourgeois concept in Mao's China, an awareness of human rights surfaced in the discussion of citizenship, state sovereignty and political action. The history of human rights in Mao's period also shows that human rights were primarily wielded as an instrument to achieve political ends by the Chinese government.

Dieser Bericht von Human Rights Watch konzentriert sich auf die Mängel bei der medizinischen Beweiserhebung in Fällen von Vergewaltigung und anderen Formen sexuellen Mißbrauchs. Zunächst wird ein Überblick über die politischen Strategien der neuen Regierung und einige Initiativen der Polizei im Kampf gegen die Gewalt gegen Frauen gegeben. Anschließend werden die nationale und die internationale Rechtsgrundlage erläutert und die zentralen Probleme benannt, mit denen Frauen konfrontiert werden, wenn sie einen entsprechenden Fall den Behörden melden. Ein zentrales Thema ist hierbei die medizinische Betreuung der Opfer und die Beweiserhebung. Im Anhang sind ausführliche Protokollbögen für die Befragung sowie die körperliche Untersuchung von erwachsenen Opfern und von mißhandelten bzw. mißbrauchten Kindern enthalten. (DÜI-Spl)

Examines Canadian Supreme Court method of judicial review under 1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms and implications for protection of human rights.

"Large-scale adverse health and developmental outcomes related to tobacco affect millions of people across the world, raising serious questions from a human rights perspective. In response to this crisis, this timely book provides a comprehensive analysis of the promotion and enforcement of human rights protection in tobacco control law and policy at international, regional, and domestic levels. This thought-provoking book offers significant new insights to the topic, laying the foundations for a human rights based approach to tobacco control. Addressing the function of law as a tool to help combat one of the major public health challenges facing society, contributions by global scholars rebut human rights claims presented by the tobacco industry. Emphasis is instead placed upon the human rights of vulnerable individuals, children in particular, as a result of smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke. Illustrating ways in which the right to health can be advanced with regards to tobacco control, smoking and the use of e-cigarettes, this important book will be a vital resource for human rights and health law scholars and practitioners as well as policy makers in public health law"--

This article is an intervention in recent debates about conceptual and normative theorisations of human rights, which have been increasingly characterised by a divide between 'moral' and 'practice-based'/'political' understandings. My aim is to articulate an alternative, pragmatist understanding of human rights, one that is importantly distinct from the practice-based account with which it might be thought affiliated. In the first part of the article, I reveal the fundamental flaw in the practice-based account of human rights: I argue that it is undermined by the ontological thesis at its heart, which naturalises and reifies political arrangements and institutions that are radically contingent. In the second part, I identify, and outline the attractiveness of, a pragmatist normative account of human rights. In contrast to the practice-based approach, this pragmatist account construes human rights in ideational terms. The pragmatist understanding accepts both the contingency of our practices and the cultural limits to moral justification, while nevertheless retaining a commitment to the enterprise of normative philosophical conversation. I argue, in contrast to prevailing interpretations, that the international theory advanced by John Rawls exemplifies a pragmatist account of human rights and points a way forward for theoretically fruitful but appropriately circumscribed analysis of the concept.

This report, commissioned by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), describes the nexus between climate change, environmental degradation, and the impairment of fundamental human rights, such as the rights to food, water, housing, and life. It explains how governments and other actors can address climate change in a manner consistent with their obligations to respect, protect, promote and fulfill human rights. The report was released during COP21 to help inform the development of the Paris Agreement.