Suchergebnisse

Ogni Paese sente il bisogno di individuare all'interno della propria storia letteraria un gruppo di autori e di opere che meglio rappresentino i suoi valori e la sua identità. Questa necessità comporta talvolta un processo di cristallizzazione, in quanto il periodo letterario che viene scelto come simbolo di una nazione è giudicato perfetto ed estraneo all'azione corruttrice del tempo. I principii della sua estetica costituiscono perciò un modello assoluto ed indiscutibile, da tramandare di generazione in generazione. L'immobilismo non è però un aspetto compatibile con la vita dell'essere umano e tutte le forme di idealizzazione finiscono prima o poi per incrinarsi. Il destino di ogni canone letterario è dunque quello di aprirsi e di essere oggetto di molteplici discussioni. Nel contesto europeo, la Francia è forse il paese che ha vissuto in modo più drammatico la costituzione di un canone letterario moderno. Per lungo tempo, il patrimonio letterario della Francia è stato rappresentato dai testi del Classicismo. L'ammirazione nei confronti dei celebri autori del Grand Siècle è stata talmente esclusiva da impedire l'apprezzamento di altre epoche letterarie. Per la prima volta è il pensiero romantico a mettere seriamente in dubbio il modello della tradizione classica e ad avanzare numerose proposte di rinnovamento. Il dibattito tra Classicisti e Romantici ha usato spesso toni violenti, ma ha favorito un'ampia riconsiderazione dell'idea di letteratura. La mia tesi vuole illustrare come si è trasformato il concetto di tradizione letteraria nella Francia del primo Ottocento. Le profonde riflessioni sull'idea di un patrimonio letterario nazionale potevano cominciare a verificarsi soltanto nella prima metà del XIX secolo, ovvero in un'epoca storica testimone di significativi cambiamenti. Lo scoppio della Rivoluzione del 1789 spazza via l'assetto del mondo dell'Ancien Régime. Nell'arco di cinquant'anni i Francesi assistono ad un rapido susseguirsi di eventi storico-politici: il Consolato, l'Impero di Napoleone Bonaparte, la Restaurazione di Louis XVIII e di Charles X, le insurrezioni del Luglio 1830, la monarchia di Louis Philippe d'Orléans, la Rivoluzione del febbraio 1848. La nobiltà è sostituita da una classe borghese, forte e intraprendente. L'economia evolve e si adegua alle leggi del sistema capitalistico. La letteratura sperimenta il lento passaggio da un canone aulico-aristocratico ad un canone borghese. La figura dell'artista conosce le prime disillusioni perché vive in una società in cui la sua arte è considerata come una merce. Nella revisione dell'idea di tradizione letteraria, la stampa e le istituzioni scolastiche svolgono un ruolo di primo piano. I periodici contribuiscono alla democratizzazione della letteratura, poiché garantiscono il successo di opere più popolari, lontane dai rigidi precetti di un qualsiasi canone. Riviste e quotidiani danno spazio allo scontro tra tradizione ed innovazione; riflettono sul presente e sul futuro dell'arte; introducono nuove tecniche di scrittura e di lettura. Dopo un lungo cammino di riforme che dura per tutto l'Ottocento, la scuola favorisce il perfezionamento della lingua francese e la conoscenza di una letteratura nazionale che parte dalle origini per arrivare fino all'epoca contemporanea. Per la formazione dei giovani è stabilito un corpus di testi classici che deve rafforzare lo spirito identitario e che ha il compito di preparare alle esigenze della realtà moderna. Se gli organi di stampa si occupano di ogni forma di letteratura, le istituzioni scolastiche mantengono comunque una concezione di tradizione letteraria abbastanza rigida, che non può sfuggire alle norme canoniche. Non tutte le opere francesi vengono ritenute un 'classico'; molti testi moderni sono vittime di una certa diffidenza. Il dibattito sui criteri validi per la composizione del patrimonio letterario non si chiude nell'Ottocento, ma verrà portato avanti nel nuovo secolo.

Large epidemiological studies that use accelerometers for physical behavior and sleep assessment differ in the location of the accelerometer attachment and the signal aggregation metric chosen. This study aimed to assess the comparability of acceleration metrics between commonly-used body-attachment locations for 24 hours, waking and sleeping hours, and to test comparability of PA cut points between dominant and non-dominant wrist. Forty-five young adults (23 women, 18–41 years) were included and GT3X + accelerometers (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) were placed on their right hip, dominant, and non-dominant wrist for 7 days. We derived Euclidean Norm Minus One g (ENMO), Low-pass filtered ENMO (LFENMO), Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) and ActiGraph activity counts over 5-second epochs from the raw accelerations. Metric values were compared using a correlation analysis, and by plotting the differences by time of the day. Cut points for the dominant wrist were derived using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient optimization in a grid of possible thresholds, using the nondominant wrist estimates as reference. They were cross-validated in a separate sample (N = 36, 10 women, 22–30 years). Shared variances between pairs of acceleration metrics varied across sites and metric pairs (range in r2: 0.19–0.97, all p < 0.01), suggesting that some sites and metrics are associated, and others are not. We observed higher metric values in dominant vs. non-dominant wrist, thus, we developed cut points for dominant wrist based on ENMO to classify sedentary time (<50 mg), light PA (50–110 mg), moderate PA (110–440 mg) and vigorous PA (≥440 mg). Our findings suggest differences between dominant and non-dominant wrist, and we proposed new cut points to attenuate these differences. ENMO and LFENMO were the most similar metrics, and they showed good comparability with MAD. However, counts were not comparable with ENMO, LFENMO and MAD. ; This study was conducted under the umbrella of the ActiveBrains and the SmarterMove projects supported by the MINECO/FEDER (DEP2013-47540, DEP2016- 79512-R, RYC-2011-09011). JHM and AP-F are supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU15/02645, FPU16/02760). CC-S is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2014-068829). IE-C is supported by a grant from the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (IJCI-2017-33642). PH is supported by a grant from the the Strategic Research Area Health Care Science, Karolinska Institutet/Umea University. AR is supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and the Collaboration for leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East Midlands. UE is supported by the Research Council of Norway (249932/F20). This study has been partially funded by the University of Granada, UGR Research and Knowledge Transfer Fund (PPIT) 2016, Excellence Actions Programme: Units of Scientific Excellence; Scientific Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and by the Regional Government of Andalusia, Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Entreprises and University and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR. In addition, funding was provided by the SAMID III network, RETICS, funded by the PN I + D + I 2017–2021 (Spain), ISCIII- Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Ref. RD16/0022), the EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations (DEP2005-00046/ACTI) and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 667302.

Organisational Psychology's focus on the formal business setting has resulted in the discipline limiting its potential contribution to and relevance in broader society. To address this shortfall this study was conducted in the paratransit industry, which is the largest contributor to the informal economy in South Africa. It is based on the argument that by applying discipline specific knowledge, Organisational Psychology may have the potential to assist in transforming the culture in the paratransit industry, a culture which has been described as violent, aggressive and undemocratic. As culture can shift through industry-leader driven changes in values, the first step was to understand what values are held by leaders within the paratransit industry. The second step was to find ways in which to shift values. Using Schwartz's (1992) Theory of Basic Human Values as theoretical framework, this dissertation consequently served to surface the values among paratransit operators which may underlie the violent and aggressive culture in the Cape Town paratransit industry. Secondly, it sought to determine if value shifts may be achieved through formal business skills capacity training. To this end, the extent to which paratransit operators who had participated in such a training programme demonstrated different values to non-participant paratransit operators was assessed. By employing a quasi-experimental post-test design participants (n = 46) and non-participants (n = 46) in a particular three-year capacity-building programme responded to Schwartz et al.'s (2001) Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ), which assesses the universal value dimensions stipulated by Schwartz (1992), as well as to additional scales assessing trust in the City of Cape Town (CoCT) and Transport for Cape Town (TCT). The sample valued universalism, benevolence, conformity and security – values that are not generally associated with violent, aggressive and undemocratic behaviour. Power, on the other hand, was neither valued nor not valued although it had been expected to be espoused strongly. The only result in line with expectations was that participants valued stimulation to some extent. Participants indicated trust in the CoCT and TCT. While training participants and non-participant paratransit operators did not differ significantly in the degree to which they espoused the different values and their degree of trust in the two transport authorities, the effect sizes for the differences in conformity, power, security, and universalism as well as trust in the two transport authorities were meaningful. It needs to be noted, though, that a number of limitations in the study design, particularly that no pre-intervention data was available, means that it is not possible to assess if the values of paratransit operators had shifted over the duration of the programme. Consequently, one cannot be certain that such a programme is an effective means of shifting espoused values. If, however, the values espoused by participants in this study are a reflection of reality, then paratransit operators endorse values that lend themselves to the formation of a non-aggressive and democratic culture. Organisational psychologists can assist in bringing about a positive shift to the operating culture of the paratransit industry by translating these value-conform behaviours shown towards drivers and by encouraging similar behaviour in their work and over time, these minibus-taxi drivers may shift their values and behaviours in turn. From a theoretical perspective, the findings on the dimensionality of the PVQ in the sample suggest that even though Schwartz (1992) assumed the value dimensions in the Theory of Human Values to be universal, what indicates each of these value dimensions is context dependent. This calls into question the universal applicability of the PVQ as a measurement tool for these values. The relative endorsement of value dimensions in relation to each other, however, was found to be in line with Schwartz's (1992) assumptions.

Computational modelling for quantitative agricultural policy assessment in the EU employs more farm level oriented approaches in recent years. This follows policy instruments that increasingly target the farm level and have effects varying with farm characteristics. At the same time, methodological advances such as Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) increased the acceptance of farm level modelling for policy analysis. By introducing non-linear terms into the objective function of programming models, PMP offers an elegant calibration property and smooth simulation response. This thesis addresses the lack of economic rationalisation of PMP and the econometric estimation of alternative model formulation. First, this dissertation analyses the economic rationality of the most often used quadratic PMP model. One potential rationalisation of non-linear terms in the objective function discussed in the literature is a non-linear capacity constraint (CC) representing some aggregate of labour and capital stock. Results show that the equivalence between a quadratic CC formulation and PMP model is limited to the calibration property of the programming model. In terms of simulation behaviour and estimation, the two models differ. Therefore, a quadratic capacity constraint cannot fully rationalise a quadratic PMP model. Nevertheless, it could effectively connect supply models to market models in order to exchange information on primary factor. Second, the thesis examines the consistency of Econometric Mathematical Programming (EMP) models. They allow estimating parameters of non-linear technologies using multiple observations and first-order conditions as estimating equations. The chosen EMP model is a single farm optimisation model with Constant Elasticity of Substitution production functions. A Monte Carlo setup evaluates the consistency of the estimation procedure under different error structures. Results show that the estimated parameters converge to the true values with increasing sample sizes. Finally, the dissertation addresses the lack of statistical inference procedures for EMP models in the literature. Bootstrapped confidence intervals are suggested here and evaluated with respect to the accuracy of the coverage probabilities, again using a Monte Carlo approach. The simulated confidence intervals generally succeed in approximating correct coverage probabilities with sufficient accuracy but results differ somewhat by sampling approach and choice of confidence interval calculation. Keywords: positive mathematical programming, capacity constraint, econometric mathematical programming model, errors in optimisation, bootstrapped confidence intervals. ; Konzeptualisierung und Schätzung rationalisierter landwirtschaftlicher Optimierungsmodelle Die computerbasierte Modellierung zur quantitativen Analyse der Agrarpolitik in der EU konzentriert sich zunehmend auf die einzelbetriebliche Ebene. Dies folgt der Entwicklung der Politikinstrumente, die direkt auf einzelbetrieblicher Ebene ansetzen und deren Wirkungen von Betriebscharakteristika abhängen. Gleichzeitig unterstützen methodische Entwicklungen wie die Positive Mathematische Programmierung (PMP) die Akzeptanz solcher Modelle in der Politikanalyse. PMP führt nichtlineare Terme in die Zielfunktionen ein und sorgt dadurch für eine elegante Kalibrierung und ein kontinuierliches Simulationsverhalten. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der fehlenden ökonomischen Rationalisierung von PMP und der ökonometrischen Schätzung von alternativen Modellformulierungen. Diese Dissertation analysiert zunächst in wieweit das am häufigsten verwendeten quadratischen PMP Modells aus ökonomischer Sicht rationalisiert werden kann. In der Literatur werden nichtlineare Kapazitätsbeschränkung (KB), die ein Aggregat von Arbeit und Kapital darstellt, als theoretische Motivation nichtlineare Terme in der Zielfunktion genannt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass sich die Äquivalenz zwischen einer quadratischen KB und einem quadratischen PMP Modell lediglich auf die Kalibrierung des Programmierungsmodells beschränkt. In Bezug auf das Simulationsverhalten bzw. die Modellschätzung unterscheiden sich die beiden Modelle. Somit kann eine quadratische KB ein quadratisches PMP-Modell nicht vollständig rationalisieren. Nichtsdestotrotz könnte es dazu beitragen, Angebotsmodelle und Marktmodelle in Verbindung zu bringen, um Informationen über den Primärfaktor auszutauschen. Die Arbeit überprüft weiterhin die Konsistenz der Ökonometrischen Mathematischen Programmierungsmodelle (ÖMP). Diese ermöglichen die Parameterschätzung von nichtlinearen Technologien mithilfe mehrfacher Beobachtungen und Optimalitätskriterien erster Ordnung als Schätzungsgleichungen. Das ÖMP für diese Arbeit ist ein einzelbetriebliches Optimierungsmodell mit konstanten Substitutionselastizitäten in den Produktionsfunktionen. Die Konsistenz des Schätzverfahrens wird durch ein Monte Carlo Verfahren mit unterschiedlichen Fehlerstrukturen ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die geschätzten Parameter an die wahren Werte mit zunehmendem Stichprobenumfang annähern. Abschließend, wird ein Verfahren zur statistischen Inferenz für ÖMP eingeführt und damit eine Lücke in der Literatur geschlossen. Die Arbeit verwendet Bootstrapping um-Konfidenzintervalle abzuleiten und evaluiert diese, ebenfalls mit Hilfe eines Monte Carlo Verfahrens, hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit der Überdeckungswahrscheinlichkeiten. Im Allgemeinen gelingt es den simulierten Konfidenzintervallen sich mit ausreichender Genauigkeit den korrekten Überdeckungswahrscheinlichkeiten anzunähern. Die Ergebnisse unterscheiden sich jedoch je nach Auswahl des Stichprobenverfahrens und der Berechnungsmethode des Konfidenzintervalls. Schlüsselwörter: positive mathematische Programmierung, Kapazitätsbeschränkung, ökonometrisches mathematisches Programmierungsmodell, Fehler in der Optimierung, Bootstrap-Konfidenzintervalle

Il presente lavoro di tesi è il risultato di un progetto di ricerca dottorale che ha come tema principale la memoria e il patrimonio mozambicano. Inserendosi nel filone degli studi critico-antropologici del Cultural Heritage, la ricerca ha assunto una postura in cui si è prediletta un'osservazione olistica dei contesti e una partecipazione diretta ai processi di oggettivazione. Grande rilevanza è stata data agli attori sociali, impegnati nella trasformazione e nell'individuazione di elementi 'memorabili' del territorio. Con un lavoro di campo di poco più di un anno, realizzato in tre missioni svolte lungo il triennio 2016-2018, la ricerca si è realizzata in Mozambico, ex colonia dell'Impero portoghese, con l'obiettivo di comprendere le modalità di costruzione e uso dei luoghi del patrimonio culturale nazionale, tenendo presente le politiche culturali intraprese dal Governo dal 1975, anno della liberazione, ad oggi. Nel tentativo di incontrare esperienze, il cui obiettivo è quello di sovvertire l'interpretazione polarizzata del mondo di stampo tipicamente coloniale che ancora oggi influenza le dinamiche della quotidianità del popolo mozambicano, la tesi si articola estendendo l'osservazione a due aree, Ilha de Moçambique e Mafalala, bairro suburbano della città di Maputo. Considerate 'luoghi della memoria', insieme sono in grado di ricostruire, attraverso le vicende che le videro protagoniste, gran parte della storia del paese. Esiste inoltre un filo rosso che collega l'isola, antica capitale dell'impero, a Maputo, attuale capitale, che trova il suo elemento di intersezione a Mafalala. Quest'ultimo è proprio uno di quei quartieri dell'area suburbana dell'antica Lourenço Marques (oggi Maputo), risultato del piano di sviluppo urbano coloniale che come ad Ilha de Moçambique, divisa in cidade de pedra e cal e cidade de macuti, anche qui produsse due aree, quella urbana detta cidade de cimento e quella suburbana, cidade de caniço, delimitata dalla frontiera individuata dall'antica Via della Circumvallazione, oggi Av. Marien Nguabi. Presentandosi come un'isola all'interno della città di Maputo ed estensione simbolica della cidade de macuti, estromessa come quest'ultima dalla memoria nazionale, Mafalala oggi è al centro di un importante processo di patrimonializzazione, avviatosi con un ambizioso progetto turistico. Un gruppo di giovani mozambicani ha infatti creato un nuovo brand, auspicando ad una seconda decolonizzazione delle mentalità, in cui il patrimonio culturale subalterno acquisisce senso e assume il compito di curvare l'asse centro-periferia a matrice escludente. L'individuo suburbano non è altro che il subalterno gramsciano, il quale, posto ai margini della realtà, articola la sua vita sociale seguendo un modello in cui al bianco si contrappone il nero, al dentro il fuori, al bello il brutto, alla stabilità di una casa in muratura, la precarietà di una di legno e lamiere, e non per ultimo ciò che è da considerarsi patrimonio culturale a tutto il resto, invece possibile di distruzione. In un percorso riflessivo che si snoda a partire dalla percezione di chi vive nelle case di macuti di Ilha de Moçambique, poco presenti nella messa in valore che l'isola ha vissuto con l'iscrizione alla WHL-UNESCO, e che si conclude a Maputo tra le case di madeira & zinco, oggi simbolo del riscatto, la tesi dimostra come sia ancora insita una postura gerarchica dualistica dell'uso degli spazi, che attinge ad una matrice di stampo coloniale, violenta, capace di autorigenerarsi. Mafalala si presenta come il bairro avente tutte le potenzialità di ricartografizzare la città, dando al concetto di frontiera il giusto peso: esso non è fisso e immutabile ma costantemente rimodellato sulla base delle esigenze del presente. Decolonizzare le mentalità significa quindi lottare per poter ridisegnare i confini e intenderli non più come separazione ma come l'opportunità di porsi di fronte l'Altro senza il timore di sentirsi minacciati dalla sua presenza.

This research aimed to examine the relationship between political trust and political participations among young voters. One hundred and five young voters participated in this quantitative study, sampled by using non-probability sampling (purposive sampling). Data were collected by using Political Trust Scale and Political Participation Scale, both developed by Akhrani (2016). Data obtained from this study were then analysed by using Pearson's Product Moment technique. The result showed that significant correlation between political trust and political participation do exist (r=0.296, n=105, p=0.002). This result implies that the higher the political trust is, the higher the political participation will be. This study have practical implication that votes from young voters matter significantly for political party as they constitute 20% of overall voters. Therefore, in order to win young voters' vote, government and political parties should improve their political performance.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara kepercayaan politik dengan partisipasi politik pada pemilih pemula. Responden dalam penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif ini adalah 105 orang pemilih pemula, yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling (purposive sampling). Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Skala Kepercayaan Politik dan Skala Partisipasi Politik dari Akhrani (2016). Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Product Moment dari Pearson. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kepercayaan politik dengan partisipasi politik (r=0.296, n=105, p=0.002). Hal ini bermakna semakin tinggi kepercayaan politik maka akan semakin tinggi pula partisipasi politiknya. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bahwa suara para pemilih pemula sangat penting bagi partai politik karena jumlahnya yang mencapai 20% dari keseluruhan suara pemilih. Dengan demikian, untuk mendapatkan suara para pemilih pemula, pemerintah dan partai politik harus memperbaiki kinerja politiknya. ; This research aimed to examine the relationship between political trust and political participations among young voters. One hundred and five young voters participated in this quantitative study, sampled by using non-probability sampling (purposive sampling). Data were collected by using Political Trust Scale and Political Participation Scale, both developed by Akhrani (2016). Data obtained from this study were then analysed by using Pearson's Product Moment technique. The result showed that significant correlation between political trust and political participation do exist (r=0.296, n=105, p=0.002). This result implies that the higher the political trust is, the higher the political participation will be. This study have practical implication that votes from young voters matter significantly for political party as they constitute 20% of overall voters. Therefore, in order to win young voters' vote, government and political parties should improve their political performance.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara kepercayaan politik dengan partisipasi politik pada pemilih pemula. Responden dalam penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif ini adalah 105 orang pemilih pemula, yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling (purposive sampling). Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Skala Kepercayaan Politik dan Skala Partisipasi Politik dari Akhrani (2016). Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Product Moment dari Pearson. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kepercayaan politik dengan partisipasi politik (r=0.296, n=105, p=0.002). Hal ini bermakna semakin tinggi kepercayaan politik maka akan semakin tinggi pula partisipasi politiknya. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bahwa suara para pemilih pemula sangat penting bagi partai politik karena jumlahnya yang mencapai 20% dari keseluruhan suara pemilih. Dengan demikian, untuk mendapatkan suara para pemilih pemula, pemerintah dan partai politik harus memperbaiki kinerja politiknya.

This study aims to obtain a description of the implementation of the policy of levy permit levies (HO) in Sub Cisarua Sumedang District. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive approach. The research informants consist of Camat, Kasi Pelayanan Umum, Staf PNS pada Seksi Pelayanan Umum, Staf Non PNS pada Seksi Pelayanan Umum, entrepreneur (obligatory retribution), Kepala Desa Bantarmara dan Kepala Desa Cimara. Data collection techniques were conducted through literature studies and field studies consisting of interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis is done by data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and composite. The result of this research is that implementation of policy of levy permit permit (HO) in Kecamatan Cisarua: Firstly, supported by communication factor, that is good socialization, clear division of authority, officers consistently apply rules and technical regulations in accordance with higher rules. But there are also communication factors that hinder the socialization has not touched the public awareness and the lack of commitment of the division of authority. Second, supported by the resource factor, namely: Employees are adequate, information how to implement the policy is adequate, compliance information on the regulatory staff is adequate, employees work based on letters of duty, and facilities are adequate. But there are also resource factors that hinder the information from the district level in the form of oral information, can not be used as a basis. Third, supported by disposition factors, namely: Employees support the success of policy implementation, employees are the most capable personnel to perform tasks, civil servants do not receive incentives because it is attached to the main task and function, while for non-civil servants available monthly incentives. Fourth, supported by bureaucratic structure factors, namely: Available SOP, there is distribution of the implementation of responsibility to the Section of Public Service. ; This study aims to obtain a description of the implementation of the policy of levy permit levies (HO) in Sub Cisarua Sumedang District. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive approach. The research informants consist of Camat, Kasi Pelayanan Umum, Staf PNS pada Seksi Pelayanan Umum, Staf Non PNS pada Seksi Pelayanan Umum, entrepreneur (obligatory retribution), Kepala Desa Bantarmara dan Kepala Desa Cimara. Data collection techniques were conducted through literature studies and field studies consisting of interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis is done by data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and composite. The result of this research is that implementation of policy of levy permit permit (HO) in Kecamatan Cisarua: Firstly, supported by communication factor, that is good socialization, clear division of authority, officers consistently apply rules and technical regulations in accordance with higher rules. But there are also communication factors that hinder the socialization has not touched the public awareness and the lack of commitment of the division of authority. Second, supported by the resource factor, namely: Employees are adequate, information how to implement the policy is adequate, compliance information on the regulatory staff is adequate, employees work based on letters of duty, and facilities are adequate. But there are also resource factors that hinder the information from the district level in the form of oral information, can not be used as a basis. Third, supported by disposition factors, namely: Employees support the success of policy implementation, employees are the most capable personnel to perform tasks, civil servants do not receive incentives because it is attached to the main task and function, while for non-civil servants available monthly incentives. Fourth, supported by bureaucratic structure factors, namely: Available SOP, there is distribution of the implementation of responsibility to the Section of Public Service.

Le batterie agli ioni di litio hanno molti vantaggi e applicazioni in campo industriale. I loro punti di forza sono l'elevata tensione di cella, l'elevata densità di energetica (migliore di sempre), lungo ciclo di vita, rispettosità dell'ambiente, effetto memoria quasi assente, ampio intervallo di temperatura di lavoro, tasso di autoscarica molto basso ecc. Hanno anche diverse applicazioni come ad esempio in telefoni cellulari, fotocamere digitali, dispositivi elettronici e accumulo di energia. Negli ultimi anni, la gamma di applicazioni Li-ion è diventata più ampia, estendendosi ai settori aerospaziale, militare e altri settori critici. Infatti, le caratteristiche di affidabilità consentono di impiegare tale tecnologia anche laddove questa è cruciale per la funzionalità dell'intero sistema. L'affidabilità è un vantaggio per le batterie agli ioni di litio, anche se sono stati registrati diversi episodi di guasto della batteria da quando sono state introdotte sul mercato. Un esempio recente è quello dei Samsung Galaxy Note 7 che hanno preso fuoco durante i voli aerei, così che la Federal Aviation Administration ha consigliato fortemente ai passeggeri di non accendere questi dispositivi a bordo dell'aeromobile. Negli ultimi anni, le batterie agli ioni di litio hanno raggiunto un livello di implementazione tale da consentire il loro utilizzo per applicazioni automobilistiche; al giorno d'oggi tutti i produttori di automobili hanno in programma di offrire nelle loro flotte almeno una versione di veicolo elettrico o ibrido che equipaggi una batteria al litio. Ulteriori miglioramenti sono stati fatti sui Sistemi di gestione delle batterie (BMS) che hano un ruolo chiave per quanto riguarda la sicurezza della batteria. Tuttavia, i sistemi la cui affidabilità è una qualità intrinseca stanno suscitando l'interesse di alcune case automobilistiche e produttori di batterie. Le batterie agli ioni di litio allo stato solido (SSBs) sono attualmente la tecnologia più interessante da questo punto di vista. Pertanto, questo progetto di tesi è stato focalizzato sulla ricerca di ciò che il mercato può offrire in relazione a questa nuova tecnologia e sulla valutazione delle prestazioni che può essere in grado di fornire. I limiti delle prestazioni elettriche delle SSBs sono stati rilevati, anche grazie agli strumenti di simulazione come MATLAB e Simulink. Innanzitutto un modello di batteria è stato creato e validato con dati sperimentali forniti da un produttore di batterie. Quindi è stato costruito un modello di veicolo elettrico comprendente la dinamica longitudinale del veicolo e il comando di velocità come input. I limiti della batteria sono stati trovati nella capacità o meno del veicolo di marciare alla velocità richiesta. Ciò che è stato osservato, sia nelle schede tecniche della batteria che durante le simulazioni, è l'incapacità delle batterie allo stato solido di fornire potenze elevate e quindi di seguire la velocità richiesta. In altre parole, hanno dimostrato di non fornire abbastanza potenza rispetto ad una classica batteria agli ioni di litio. Infine, la ricerca nel campo delle batterie al litio tutt'altro che terminata, quindi ci si aspettano ulteriori miglioramenti nei prossimi anni. Attualmente, le batterie agli ioni di litio allo stato solido non hanno dimostrato di essere competitive con quelle agli ioni di litio. Un BMS ben progettato può rendere effettivamente sicuro un sistema instabile come la batteria agli ioni di litio, anche grazie ai sistemi di raffreddamento. In altre parole, la sicurezza della batteria è attualmente considerata un problema gestibile e risolto, dando maggiore priorità alle prestazioni della batteria ed alla densità energetica. Tuttavia, non sarebbe una sorpresa se i laboratori chimici di ricerca attivi nel campo delle batterie venisse trovata una soluzione per rendere le SSBs più potenti e competitive.

Il 17 dicembre 2018 l'Autorità garante per l'infanzia e l'adolescenza - l'Autorità nazionale di garanzia per i diritti delle persone minorenni in Italia - ha reso pubblico il documento di studio e di proposta intitolato "La mediazione penale e altri percorsi di giustizia riparativa nel procedimento penale minorile". Si tratta di un lavoro che, sulla base delle competenze che la legge assegna all'Autorità garante, prende le mosse dall'urgenza di fornire agli operatori del settore - magistrati, avvocati, assistenti sociali e altri soggetti che intervengono nella giustizia minorile - alcune indicazioni utili a facilitare il ricorso a percorsi di giustizia riparativa la cui efficacia e positività è comprovata da decenni di esperienze sul campo in diverse parti d'Italia e che tuttavia ancora non godono di un riconoscimento normativo esplicito, nonostante le raccomandazioni internazionali, la più recente delle quali è costituita dalla Raccomandazione CM/Rec(2018)8 del Comitato dei Ministri del Consiglio d'Europa relativa alla giustizia riparativa in ambito penale. Un riferimento ai "percorsi di giustizia riparativa e di mediazione con le vittime di reato", i quali espressamente devono essere "favoriti", è presente nella norma di apertura del d.lgs. 2 ottobre 2018 n. 121 di attuazione della Riforma Orlando, laddove sono richiamate le "regole e finalità" che devono guidare l'esecuzione della pena detentiva e delle misure penali di comunità nei confronti delle persone minorenni. Tale riferimento rischia di rimanere ambiguo nel suo significato e dare adito a interpretazioni fuorvianti, non essendo la giustizia riparativa e la mediazione disciplinate nel decreto legislativo stesso e non essendo stata esercitata, a seguito di parere negativo delle Commissioni Giustizia di Camera e Senato nell'attuale legislatura, la delega in questa materia contenuta nella legge 23 giugno 2017, n. 103 (A.G. n. 29). Sulla scorta di un ciclo di audizioni, condotte da una commissione appositamente costituita, è stato condotto un monitoraggio nazionale per raccogliere le buone prassi e le criticità in particolare in ordine, in particolare, al delicato rapporto tra giustizia riparativa e procedimento penale minorile. Si sono voluti in questo modo indagare, da un lato, i nodi problematici sollevati dall'ingresso della restorative justice nel sistema processuale minorile rispetto a garanzie e diritti nell'ottica della realizzazione della child friendly justice sollecitata da Unione Europea e Consiglio d'Europa e, dall'altro, far emergere e diffondere possibili soluzioni insieme all'indicazione di pratiche corrette. Tutto in attesa di una legge volta a legittimare in pieno, e orientare, l'apporto significativo della giustizia riparativa al sistema penale. Il documento, disponibile sul sito dell'Autorità garante, contiene, oltre ad alcuni approfondimenti e agli esiti del monitoraggio su scala nazionale, le raccomandazioni dell'Autorità garante rivolte alle istituzioni competenti in ordine ai seguenti temi: 1. Disponibilità e accesso alla mediazione penale e in generale alla giustizia riparativa; 2. Disciplina normativa (de iure condendo); 3. Modalità d'innesto dei percorsi di giustizia riparativa nel procedimento penale a normativa invariata; 4. Reti per la giustizia riparativa; 5. Sensibilizzazione, formazione e informazione. Destinatari delle raccomandazioni sono Parlamento, Governo, ministeri (Giustizia, Interno, Difesa, Istruzione, Economia e Finanze), regioni, comuni, Consiglio superiore della magistratura, Scuola Superiore della Magistratura, autorità giudiziaria, Consiglio Nazionale Forense, ordini degli avvocati, uffici e i centri di mediazione penale e di giustizia riparativa. Il documento riporta inoltre in allegato la traduzione non ufficiale in lingua italiana, ad opera dell'ufficio dell'Autorità garante, della citata Raccomandazione del Consiglio d'Europa CM/Rec(2018)8 sulla giustizia riparativa in materia penale, del 3 ottobre 2018. ; Study document issued by the Italian Authority Guarantor for Children and Adolescents concerning restorative justice in juvenile criminal matters. The document includes recommendations for legislators and practitioners (courts, prosecution, social services, advocacy and RJ centers and offices).

The thesis contains four separate essays, spanning questions of the interaction between public policy, household finance and the macroeconomy. How does public policy affect macroeconomic outcomes, and the choices and welfare of households, and what are households' optimal financial responses to changes in macroeconomic environments? Furthermore, the thesis includes a development of a method, which is helpful to answer questions like the ones stated above. The first essay, Optimal Public Policy in a Multi-Sector Economy with Asymmetric Shocks, shows how fiscal policy can complement monetary policy. It is shown that fiscal policy can be used to improve macroeconomic outcomes and make the economy more efficient. Since fiscal policy, in general, includes more instruments than monetary policy, it is possible to neutralize several frictions in the economy simultaneously. This is shown in a general equilibrium model with dynastic households, where firms face monopolistic competition, sticky prices, productivity shocks and cost-push shocks. The second essay, On the Design of Mortgage Default Legislation, asks how different types of mortgage contracts interact with different types of mortgage default policies regarding the probability of a default on home-owner's mortgage. The different types of mortgage contracts analyzed are fixed rate annuity mortgages, adjustable rate amortized mortgages and adjustable rate non-amortized mortgages. The mortgage default policies span from non-recourse (where the mortgage lender takes all the default risk) to full recourse (where the borrower takes all the default risk). It is shown that a "borrower friendly" non-recourse policy is, as the one implemented in many parts of the United States, not necessarily borrower friendly due to its effect on the risk premium. This is investigated in a model with finitely lived households and an endogenous risk premium. The third essay, On The Empirical Relevance of Cointegration Between Stock Market Returns and Labor Income on Optimal Portfolio Choice, investigates how finitely lived households optimally choose a portfolio consisting of risk-free bonds and risky equity, and how this choice is affected by the long-run correlation between risky (cumulative) equity returns and stochastic labor income. More specifically, I investigate if the empirical cointegration (long-run correlation) between the two variables is strong enough to affect the optimal portfolio choice. It is shown that it is not. Cointegration exists between the two variables, but the speed-of-adjustment back to the cointegration equilibrium is to slow to have a significant effect on the households' optimal portfolios. The fourth essay, Solving Dynamic Programming Problems Using Stochastic Grids and Nearest-Neighbor Interpolation, describes a new computational method, which is used in the second and third essays. The method is developed to solve models with finitely lived households who face a complex economic environment. Post-state decision rules for the households are used together with simulated stochastic grids over the exogenous variables. By simulating the grids it is possible to reduce the number of grid points that the model is solved for, thereby making it significantly faster to solve models with many exogenous state variables. It is shown that it is possible to solve non-linear life-cycle models including at least eight state variables relatively quickly on a standard desktop computer. ; At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Abstract: The presence of numerous religions in the midst requires negotiation. Negotiation is the way an individual or groups get the recognition from others. In negotiations, each group tries to reduce their bargaining position for an agreement in order to get the benefits for both parties. Negotiation models employed by the follower of religious minorities like Christian, Catholic, and Buddha in the mid of Muslim majority in South Padang District are: first, Church without the symbol of cross--Catholic do not mind to take off their cross symbol in their church so that the church looks like a regular building. This action is done by Catholic to honor the Minangkabau sensitivity on the establishment of church; second, using hijab for non-Muslim students--wearing "hijab" to minimize their differences with the Muslim Students, especially in public school; third, the housing ritual for Christian. Its can be done by the obeying of them to the local regulations and negotiation with local leader; fourth, Buddhist was not stunted become the chief committee of the establishing of mosque; fifth, the sacrificial meat not only enjoyed by Muslim but also non-Muslim. Although, the negotiation on the establishing the new church difficult to be realized, but on the others field like political, education, economic, the negotiation were implemented well.الملخص: يحتاج وجود العديد من الديانات حول المجتمع إلى التفاوض. التفاوض هو الطريقة التي يحصل بها الفرد أو المجموعات على الاعتراف من الآخرين. في التفاوض تحاول كل مجموعات أن تخضع موقفها من أجل الوصول إلى اتفاق للحصول على الفوائد لكلا الطرفين. ونماذج التفاوض المستخدمة من قبل أتباع الأقليات الدينية مثل المسيحيين والكاثوليكين وبوذيين أثناء أغلبية المسلمين في جنوب بادانج كما يلي: أولاً، لا تكون فى الكنيسة رمز الصليب- خلع الكاثوليكيون رمز الصليب في كنيستهم حتى تبدو الكنيسة كأنها مبنى عادي. تمّ هذا الإجراء من قبل الكاثوليكييين لتحريم حساسية شعبة ميناج كابو على بناء الكنيسة هناك. ثانيا، ارتداء الحجاب للطالبات غير المسلمين- ارتداء الحجاب لتقليل اختلافاتهم مع الطالبات المسلمات وخاصة في المدارس العامة. ثالثا، العبادة السكنية للمسيحية يمكن أن يتم ذلك عن طريق إطاعتها إلى النظام المحلي والتفاوض مع الزعيم المحلي. رابعا، لا يتوقف أن يصبح البوذية رئيسية اللجنة لتأسيس بناء المسجد. خامسًا، لحم الأضحية لا يتمتعه المسلمون فحسب بل غير المسلمين أيضا. على الرغم من أن التفاوض على بناء كنيسة جديدة صعب لأن يتحقق ولكن في مجالات أخرى مثل السياسة والتعليم والاقتصاد تم تنفيذ التفاوض بشكل جيد. Abstrak: Kehadiran banyak agama di tengah-tengah masyarakat membutuhkan negosiasi. Negosiasi adalah cara individu atau kelompok mendapatkan pengakuan dari orang lain. Dalam negosiasi, masing-masing kelompok berusaha mengurangi posisi tawar mereka untuk sebuah perjanjian agar mendapat manfaat bagi kedua belah pihak. Model negosiasi yang digunakan oleh pengikut agama minoritas seperti Kristen, Katolik, dan Buddha di tengah-tengah mayoritas Muslim di Kabupaten Padang Selatan adalah: pertama, gereja tanpa simbol salib - Katolik tidak keberatan melepas simbol salib mereka di gereja sehingga gereja terlihat seperti bangunan biasa. Tindakan ini dilakukan oleh Katolik untuk menghormati kepekaan Minangkabau pada pendirian gereja; kedua, menggunakan jilbab untuk siswa non-Muslim -mengenakan "jilbab" untuk meminimalkan perbedaan mereka dengan Siswa Muslim, terutama di sekolah umum; ketiga, ritual perumahan bagi orang Kristen. Ini dapat dilakukan dengan mematuhi mereka terhadap peraturan lokal dan negosiasi dengan pemimpin lokal; keempat, umat Buddha tidak terhambat menjadi panitia utama pendirian masjid; kelima, daging kurban tidak hanya dinikmati oleh Muslim tetapi juga non-Muslim. Meskipun, negosiasi pendirian gereja baru sulit direalisasikan, tetapi di bidang lain seperti politik, pendidikan, ekonomi, negosiasi itu dilaksanakan dengan baik.

The article discusses the impact of plastic cards on minimizing the risks of the organization. Non-cash payments - is an integral part of the management of financial and economic activities of the banking sector within the framework of a single strategy of economic development, which is a process of systematic use of the optimal legal methods and methods to establish the desired future financial condition of the object in terms of limited resources and the possibility of their alternative use. The process of using plastic cards should be considered in a number of ways. The organizational aspect assesses the degree of formalization and regulation of the use of cashless payments. It is clear that the higher the degree of regulation of procedures, the higher the predictability and manageability of the process of cashless payments. Coordination is the degree of coordination among the participants. It is the result of a high degree of regulation of the process or effective operational work of the Department of non-cash payments. The methodology reflects the compliance of plastic cards calculation methodology adopted by the company, its production characteristics and financial and economic structure. The value of the motivational aspect of non-cash payments is that it makes it possible to stimulate the results of the work of the head, or the entire Department of non-cash payments. Stimulation is made by means of inclusion in the budget of division of the bonus Fund which can be used for payment of awards to employees of division and its head. The need to calculate Bank cards is inherent in the legislation itself, which provides for certain regimes for different situations, allows different methods for calculating the tax base and offers various benefits if they act in the desired directions to the authorities. In addition, the process of calculating plastic cards is due to the interest of the state in providing a number of advantages in order to stimulate any sphere of production, category, regulation of socio-economic development. ; В статье рассматривается влияние пластиковых карт на минимизацию рисков организации. Безналичные расчеты - это неотъемлемая часть управления финансово-хозяйственной деятельностью банковского сектора в рамках единой стратегии экономического развития, представляющая собой процесс системного использования оптимальных законных способов и методов для установления желаемого будущего финансового состояния объекта в условиях ограниченности ресурсов и возможности их альтернативного использования. Процесс пользования пластиковыми картами необходимо рассматривать по ряду направлений. Организационный аспект дает оценку степени формализации и регламентации процесса пользования безналичными расчетами. Понятно, что чем выше степень регламентации процедур, тем выше прогнозируемость и управляемость процессом безналичных расчетов. Координация заключается в степени скоординированности участников. Является следствием высокой степени регламентации процесса либо эффективной оперативной работы отдела по безналичным расчетам. Методика отражает соответствие методологии расчета пластиковыми картами, принятой в компании, ее производственным особенностям и финансово-хозяйственному устройству. Ценность мотивационного аспекта безналичных расчетов в том, что он дает возможность стимулировать результаты труда руководителя, или всего отдела по безналичным расчетам. Стимулирование производится посредством включения в бюджет подразделения премиального фонда, который может быть использован на выплату премий работникам подразделения и его руководителю. Необходимость расчета банковскими картами заложена в самом законодательстве, которое предусматривает те или иные режимы для разных ситуаций, допускает различные методы для исчисления налоговой базы и предлагает различные льготы, если они будут действовать в желательных властным органам направлениях. Кроме того, процесс расчета пластиковыми картами обусловлен заинтересованностью государства в предоставлении ряда преимуществ в целях стимулирования какой-либо сферы производства, категории, регулирования социально-экономического развития.

The protection of children in situation of vulnerability is a social concern in Burkina Faso. Despite the adoption and the ratification of numerous legal texts and the significant presence of actors who are supposed to be defending child rights, the question of how to deal effectively with these rights remains an open question. How to explain this paradox ? lt is this is question that we will turn on in this thesis. lt analyzes the national child welfare system with the prism of organizational models by highlighting the contribution of two non-state actors in the country : Direct-Aïd and SOS Villages d'enfants. From a comparative perspective, the research apprehends the logics of these NGOs, the strategies they implement and the perceptions of beneficiaries in the city of Ouagadougou . Two mechanisms co-exist in child welfare : the first mechanism is formai and is under the responsibility of public structures while the second mechanism, a non-formai one, is led by components of civil society. The protection system needs better governance in order to find long-lasting solutions to organization and coordination related problems that affect the quality of the participation of stakeholders. The positive perceptions expressed by the majority of beneficiaries are evidence that NGOs fill a large gap left by the government. Nonetheless, differences and even contradictions with regard to the definition of concepts such as childhood, protection and vulnerability show that structures are not on the same wavelength in their daily struggle. The State must take it responsibility in achieving a co-construction of a protection system more dynamic and which will allow insertion that will better benefit young people in difficulty. The research method mobilized qualitative methods (semi-directive interviews, life staries, focus groups, and observations), including photography and drawing. ; La protection des enfants en situation de vulnérabilité est une réalité sociale préoccupante au Burkina Faso.Malgré l'adoption et la ratification de nombreux textes juridiques et la présence significative d'acteurs censés défendre leurs droits, la question d'une prise en charge efficace de ceux-ci reste toujours posée. Comment expliquer ce paradoxe ? C'est à cette question que cette thèse s'efforce de répondre. Elle analyse le système national de protection de l'enfance au prisme des modèles organisationnels, en mettant un accent particulier sur la contribution de deux acteurs non étatiques intervenant dans le pays : Direct-Aïd et SOS Villages d'enfants. Dans une perspective comparatiste, la recherche appréhende les logiques de ces ONG, les stratégies qu'elles mettent en œuvre et les perceptions des bénéficiaires dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Deux mécanismes cohabitent en matière d'aide à l'enfance : le premier est formel et placé sous la responsabilité de structures publiques, le deuxième est non formel, animé par des composantes de la société civile. Le système de protection a besoin d'une meilleure gouvernance afin de trouver des solutions durables aux problèmes d'organisation et de coordination qui affectent la qualité de la participation des acteurs. Les perceptions, positives chez la plupart des bénéficiaires, sont des preuves que les ONG comblent un grand vide laissé par les pouvoirs publics. En revanche, les différences et même les contradictions de logiques relatives à la définition des concepts d'enfant, de protection et de vulnérabilité montrent que les structures ne sont pas sur la même longueur d'onde dans le combat quotidien qu'elles mènent. La responsabilité de l'État est ici engagée pour parvenir à une co-construction d'un système de protection plus dynamique et d'insertion mieux profitable aux jeunes en difficulté. La méthode de recherche a mobilisé les techniques de l'enquête qualitative (entretiens semi-directifs, récits de vie, focus groups, observations) en associant la photographie et le dessin.

Blood transfusion saves lives and reduces morbidity for many diseases and clinical conditions, but it is not without complications. A transfusion-related adverse event, also known as the Adverse Reaction (AR), is an incident occurring in a patient during or after a blood transfusion. Among them, TRALI is considered as one of the most critical inflammatory reactions. This pathology usually occurs within 6 hours after transfusion. Two types are recognized: immune TRALI and non-immune TRALI. In France, the first is almost completely prevented by a blood product safety policy, while the frequency of the second increases. The pathophysiology of TRALI remains poorly understood. While some scientists give an important function of patient blood platelets, others consider them dispensable. The aim of this thesis was, first, to investigate the inflammatory potential of blood platelets stored in platelet concentrates and its impact on the general vascular endothelium. Next, the role of patient blood platelets, including their secretory products, in the pathogenesis of this transfusion complication will be evaluated. For it, an ALI (mimicking a TRALI) was triggered, in an in vivo model, by an injection of anti-MHC I antibody in mice previously stimulated with LPS. Our results confirm the inflammatory potential of blood platelets in platelet concentrates, which can probably assume the entire responsibility for triggering a non-immune TRALI, and a secondary role for patient blood platelets in the amplification of the severity of this pathology. This thesis is the continuity of studies conducted in the laboratory GIMAP-EA3064, investigating the function of blood platelets in inflammation, thus opening up new perspectives in transfusion safety. ; La transfusion sanguine permet de sauver des vies et réduit la morbidité pour un grand nombre de maladies et d'affections cliniques, mais elle n'est pas exempte de complications. Un incident néfaste lié à une transfusion, également appelé Effet Indésirable Receveur (EIR), est un incident défavorable survenant chez un patient pendant ou après une transfusion sanguine. Parmi eux, le TRALI est considéré comme l'une des réactions inflammatoires les plus critiques. Cette pathologie se développe généralement dans les 6 heures après transfusion. On en reconnaît deux types, les TRALI immunologiques et les TRALI non-immunologiques. En France, les premiers sont presque entièrement prévenus par une politique de sécurité des produits sanguins, tandis que la fréquence des seconds augmente. La physiopathologie du TRALI reste mal connue. Tandis que certains y accordent une place importante aux plaquettes sanguines du patient transfusé, d'autres les considèrent comme pas réellement impliquées. Le but de ce travail de thèse a été, dans un premier temps, d'investiguer le potentiel inflammatoire des plaquettes sanguines conservées dans les concentrés plaquettaires et l'influence de cette inflammation sur l'endothélium vasculaire général. Ensuite, sera évalué le rôle des plaquettes sanguines de l'organisme, notamment par l'intermédiaire de leurs produits de sécrétion, dans la pathogénie de cette complication transfusionnelle. Pour cela, un ALI (mimant un TRALI) a été déclenché, dans un modèle in vivo, par une injection d'anticorps anti-CMH I chez des souris préalablement stimulées avec du LPS. L'ensemble de nos résultats confirme le potentiel inflammatoire des plaquettes sanguines, au sein des concentrés plaquettaires, pouvant probablement assumer l'entière responsabilité du déclenchement d'un TRALI non-immunologique, ainsi qu'un rôle secondaire des plaquettes sanguines de l'organisme, participant activement à l'amplification de la sévérité de la pathologie. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la continuité logique des études menées, au sein du laboratoire GIMAP-EA3064, investiguant la place des plaquettes sanguines au sein de l'inflammation, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives dans la sécurité transfusionnelle.

This work is part of the scientific research sector concerning the Government of Urban and Territorial Transformations in order to promote efficiency and reduction of energy consumption in urban areas. The contribution proposes a further deepening of the research work already carried out under the project Pon "Smart Energy Master" by the research group of the Laboratory of Territory, Mobility and Environmental (TeMA Lab) of Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II. The aim is to assist public authorities, that also deal with the Urban Energy Governance, in determining the quantitative distribution of domestic and non-domestic electric energy consumption. Toward this goal, we use the Big Data, the Open Data and the Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. In particular, this work developed a innovative GIS-based methodology that allows the knowledge, classification and representation of real electric energy consumption at micro scale for the domestic and non-domestic. Also, we validate the GIS-based methodology by an application at the city of Naples. We used the electric energy consumption data of year 2011 were given by Municipality Authority and Italian Revenue Agency. This will allow the identification of the electric energy problems present in the area of analysis in order to plan any intervention strategies. This contribution is divided into three main parts. In the first part, an analysis of the scientific literature is proposed on the theme of the Government of urban and territorial transformations and opportunities arising by Big Data, Open Data and GIS in the reduction of electric energy consumption. The second part explains the theoretical and technical phases that led to the development of the GIS-based methodology. In the last part, the application of the GIS-based methodology at the City of Naples is described. ; This work is part of the scientific research sector concerning the Government of Urban and Territorial Transformations in order to promote efficiency and reduction of energy consumption in urban areas. The contribution proposes a further deepening of the research work already carried out under the project Pon "Smart Energy Master" by the research group of the Laboratory of Territory, Mobility and Environmental (TeMA Lab) of Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II. The aim is to assist public authorities, that also deal with the Urban Energy Governance, in determining the quantitative distribution of domestic and non-domestic electric energy consumption. Toward this goal, we use the Big Data, the Open Data and the Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. In particular, this work developed a innovative GIS-based methodology that allows the knowledge, classification and representation of real electric energy consumption at micro scale for the domestic and non-domestic. Also, we validate the GIS-based methodology by an application at the city of Naples. We used the electric energy consumption data of year 2011 were given by Municipality Authority and Italian Revenue Agency. This will allow the identification of the electric energy problems present in the area of analysis in order to plan any intervention strategies. This contribution is divided into three main parts. In the first part, an analysis of the scientific literature is proposed on the theme of the Government of urban and territorial transformations and opportunities arising by Big Data, Open Data and GIS in the reduction of electric energy consumption. The second part explains the theoretical and technical phases that led to the development of the GIS-based methodology. In the last part, the application of the GIS-based methodology at the City of Naples is described.