Suchergebnisse

Albanian criminal legislation gives a special place to the mitigating circumstances of a psychological nature applied to the perpetrators of criminal offenses. In the Albanian doctrine, the psychological state is considered part of the subjective component which in itself has, in essence, the existence or not of responsibility and the extent of the perpetrator's guilt. Referring to its formulation, the article of the Criminal Code providing for the mitigating circumstances mentions only one circumstance of a psychological character, psychiatric distress. The same relevance and legal treatment as the mitigating circumstances can be encountered in other institutes, such as the reduction of mental balance or the commission of a criminal offense in a state of intoxication. Thus, this manuscript analyzes the mitigating circumstances provided by the Albanian criminal legislation through the method of comparison while identifying the shortcomings in cases when these circumstances constitute at the same time general institutes of criminal law. Keywords: Albanian criminal law, mitigating circumstances, partial insanity, psychiatric distress, inebriation, narcotic intoxication, emotional state

A legal-ethical dilemma occurs when two legal duties conflict or, in the alternative, when a legal duty conflicts with a moral duty. Such dilemmas are inherent in the current regime for lawyers governing legal ethics in Manitoba. The problem is how best to resolve these dilemmas. In solving this problem, the secondary literature provides the theoretical framework. Four writers exemplify four different models of the adversarial system, the lawyer-client relationship and the context of criminal defence. The framework gleaned from the secondary literature is then used to analyse the primary sources of legal ethics in the Province of Manitoba. The Manitoba Law Society Act and Code of Professional Conduct are researched to their historical origins. The current Code of Conduct is compared with not only its antecedent but also its correlatives in other Canadian jurisdictions. The conclusion reached is that legal-ethical dilemmas are best resolved by lawyers with reference to common morality. Lawyers are to be heldpublicly accountable for decisions made and results obtained in their course of representing a client. To facilitate the transition to this method in legal-ethical reasoning there will have to be legislative and regulatory changes.

Oggetto della ricerca è la rilevanza nell'ambito del diritto penale del principio di precauzione. Quest'ultimo deve la sua diffusione e popolarità al fatto di presentarsi come criterio guida al problema del rischio e dell'incertezza. L'esigenza di adottare scelte normative in condizioni di incertezza scientifica è infatti oggi ineludibile. Si cercherà in primo luogo di circoscrivere l'oggetto dell'indagine analizzando il rilievo che il principio di precauzione ha a livello legislativo e giurisprudenziale. Quindi si analizzeranno le problematiche che il ricorso allo stesso suscita con riferimento alla struttura classica del reato e legate al contesto di incertezza nel quale viene invocato. Tali problematiche si riferiscono alla possibilità o meno di dare rilevanza al modello del reato di pericolo, alla ricostruzione del nesso causale e all'influenza che il principio di precauzione può determinare nell'accertamento dell'elemento soggettivo delle colpa. Si concluderà l'analisi analizzando le diverse posizioni assunte dalla dottrina italiana circa l'opportunità o meno dell'intervento penale in contesti di incertezza scientifica, individuando, in caso di risposta affermativa, le modalità di intervento. ; The precautionary principle states that if an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of scientific consensus that the action or policy is harmful, the burden of proof that it is not harmful falls on those taking the action. This principle allows policy makers to make discretionary decisions in situations where there is the possibility of harm from taking a particular course or making a certain decision when extensive scientific knowledge on the matter is lacking. The principle implies that there is a social responsibility to protect the public from exposure to harm, when scientific investigation has found a plausible risk. In some legal systems, as in the law of the European Union, the application of the precautionary principle has been made a statutory requirement. Transposed in a criminal law context precautionary principle meets him with the characteristics of this branch of law. Criminal law is in fact a retrospective law and the classic type of crime (behaviour and event) clashes with a criminal policy time to avoid harmful events. The first stage of the research will be the analysis of actual characteristics of criminal law with particular regards to the meaning of that principle, according to the law and to the case law. The second proposal of the present project is to investigate whether the criminal intervention is feasible in case of scientific uncertainty, according to the different points of view of the Italian doctrine and I will try to identify a method of intervention, if it is possible.

This article, which is the result of research, clearly points out the sub-rules that have been determined in Colombia through the creation of an autonomous crime, called by the legislator as Feminicide, which expresses a guarantee to a social problem in which, Crimes against women have escalated and lead to punishable conduct such as homicide and homicide attempts. For this reason, it is indicated that, although it is true that it is considered an autonomous crime, it has been investigated about its pertinence, to obtain a certainty about phenomena such as impunity or true legal certainty, therefore, questions have been raised, objectives, thematic developments and other elements that allow us to discuss on the subject of study. ; El presente artículo, resultado de investigación, puntualiza de forma clara, las subreglas que en Colombia se han determinado a través de la creación de un delito autónomo, denominado por el legislador como Feminicidio, que expresa una garantía a una problemática social en la cual, los delitos contra la mujer se han recrudecido y derivan en conductas punibles como el homicidio y las tentativas. Por tal motivo se indica, que, si bien es cierto, se considera un delito autónomo, se ha investigado acerca de su pertinencia, para obtener una certeza acerca de fenómenos como la impunidad o la verdadera seguridad jurídica, por tanto, se han planteado preguntas, objetivos, desarrollos temáticos y otros elementos que permiten discurrir sobre el tema de estudio

"This book is designed to provide the reader with an overview of American criminal justice from the perspective of regulatory law enforcement. Government's responsibility to defend the life and property of its citizens from victimization is accomplished through a code of criminal law enforced by a criminal justice system. In addition to laws that protect citizens, the government also enacts laws that criminalize certain behaviors that are deemed to be inconsistent with the best interests of society. These are called regulatory laws, and their effect on the criminal justice system and society are the main focus of the book. Each of the book's three sections addresses one aspect of the overall problem. The first looks at the underlying motivations to enact regulatory laws, particularly those dealing with drugs, prostitution and firearms and the evolution of their enforcement over time. The effect of regulatory law enforcement on each part of the criminal justice system, the police, courts and corrections is examined in the second section of the book. The final section provides insight into the societal outcomes associated with the enforcement of regulatory laws"--

This study aims to analyze on the restorative justice approach as an alternative to resolution criminal cases in Islamic law perspective, where the criminal process is not only limited to retaliation for the perpetrator, but must also be based on various principles of restorative justice. This research uses method normative juridical with a philosophical, conceptual and legislations approach. Sources of legal materials are obtained through inventory, categorization and systematization. Analysis using prescriptive with logic and legal reasoning, The results show that restorative justice is seen as an alternative approach that can be applied in resolution criminal case by considering various aspects outside the judicial process and is oriented towards restoring what has been damaged by the existence of crime. In Islamic law, the application of restorative justice is based on the above of Umar's friend r.a. in the case of handling theft cases during the Paceklik season, the legal decision is to release the perpetrator due to humanitarian factors. Therefore, restorative justice can be applied with considerations including: aspects of justice, humanity, public interest, forgiveness of victims, and peace (al-Islah). ; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meganalisis pendekatan restorative justice sebagai alternatif penyelesaian kasus pidana dalam perspektif Hukum Islam, dimana proses pemidanaan tidak hanya sebatas pada pembalasan bagi pelaku, melainkan juga harus bertolak pada berbagai prinsip keadilan restoratif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normative dengan pendekatan filosofis, konseptual dan perundang-undangan, Sumber bahan hukum diperoleh dengan inventarisasi, kategorisasi dan sistematisasi bahan hukum, Analisis menggunakan preskriftif dengan logika dan penalaran hukum, Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa restorative justice dipandang sebagai salah satu alternatif pendekatan yang dapat diterapkan dalam menyelesaikan masalah pidana dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai asepek di luar proses peradilan dan ...