Suchergebnisse

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo contribuir na compreensão de fatores intervenientes ou correlacionados com a decisão de microempreendedores tornarem-se formais ou manterem-se na informalidade de suas operações. Embora existam estudos sobre o perfil empreendedor, são escassas as investigações que indiquem ou apontem robustamente para razões ou condições que conduzam um microempreendedor à formalização. Nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de campo de caráter descritivo e quantitativo com 65 empreendedores, sendo 40 microempreendedores individuais formais e 25 microempreendedores individuais informais, localizados no município de Diadema (SP), que responderam um questionário com questões qualificadoras de caráter demográfico e questões que buscavam identificar sua percepção em relação à formalidade e à informalidade em seus negócios. Os principais resultados apontam que (1) algumas das características socioeconômicas dos microempreendedores demonstram potencial ou efetiva correlação com a decisão pela formalidade ou pela informalidade; (2) nota-se também a existência de indícios de relação entre variáveis de negócios e opção pela formalização do negócio; e (3) constatou-se a presença de discrepâncias de informação e concepção sobre a informalidade de negócios quando comparados os microempresários formais e informais. Palavras-chave: Empreendedorismo. Microempreendedor Individual. Microempreendimento. Informalidade. MEI. ABSTRACT This research aims to contribute to the understanding of factors related to the decision of micro-entrepreneurs on whether to formalize their operations, or to keep them informal. Although there are studies on the entrepreneurial profile, there are few works that discuss the reasons or conditions that lead to the formalization of a microenterprise. A descriptive and quantitative survey was therefore conducted with 65 entrepreneurs: 40 formal company owners and the other 25 informal, all located in the municipality of Diadema (SP). The participants received a questionnaire with questions related to demographic aspects and other questions aimed at identifying their perceptions of formality and informality in their businesses. The main results show that (1) some of the socioeconomic characteristics of the micro-entrepreneurs demonstrate potential or actual correlation with the decision on whether to formalize or remain informal; (2) we also noted the existence of a relationship between business variables and the option to formalize the business; and (3) we found discrepancies in relation to the presence of information and the concept of informality in businesses when comparing formal and informal microenterprises. Keywords: Entrepreneurship. Individual Microentrepreneurs. Microenterprises. Informality. MEI.

Problem setting. The relevance of the chosen theme is the advisability of fixing the limits of enterpreneur actions which is carried out by non-profit organizations. Recent research and publications analysis. This article analyzes recent researches of the legal status of non- profit organizations in the works of V. Borisova, I. Kucherenko, I. Spasibo-Fateeva, I. Zhyhalkina, V. Poddubny, V. Cochin and etc., which underlines the importance of scientific research. Paper objective. The article aims was to identify contradictions in the current legislation of Ukraine and how to overcome them. Paper main body. The legislation of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine and a number of special normative acts governing the activities of non-profit organizations, grants the right them to engage in business activities. In modern terms, this fact is important, as it provides the ability to create resources to implement the main statutory activities of non-profit organizations for more intensive and fruitful implementation of its statutory objectives. The question is to determine the limits of necessary and legitimate participation of non-profit organizations in the business. The legislation proposed in this paper is to provide a means of influencing non- profit organizations in case of abuse of the right to do business. Conclusions of the research. It is necessary for our legislation to make amendments and to set out the limits of power of non- profit organizations. Also, it is necessary to define the form of entrepreneurship. Business activities of business companies, non profit or created with their participation may be made only for profit and not be associated with non- profit organization authorized activity. Creation of business associations seems necessary not only in terms of exclusion existing contradictions in the civil legal regulation of non- profit organizations, but also in terms of the effectiveness of ongoing business activities. Business organizations may have a larger legal capacity and is not limited in the types of business activities. ; Рассмотрена гражданская дееспособность непредпринимательских товариществ, которые должны создаваться рады достижения определенной цели и наделяться специальной правоспособностью. Проанализирована научная литература и предложено собственное видение проблематики ; Досліджено цивільну дієздатність непідприємницьких товариств, які повинні створюватися заради досягнення певної мети та наділятися спеціальною правоздатністю. Проаналізовано наукову літературу та запропоновано власне бачення зазначеної проблематики

The main problems of development of near-border rural areas of Ukraine at the present stage of European integration are outlined. In particular, the attention is focused on the lack of effectiveness of the use of resources and reducing the quality of human capital. Important problems are also labor emigration and semi-legal "shuttle trade". These factors lead to the remaining and increasing of disparities in the economic development of rural areas on different sides of the border between Ukraine and the EU. The existence of a relationship between the level of development of border rural areas of Ukraine and the nature of convergence in total cross-border area with the EU are justified. First of all, this concerns the activation of entrepreneurship to improve the quality of life in rural cross-border territories of Ukraine. Also important are the diversification of the rural economy and stimulating the approach of its efficiency to the level of neighbouring EU-countries. Determining role of marketing for improving the management of near-border rural areas of Ukraine is revealed. At the same time, a positive influence of marketing tools for stimulating of cross-border convergence between Ukraine and the EU is demonstrated. In this sense, key aspects of marketing in near-border rural areas of Ukraine are: branding, product and pricing policy, PR and advertising, and marketing researches. Proposals to state authorities and local self-government of Ukraine are formulated. In particular, the priority directions of the using of marketing management tools for developing of near-border rural areas of Ukraine are highlighted. Special attention is paid to marketing mechanisms of intensifying the convergent processes in the transboundary space between Ukraine and the EU. ; Окреслено основні проблеми розвитку прикордонних сільських територій України на сучасному етапі європейської інтеграції. Обґрунтовано наявність взаємозв'язку між рівнем розвитку прикордонних сільських територій України та характером конвергенції в спільному транскордонному просторі з ЄС. Виявлено важливу роль маркетингу в процесі розвитку прикордонних сільських територій України та стимулюванні транскордонної конвергенції з ЄС. Сформульовано пропозиції для органів державної влади й місцевого самоврядування щодо пріоритетних напрямів використання маркетингових засобів управління з метою розвитку прикордонних сільських територій України та активізації конвергентних процесів у спільному транскордонному просторі з ЄС.

Оренбургская область имеет большие потенциальные возможности по производству сельскохозяйственной продукции. С распадом единого технологического процесса произошел резкий спад объемов производства продукции в аграрном секторе экономики. Намеченные стратегические цели развития региона до 2020 года и на период до 2030 года не достижимы без создания благоприятного инвестиционного климата и активизации интеграционных процессов в агропромышленном комплексе. Но в организациях, вступающих в новые экономические отношения, не всегда уровень менеджмента и информационного обеспечения соответствует современным требованиям, поэтому возникает объективная необходимость разработки и внедрения экономически выгодных управленческих технологий, которые позволят получить выгоды всем участникам интеграции. Достоверное определение и оптимальное распределение между участниками бизнес-процессов благ, созданных в результате объединенных усилий, нуждается в информационном учетноаналитическом сопровождении. В развитии интеграционных процессов и повышении эффективности взаимодействия всех социально-экономических систем (науки, техники, экономики, предпринимательства и управления) одной из задач выступает формирование действенной и эффективной системы управления. Многообразие способов, видов интеграции и организационно-технологических укладов, отсутствие проработанной законодательной базы в области регулирования ассоциированных и корпоративных отношений, несовершенство налогового законодательства, слабая информационная и аналитическая среда порождают проблемы эффективного управления интегрированными формированиями. ; The Orenburg region has great potential for the production of agricultural products. With the collapse of a single technological process there was a sharp decline of production in the agricultural sector. Set strategic goals of development of region till 2020 and for the period till 2030 is not achievable without the creation of a favorable investment climate and enhancing integration processes in agrarian and industrial complex. But organizations entering into new economic relations, not always the level of management information and ensure adequate, therefore there is an objective necessity of development and implementation of economically viable management technologies that will benefit all participants in the integration. Accurate identification and an optimal distribution between participants of the business process benefits resulting from the joint effort, information needs of accounting and analytical support. In the development of integration processes and increase of efficiency of interaction of all socio-economic systems (science, technology, Economics, entrepreneurship and management), one of the objectives is development of efficient and effective management system. The diversity of methods, types of integration and organizational and technological structures, the lack of a developed legislative framework in the field of regulation of associate and corporate relations, imperfection of tax laws, weak information and analytical environment create problems for effective management of the integrated formations.

As economic development and current technology, there tends to SMEs have been reversed there is some effort to close down due to lack of existing orders in the business. Therefore, the government made efforts to assist existing SMEs to be able to survive in the face of global crisis is happening right now. These efforts may include providing small loans and may include training services in accordance with its business. One of the materials provided in the training is about entrepreneurship so that SMEs are expected to compete with similar companies. The low ability entrepreneur pointed out as one of the reasons SMEs are not able to compete with large companies, such as SI (Small Industry) Spare Parts in the city of Padang. The failure to penetrate IK Parts of competition to supply spare parts in the PT. Semen Padang because of its low ability entrepreneur is owned by SI. With no indicator of entrepreneur ability, there are some problems for governments about policies that will be taken for judge the SI. Therefore, the entrepreneur ability should be decided to helps government in decisions making of policies, so that SI can be competing with larger companies. The method that been used in this study is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and the recommendations for policies that can be used by the government by using SWOT analysis. QFD is used to identify consumer needs and its association with the characteristic techniques provided by the government, so that the final results are the critical competencies that should be developed first. The linkage between the needs of consumers with technical characteristics reflected in the House of Quality (HOQ). While the results of the SWOT analysis are four types of strategies which can be used later by using the strategy outlined in the strategy implementation architecture for 10 years. This research resulted in 25 indicators of entrepreneurial competencies that include Human Resources (HR), financial, and research and development which consist of eight aspects. The resulting formulation of strategies using SWOT analysis generates SO Strategies (5 strategies), WO Strategies (7 strategies), ST Strategies (7 strategies), and WT Strategies (5 strategies). The design of the implementation of the strategy is planned for 10 years which is reflected in the architecture of the strategy and its implementation strategies.Keywords: small industries, indicators, competences, entrepreneur, strategies

This research paper is centered on the nexus between exchange rate variation and economic growth in Nigeria with emphasis to the purchasing power of the average Nigerians and the level of international transaction. Exchange rate fluctuations have been of serious concern to the monetary authorities, policy makers and business tycoons of developing countries, Nigeria inclusive because of the relevance of exchange rate in international trade, investment and in determining the level of output growth of a country. Therefore it is vital to examine the degree at which exchange rate fluctuates which had called for a lot of attention in Nigeria. This study examined the Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuation on the Nigerian Economic Growth using an annual data of forty-three (43) years covering the period (1970-2013). The standard deviation method was employed to capture and estimate the fluctuation inherent in the model as regards the research's objective. The study employed econometric techniques such as; Multiple Regression Model, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen Co-integration test and the Error Correction Model (ECM). Evidence from this study exhibited that there exists a positive but insignificant impact of exchange rate fluctuation on Nigerian economic growth in both the long run and short run. This result is attributed to the ability of the Nigerian government to effectively regulate some other important macroeconomic variables which can infuriate exchange rate which has thereby helped curtail the effects of exchange rate fluctuation during the study period. This is an indication that monetary authorities might have initiated policies that helped absorb the influence of exchange rate fluctuation on economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the government should encourage domes-tic production of goods and services for Naira exchange rate appreciation and generally to promote economic growth in Nigeria- moreover to maintain and sustain exchange rate and economic stability. In the same vein, the government should pay more attention to other more volatile macroeconomic variables like oil price and inflation rate in Nigeria. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Amassoma, D. (2017). "The Nexus between Ex-change Rate Variation and Economic Growth in Nigeria", Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1–40.

At the end of 2015, Indonesia will be entering ASEAN Economic Community. Indonesia as the largest population in South East Asia will be the largest market if the number of entrepreneur is less than standard number. Especially the competitiveness index of Indonesia comes to the 34th position in the world and in the 4th position in ASEAN. Indonesia economic growth cannot be separated from the contribution of SME. It contributes 98.7% of employment and 59,08% on gross domestic product. As contributor for Indonesia economic growth, SME also faces complex problems both internal and external. In attempt to improve quantity and quality of SME it requires well-programmed moves one of which is recent entrepreneurial assistance program organized by East Java Government. The present study aims at determining knowing mentoring component description and the effect of learning component on the success of recent entrepreneurial assistance program, the result of recent entrepreneurial assistance program, and supporting and obstacle Faktor of recent entrepreneurial assistance program in Batu.The present study employed quantitative causality associative model and embedded model of qualitative. The study consists of independent variable (X); purpose, material, instructor, media, and assistance method and dependent variable is the success of assistance program. The population of the study is the participants of entrepreneurship assistance program in Batu of 2014. The sampling technique employed is saturated sampling with 40 respondents. Analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression analysis and strengthens by the result of qualitative data analysis. The data obtained through questionnaires with Likert scale and interview.In conclusion, that the description of the mentoring program components assessed both by the participants, the size of the success of the mentoring program could be said to be good in size softskill but less good in size hardskill, the learning components; purpose, affects negatively to the success of assistance program, instructors and media affects significantly and positively to the success of assistance program, material and method do not affects significantly and positively to the assistance program. The supporting Faktor affecting the participants is faith and motivation while the obstacle Faktor is capital, tools and marketing management. The suggestions can be given is improving instructor competences and evaluating material and method of assistance program based on the needs of the participants.

Problem setting. The relevance of the chosen theme is the advisability of fixing the limits of enterpreneur actions which is carried out by non-profit organizations. Recent research and publications analysis. This article analyzes recent researches of the legal status of non- profit organizations in the works of V. Borisova, I. Kucherenko, I. Spasibo-Fateeva, I. Zhyhalkina, V. Poddubny, V. Cochin and etc., which underlines the importance of scientific research. Paper objective. The article aims was to identify contradictions in the current legislation of Ukraine and how to overcome them. Paper main body. The legislation of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine and a number of special normative acts governing the activities of non-profit organizations, grants the right them to engage in business activities. In modern terms, this fact is important, as it provides the ability to create resources to implement the main statutory activities of non-profit organizations for more intensive and fruitful implementation of its statutory objectives. The question is to determine the limits of necessary and legitimate participation of non-profit organizations in the business. The legislation proposed in this paper is to provide a means of influencing non- profit organizations in case of abuse of the right to do business. Conclusions of the research. It is necessary for our legislation to make amendments and to set out the limits of power of non- profit organizations. Also, it is necessary to define the form of entrepreneurship. Business activities of business companies, non profit or created with their participation may be made only for profit and not be associated with non- profit organization authorized activity. Creation of business associations seems necessary not only in terms of exclusion existing contradictions in the civil legal regulation of non- profit organizations, but also in terms of the effectiveness of ongoing business activities. Business organizations may have a larger legal capacity and is not limited in the types of business activities. ; Рассмотрена гражданская дееспособность непредпринимательских товариществ, которые должны создаваться рады достижения определенной цели и наделяться специальной правоспособностью. Проанализирована научная литература и предложено собственное видение проблематики ; Досліджено цивільну дієздатність непідприємницьких товариств, які повинні створюватися заради досягнення певної мети та наділятися спеціальною правоздатністю. Проаналізовано наукову літературу та запропоновано власне бачення зазначеної проблематики

Problem setting. The relevance of the chosen theme is the advisability of fixing the limits of enterpreneur actions which is carried out by non-profit organizations. Recent research and publications analysis. This article analyzes recent researches of the legal status of non- profit organizations in the works of V. Borisova, I. Kucherenko, I. Spasibo-Fateeva, I. Zhyhalkina, V. Poddubny, V. Cochin and etc., which underlines the importance of scientific research. Paper objective. The article aims was to identify contradictions in the current legislation of Ukraine and how to overcome them. Paper main body. The legislation of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine and a number of special normative acts governing the activities of non-profit organizations, grants the right them to engage in business activities. In modern terms, this fact is important, as it provides the ability to create resources to implement the main statutory activities of non-profit organizations for more intensive and fruitful implementation of its statutory objectives. The question is to determine the limits of necessary and legitimate participation of non-profit organizations in the business. The legislation proposed in this paper is to provide a means of influencing non- profit organizations in case of abuse of the right to do business. Conclusions of the research. It is necessary for our legislation to make amendments and to set out the limits of power of non- profit organizations. Also, it is necessary to define the form of entrepreneurship. Business activities of business companies, non profit or created with their participation may be made only for profit and not be associated with non- profit organization authorized activity. Creation of business associations seems necessary not only in terms of exclusion existing contradictions in the civil legal regulation of non- profit organizations, but also in terms of the effectiveness of ongoing business activities. Business organizations may have a larger legal capacity and is not limited in the types of business activities. ; Рассмотрена гражданская дееспособность непредпринимательских товариществ, которые должны создаваться рады достижения определенной цели и наделяться специальной правоспособностью. Проанализирована научная литература и предложено собственное видение проблематики ; Досліджено цивільну дієздатність непідприємницьких товариств, які повинні створюватися заради досягнення певної мети та наділятися спеціальною правоздатністю. Проаналізовано наукову літературу та запропоновано власне бачення зазначеної проблематики

Purpose
– Developed economies with high-cost environments face industrial transitions from scale-based manufacturing (MAN) to knowledge, technology and intangible asset-based sectors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in employment and value-adding profiles of transitioning industry sectors in Australia and discuss the implications for policy that influences the intellectual capital (IC) profile of industrial sectors in transition.


Design/methodology/approach
– The approach borrowed concepts from the firm-level strategic management literature and applied them to a macro level of industry analysis. In this paper the authors examine the transitions in the Australian economy which, due to a rising cost base, is experiencing a decline in its value chain-oriented MAN sector. The authors contrast four industry sectors with the MAN sector and examine the different value creation models.


Findings
– The findings clearly show how the contribution to employment and value added (termed Economic Value Contribution ) of the different sectors vary. The authors extend these findings to a discussion on policy and the dimensions of IC that may have a role to play in facilitating transitions within an economy. The main conclusion is that a more rapid transition and higher value may be created if innovation and entrepreneurship are facilitated by targeted policies in transitioning sector.


Research limitations/implications
– This work is based on a single country analysis of selected industry sectors. Further work needs to be done across many more countries to contrast the findings across nations/regions that differ in industrial complexity and to refine the analytical framework to improve construct validity and increase analytical power.


Practical implications
– This work has implications for policy-makers facing the challenges of a transitioning economy, whether national or regional. Governments that are hands-on with respect to interventions to salvage and/or extend the life of sectors are at risk of missing opportunities to build the capacities and capabilities of emerging sectors while those governments that are hands-off, deferring to market mechanisms, risk transitions that are too little and/or too late to maintain a national or regional competitiveness.


Originality/value
– To the authors knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate the specific firm-level strategic management perspectives, used in this paper, with the macro-policy level to examine industry sectors with the twin metrics of economic productivity and employment in transitioning economies.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню історичної сутності процесу венчурного інвестування з метою обґрунтування теоретико-методичних засад розробки ефективної моделі венчурування в Україні на шляху до інноваційного економічного розвитку. Проаналізовано історичні передумови становлення венчурного бізнесу в світі та основні тенденції його розвитку. Проведено дослідження найбільш успішних та значущих моделей венчурування в світовій практиці та отримано висновки щодо розробки практичних рекомендацій для стимулювання венчурної індустрії в Україні. Зважаючи на наявність кон'юнктурних коливань венчурного сектору, доведено необхідність його активної державної підтримки і, водночас, обмеженого державного втручання. Виходячи із світового досвіду, доведено успішність венчурування саме у високотехнологічне і новаторське підприємництво, на противагу вітчизняним тенденціям використання венчурних фондів для фінансування будівництва та комерції. ; Статья посвящена исследованию исторической сущности процесса венчурного инвестирования с целью обоснования теоретико-методологических основ разработки эффективной модели венчурного бизнеса в Украине на пути к инновационному экономическому росту. Проанализированы исторические предпосылки становления венчурного бизнеса в мире и основные тенденции его развития. Проведено исследование наиболее успешных и значимых моделей венчурной индустрии в мировой практике и сделаны выводы относительно разработки практических рекомендаций по стимулированию отрасли венчурного инвестирования в Украине. Исходя из наличия конъюнктурных колебаний венчурного сектора, доказана необходимость его активной государственной поддержки и: одновременно: ограниченного государственного вмешательства. Исходя из мирового опыта, доказана успешность венчурного инвестирования именно в высокотехнологическое и новаторское предпринимательство, в противовес отечественным тенденциям использования венчурных фондов для финансирования строительства и коммерции. ; The paper deals with the research on a historical essence of venture investment process in the light of justification the theoretical and methodological bases of effective Ukraine's venturing model elaboration on its way to innovative economic development. There were analyzed the historical grounds of World's venture business forming and the main trends of its proliferation. Based on a given analysis of the most successful and major World's venturing models, the perspectives, practical reasoning and theoretical recommendations to Ukraine's venture industry stimulation were justified. Considering the existence of venture sector conjuncture fluctuations, there was proven the necessity of active governmental support, never the less the limited governmental intrusion. Finally, looking back on a World's experience, there was concluded the necessity of venturing precisely into an innovative entrepreneurship and high technology. And not into a building or trade as it is common in Ukrainian venture business.

Категорія "економічний егоїзм" належить до найважливіших ціннісних орієнтирів суб'єктів підприємницької діяльності, що визначають лінію їх економічної поведінки у короткостроковому та довгостроковому аспектах. Сучасні дослідження присвячені подоланню проблем так званих "провалів ринку" інструментами державного регулювання. Однак, поза увагою науковців залишається джерело подібних проблем, яке ми вбачаємо у ціннісних орієнтаціях економічних суб'єктів, що детермінують відповідний тип економічної поведінки у короткостроковій та довгостроковій перспективах. Метою статті є визначення ролі інституту держави в обмеженні економічного егоїзму як чинника, що має деструктивний вплив на соціальну стабільність в країні. У статті досліджено роль держави у регулюванні економічного егоїзму, котрий повинен бути обмежений до раціонального рівня. Доведено, що завданням держави є формування відповідного інституційного середовища як сукупності формальних та неформальних інститутів, покликаних сприяти встановленню взаємовигідних правил взаємодії між економічними суб'єктами на принципах справедливості, довіри, максимального врахування прав та інтересів інших учасників ринку. Обґрунтовано, що результатом державного регулювання у даній сфері повинно стати підвищення рівня соціальної сенсибілізації підприємницької діяльності. ; The category of "economic selfishness" is the most important value orientation of businesses that define the line of economic behavior in the short and long term perspectives. Current researches are devoted to overcoming the problems of so-called "market failures" by the tools of state regulation. However, scientists still ignored source of such problems that we see in the value orientations of economic actors that determine the appropriate type of economic behavior in the short and long term perspectives. The goal of article is to determine the role of the institution of the state in limiting the economic self-interest as a factor that has a destructive impact on social stability in the country. The article considered the role of government in regulating of the level of economic self-interest, which should be limited to a reasonable level. Proved that the task of the state is to develop an appropriate institutional framework as a combination of formal and informal institutions, designed to promote the establishment of mutually beneficial rules of interaction between economic actors on the principles of fairness, trust, maximum consideration of the rights and interests of other market participants. It is proved that the result of government regulation in this area should be improving of social sensitization of entrepreneurship.

[Excerpt] The reports herein provide in-depth analyses of the state of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and higher education in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Each country has two reports covering TVET and higher education which were presented in the three country-level workshops during the first week of December 2012: Sri Lanka (1 December), Nepal (3 December), and Bangladesh (5 December). Participants from government, the private sector, academe, and development partners discussed and validated the findings, and supported the recommendations as well as identified additional next steps. In TVET, issues range from insufficient teachers and trainers in Bangladesh to lack of quality monitoring system in Nepal, and to inadequate industry participation in Sri Lanka. Among the common issues identified are weak quality assurance mechanisms, low employment rate of graduates, lack of information about demand (leading to a mismatch between training and available jobs), expensive and long-term training that excludes the poor and marginalized, weak institutional arrangements, and inadequate provision of high-quality TVET to manage and scale up training programs. Higher education is equally affected by various constraints ranging from lack of accountability for performance among institutions in Bangladesh to high politicization in Nepal, and to weak quality assurance mechanisms in Sri Lanka. Common issues identified are regional disparities in access, high cost in private higher education institutions, and poor quality and relevance as well as lack of emphasis on courses that promote entrepreneurship. Key recommendations of the reports include implementation of a national quality assurance system, establishing a reliable skills data and labor market information system, effective financing schemes, encouraging public–private partnerships, and international benchmarking and mutual recognition for global competitiveness. In TVET, the key priorities are strengthening private training provision with clearly identified and mandated apex agency to effectively coordinate and scale up training programs, development of national competency standards, and building the capacity of TVET institutions. In higher education, the key priorities are developing research capacity, improved targeting of financial assistance to students, adopting formula funding in allocating public funding to universities, promoting accountability and autonomy among higher education institutions, and depoliticization of the higher education system. ; ADB_Innovative_Strategies___Nepal.pdf: 971 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020.

The reports herein provide in-depth analyses of the state of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and higher education in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Each country has two reports covering TVET and higher education which were presented in the three country-level workshops during the first week of December 2012: Sri Lanka (1 December), Nepal (3 December), and Bangladesh (5 December). Participants from government, the private sector, academe, and development partners discussed and validated the findings, and supported the recommendations as well as identified additional next steps. In TVET, issues range from insufficient teachers and trainers in Bangladesh to lack of quality monitoring system in Nepal, and to inadequate industry participation in Sri Lanka. Among the common issues identified are weak quality assurance mechanisms, low employment rate of graduates, lack of information about demand (leading to a mismatch between training and available jobs), expensive and long-term training that excludes the poor and marginalized, weak institutional arrangements, and inadequate provision of high-quality TVET to manage and scale up training programs. Higher education is equally affected by various constraints ranging from lack of accountability for performance among institutions in Bangladesh to high politicization in Nepal, and to weak quality assurance mechanisms in Sri Lanka. Common issues identified are regional disparities in access, high cost in private higher education institutions, and poor quality and relevance as well as lack of emphasis on courses that promote entrepreneurship. Key recommendations of the reports include implementation of a national quality assurance system, establishing a reliable skills data and labor market information system, effective financing schemes, encouraging public–private partnerships, and international benchmarking and mutual recognition for global competitiveness. In TVET, the key priorities are strengthening private training provision with clearly identified and mandated apex agency to effectively coordinate and scale up training programs, development of national competency standards, and building the capacity of TVET institutions. In higher education, the key priorities are developing research capacity, improved targeting of financial assistance to students, adopting formula funding in allocating public funding to universities, promoting accountability and autonomy among higher education institutions, and depoliticization of the higher education system. ; ADB_Innovative_Strategies___Sri_Lanka.pdf: 325 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020.

The reports herein provide in-depth analyses of the state of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and higher education in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Each country has two reports covering TVET and higher education which were presented in the three country-level workshops during the first week of December 2012: Sri Lanka (1 December), Nepal (3 December), and Bangladesh (5 December). Participants from government, the private sector, academe, and development partners discussed and validated the findings and supported the recommendations as well as identified additional next steps. In TVET, issues range from insufficient teachers and trainers in Bangladesh to lack of quality monitoring system in Nepal, and to inadequate industry participation in Sri Lanka. Among the common issues identified are weak quality assurance mechanisms, low employment rate of graduates, lack of information about demand (leading to a mismatch between training and available jobs), expensive and long-term training that excludes the poor and marginalized, weak institutional arrangements, and inadequate provision of high-quality TVET to manage and scale up training programs. Higher education is equally affected by various constraints ranging from lack of accountability for performance among institutions in Bangladesh to high politicization in Nepal, and to weak quality assurance mechanisms in Sri Lanka. Common issues identified are regional disparities in access, high cost in private higher education institutions, and poor quality and relevance as well as lack of emphasis on courses that promote entrepreneurship. Key recommendations of the reports include implementation of a national quality assurance system, establishing a reliable skills data and labor market information system, effective financing schemes, encouraging public–private partnerships, and international benchmarking and mutual recognition for global competitiveness. In TVET, the key priorities are strengthening private training provision with clearly identified and mandated apex agency to effectively coordinate and scale up training programs, development of national competency standards, and building the capacity of TVET institutions. In higher education, the key priorities are developing research capacity, improved targeting of financial assistance to students, adopting formula funding in allocating public funding to universities, promoting accountability and autonomy among higher education institutions, and depoliticization of the higher education system. ; ADB_Innovative_strategies_technical_and_vocation_education_Bangladesh.pdf: 1273 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020.