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AbstractThe article-a revised version of the authors' contribution to the International Symposium "Bilingualism in Iranian Cultures" held 1992 in Bamberg (Germany)-deals with the problem of the introduction of new, or the reforming of already existing alphabets. It tries to illustrate how collective bi- and multilingualism, i. e. the use of different languages within a certain social community, affects the development of writing-systems, and how, on the other hand, these systems affect certain aspects of multilingualism. This is shown on the example of Tajik-Persian, Baluchi, Shughni and Jaghnobi, spanning the time from the beginning of the 20th century until the end of the Soviet Union. The related tables concern: 1) The introduction of the Latin script for the Iranian languages of the Soviet Union, 2) its abolishment; 3) the vowels of Baluchi language; 4) the vowels of Shughni language; 5) the vowels of Jaghnobi language; 6) Examples of the Latin script for Tajik-Persian language as introduced in 1928; 7) Examples of the Latin script for Baluchi language as introduced in 1933; 8) Examples of the Latin script for Shughni language as introduced in 1930.

Intro -- PREFACE -- ILLUSTRATIONS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 The Balkan space between problems of multiplicity and claims of homogeneity -- 1.2 The role of writing and of the "Other" in the national discourse -- 1.3 Methodological considerations: sources and approaches -- 1.4 Semiotic and relational aspects of alphabets and nationalism -- SECTION I. ALPHABETIC DISPUTES OF THE 1920s AND 1930s IN BULGARIA -- 2. THE RECEPTION OF THE ABECEDAR PRIMER (1925) IN BULGARIA -- 2.1 Issues related to the adoption of new writing systems -- 2.2 Post-imperial national identity dynamics

Writing is not just a set of systems for transcribing language and communicating meaning, but an important element of human practice, deeply embedded in the cultures where it is present and fundamentally interconnected with all other aspects of human life. 'The Social and Cultural Contexts of Historic Writing Practices' explores these relationships in a number of different cultural contexts and from a range of disciplinary perspectives, including archaeological, anthropological and linguistic. It offers new ways of approaching the study of writing and integrating it into wider debates and discussions about culture, history and archaeology

Preliminary Material -- Invention and Borrowing in the Development and Dispersal of Writing Systems /Alex de Voogt -- 27–30–22–26 – How Many Letters Needs an Alphabet? The Case of Semitic /Reinhard G. Lehmann -- Nubian Graffiti Messages and the History of Writing in the Sudanese Nile Basin /Alex de Voogt and Hans-Jörg Döhla -- About "Short" Names of Letters /Konstantin Pozdniakov -- Early Adaptations of the Korean Script to Render Foreign Languages /Sven Osterkamp -- Han'gŭl Reform Movement in the Twentieth Century: Roman Pressure on Korean Writing /Thorsten Traulsen -- The Character of the Indian Kharoṣṭhī Script and the "Sanskrit Revolution": A Writing System Between Identity and Assimilation /Ingo Strauch -- Symmetry and Asymmetry Chinese Writing in Japan: The Case of Kojiki (712) /Aldo Tollini -- Writing Semitic with Cuneiform Script. The Interaction of Sumerian and Akkadian Orthography in the Second Half of the Third Millennium BC /Theo J.H. Krispijn -- Old Wine in New Wineskins? How to Write Classical Egyptian Rituals in More Modern Writing Systems /Joachim Quack -- Subject Index -- Language (Group) and Script Index -- Author Index.

Mesoamerican Writing Systems: Propaganda, Myth, and History in Four Ancient Civilizations. Joyce Marcus