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Unemployment is related to economic, political and social aspects. One of the least analysed economic aspects is the relationship of unemployment to the level of confidence that characterizes some macroeconomic relevant agents, such as consumers or investors. Expanding previous work on this matter, this chapter considers a fuzzy logic methodology in order to uncover the relationship that exists between the unemployment rate and the consumer confidence level for a large group of European Union countries, in the period 1995-2015. It is concluded that this relationship is stronger than apparently it looks, especially in certain countries. This result should therefore be used as an extra argument in making economic decisions leading to the diminishment of unemployment, which will boost economic confidence.

Unemployment is related to economic, political and social aspects. One of the least analysed political aspects is the relationship that, from a partisan or ideological perspective, should exist between the election results and the aging level of the voters, which is to be reflected in different electoral costs of unemployment. This chapter updates previous work on the subject, using a spatial econometrics methodology to estimate the relationship between the levels of aging and the election results that were obtained in the most recent elections that took place in Portugal, i.e. the October 2015 legislative elections. The results confirm the hypothesis that the level of unemployment involves a higher (resp. lower) electoral cost the less (resp. more) aged is the electorate.

1. The problem of media and generations -- 2. Age, cohort, life course and generation -- 3. Generation as location : media landscapes and generations -- 4. Generation as actuality : subjective landscapes of media generations -- 5. Nostalgia and the process of generationing -- 6. Generation, mediatisation and the rhythm of ages.

"Is violent conflict inevitable? What is it in our social nature that makes us conduct wars, genocides and persecutions? The answer lies in how we are programmed to bond and form communities that demand loyalty in order to let us belong. The analysis in this book cuts through the social sciences in order to show the fundamentals of violent conflict. The book investigates conflict at the level of sociality. It reorganises existing theories of conflict under that perspective and brings them to bear upon the link between violence and togetherness. It introduces the key concept of closure to describe the conditions under which human groups start to perceive their position as similar and their reality as polarised. This is how normality starts breaking down and fault lines appear. Violent conflict is then analysed as a reaction that seeks change more rapidly than conditions seem to allow. Global comparative data from numerous studies - including M. Mousseau's works - are used to disentangle the factors that contribute to "democratic peace", that is, the fact that democratic societies do not go to war with each other. This inquiry reveals the new dimension of sociodiversity, which allows societies where individuality is strong to constantly produce alternatives and avoid closure. The book concludes with a coda on peace and sociodiversity which explains how contemporary societies can ensure durable peace and adequate social justice at the same time. Written in a clear and direct style, this volume will appeal to students, researchers and scholars with an interest in political sociology, anthropology, international relations, war studies, as well as conflict and peace studies"--

The determinants of social policy in the formation of the institutional environment of human development have been researched in the article and some institutional areas for improving the management of social policy, taking into account the challenges of today have been outlined in the article. The absence of a comprehensive state strategy of social policy in our country has been revealed. The growth rates of the consolidated budget expenditures of Ukraine in the sphere of the formation of conditions of human development have been analyzed. The gap between the targets for 2030 and the corresponding forecast values have been determined. It has been proposed to approve a comprehensive social policy strategy, which would fix its mission as achieving the goals of sustainable development and a high level of human development, which will implement the legislative experience of several European Parliament parliaments on the institutional environment of human development.

The determinants of social policy in the formation of the institutional environment of human development have been researched in the article and some institutional areas for improving the management of social policy, taking into account the challenges of today have been outlined in the article. The absence of a comprehensive state strategy of social policy in our country has been revealed. The growth rates of the consolidated budget expenditures of Ukraine in the sphere of the formation of conditions of human development have been analyzed. The gap between the targets for 2030 and the corresponding forecast values have been determined. It has been proposed to approve a comprehensive social policy strategy, which would fix its mission as achieving the goals of sustainable development and a high level of human development, which will implement the legislative experience of several European Parliament parliaments on the institutional environment of human development.

The field of media and communication has expanded substantially in China over the last few decades. New Media and the Transformations of Social Life in China covers in detail the main aspects related to media in China, including new media technologies, social networks, media convergence, smart cities, digital media, information and communication technology (ICT), and risk society. A major strength of this book is its coverage of the role of ICT for social participation in urban policy and management areas, which include e-governance, social security, and decision support systems. The book also addresses issues such as the financial crisis, the global energy crisis, and environmental pollution.

The Government of Alberta suspended the Summer Temporary Employment Program (STEP) as part of Budget 2013. In response, the InterCity Forum on Social Policy (ICFSP) administered a survey to gauge the impact that the elimination of STEP would have on organizations in municipalities across Alberta. This document contains an executive summary, an analysis of the survey results, and a copy of the questionnaire that was completed by participating organizations.

Abstract Background Short-term medical missions (STMMs) represent a grass-roots form of aid, transferring medical services rather than funds or equipment. The objective of this paper is to review empirical studies on social, economic and diplomatic aspects of STMMs. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted by searching PubMed and EBSCOhost for articles published from 1947–2014 about medical missions to lower and middle income countries (LMICs). Publications focused on military, disaster and dental service trips were excluded. A data extraction process was used to identify publications relevant to our objective stated above. Results PubMed and EBSCOhost searches provided 4138 and 3262 articles respectively for review. Most articles that provide useful information have appeared in the current millennium and are found in focused surgical journals. Little attention is paid to aspects of volunteerism, altruism and philanthropy related to STMM activity in the literature reviewed (1 article). Evidence of professionalization remains scarce, although elements including guidelines and tactical instructions have been emerging (27 articles). Information on costs (10 articles) and commentary on the relevance of market forces (1 article) are limited. Analyses of spill-over effects, i.e., changing attitudes of physicians or their communities towards aid, and characterizations of STMMs as meaningful foreign aid or strategic diplomacy are few (4 articles). Conclusions The literature on key social, economic and diplomatic aspects of STMMs and their consequences is sparse. Guidelines, tactical instructions and attempts at outcome measures are emerging that may better professionalize the otherwise unregulated activity. A broader discussion of these key aspects may lead to improved accountability and intercultural professionalism to accompany medical professionalism in STMM activity.

""This book covers all aspects of social issues impacted by information technology in organizations and inter-organizational structures and presents the conceptualization of specific social issues and their associated constructs"--Provided by publisher"--