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The Court of Appeal, Civil Division, Longmore LJ, on 24 January 2007 handed down a decision in Fiona Trust v Privalov which clarifies the relation between sections 9 and 72 of the Arbitration Act 1996; affirms, again, in strong terms the separability (or severability) of an arbitration clause from the contract in which it is included; and, apparently for the first time in English courts, establishes that allegations of bribery may be subject to the jurisdiction of an arbitrator. The decision therefore holds interest in relation to the enforcement in the United Kingdom of agreements to arbitrate and, more generally, supports the position that arbitration has a role to play in international efforts to combat corruption.

International Business in Times of Crisis classifies studies of crises relevant to international business research following a global pandemic which exposed systems failures and fragilities closely across global economic, financial, political, and social systems.

Four able and penetrating writers have recently given us their considered views on the nature and scope of international relations as a branch of higher learning.* While each of them starts from a somewhat different intellectual viewpoint, they display a striking similarity of conception of the general place of international relations (hereafter referred to as IR) in the spectrum of human knowledge. I propose here, not to subject these writings to critical scrutiny, but to use them as a starting point for a brief inspection of the scope of international relations as it now seems to be taking form in the work of the leading scholars in the field.It is necessary to note in the beginning that "scope" is a dangerously ambiguous word. It suggests that the subject matter under inquiry has clearly discernible limits, and that all one has to do in defining its scope is to trace out these boundaries in much the manner of a surveyor marking out the bounds of a piece of real property. Actually, it is nothing of the sort. A field of knowledge does not possess a fixed extension in space but is a constantly changing focus of data and methods that happen at the moment to be useful in answering an identifiable set of questions. It presents at any given time different aspects to different observers, depending on their point of view and purpose. The boundaries that supposedly divide one field of knowledge from another are not fixed walls between separate cells of truth but are convenient devices for arranging known facts and methods in manageable segments for instruction and practice. But the foci of interest are constantly shifting and these divisions tend to change with them, although more slowly because mental habits alter slowly and the vested interests of the intellectual world are as resistant to change as those of the social world.

It has been rumored that some political strategists would like to channel negotiations between developed countries of the North and developing countries of the South toward a trade-off allowing unrestricted access to Northern technology in exchange for decartelized supplies and prices for Southern raw materials. Each side would give away some of its heritage in exchange for improved access to the primary asset of the other. The negotiation shave faltered. In regard to many crucial issues they have never really begun, and in some respects the two sides have moved further apart over time. The classical economist sees no reason why either side should fear such a trade-off. In theory the free flow of goods and technology will make markets less imperfect, increase innovation, and give Northern and Southern consumers greater choice at lower prices. Governments and private firms, however, are hesitant to act in accord with this thesis. Most nations value export promotion, job protection, and self-sufficiency at least as much as they do free trade and consumer welfare. Most private firms are unwilling to develop or transfer technology without guarantees of sufficient exclusivity to limit competitive risks and ensure an adequate return on their research and development investment. Antitrust, the handmaiden of classical economics, can be used to police restrictive clauses in technology transfer agreements. Such restrictions are frequently restraints of trade in two senses. They limit trading freedom of the licensee and often restrain international trade in the products produced with the transferred technology. The Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits agreements that restrain trade among the states or with foreign nations.

Demokratieförderung soll, so der Anspruch, sowohl den Interessen als auch den Normen westlicher Demokratien entsprechen. In der Praxis ist sie allerdings regelmäßig mit Zielkonflikten konfrontiert. In theoriegeleiteter, komparativer Perspektive fragt der Band, wie Demokratieförderer mit Zielkonflikten umgehen, und analysiert die Bestimmungsfaktoren der Demokratieförderung. Untersucht wird die Politik der USA und Deutschlands gegenüber Belarus, Bolivien, Ecuador, Pakistan, Russland und der Türkei. Die Studie versammelt qualitative Einzelfallstudien und vergleichende Analysen. Sie zeigt, wie sich in der internationalen Förderung der Demokratie widersprüchliche Normen und Interessen artikulieren – und was das für die Praxis der Demokratieförderung bedeutet.Mit Beiträgen von: Aser Babajew, Niels Graf, Cemal Karakas, Annika E. Poppe, Daniel Schewe, Hans-Joachim Spanger, Bentje Woitschach, Jonas Wolff und Iris Wurm

Globalization, crisis and security : what will be the map of global rivalries in the horizon 2030? / José Félix Ribeiro -- Global governance failure / Rafael García Pérez -- Population dynamics : demography matters / Teresa Ferreira Rodrigues -- International migrations, security and identity / Miguel Requena -- Reconceptualizing the human rights heritage : challenges and prospects on the responsibility to protect / Ana Isabel Xavier -- Climate risks : theory, data and the global governance of climate change / Lara Lázaro Touza and Michel Zoghby -- Fight for natural resources : the geography of wars / Américo Zuzarte Reis -- Energy security : concepts, shifting energy landscape and main players in the 21st century / Catarina Mendes Leal -- Cyber threats, strategic impact and legal framework of conflicts in cyberspace / Paulo Fernando Viegas Nunes -- Transnational terrorism and diffused risks in a globalized world / Susana de Sousa Ferreira -- Globalization and the threats of weapons of mass destruction proliferation / Ffrancisco Galamas and Francisco Proença Garcia -- Globalization and challenges for intelligence analysis / Helena Rêgo.