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In the field of urban governance, the concept of community is often regarded as the fundamental unit for the delivery of public services. People strive to tackle diverse challenges, such as social segregation and rigid bureaucracy, through the lens of community development. Hence, a precise articulation of this concept is crucial. However, "community" can refer to either a physical area or a group of people, resulting in multiple definitions. The boundary of a community may be defined in various ways. Consequently, a paradox arises: people may enthusiastically explore the suitability of a community for providing public services, but without exactly clarifying where the discussed community itself is. This ambiguity can cause confusion in practical applications of the concept of community, resulting in a decrease in the effectiveness of community governance, the neglect of social attributes, and the undermining of public nature. This conceptual article advocates for a new approach to defining communities, one that integrates sociological components while also having a concrete spatial anchor. It proposes substituting the idea of a clear-cut "boundary" with a buffer "frontier" (or "boundary," depending on the author's intended meaning) as a means of demarcating the community. By comparing the conceptual characteristics of "frontier" and "boundary," we believe that this substitution can eliminate the yes-or-no binary determination inherent in the traditional community concept. In addition, by adopting the concept of "amenity," we aim to provide a more tangible anchor for identifying the boundaries of a community, clarifying ambiguities, and offering guidance for subsequent research operationalization.

Intro -- PUBLIC HEALTH YEARBOOK 2013 -- PUBLIC HEALTH YEARBOOK 2013 -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION ONE - BUILDING COMMUNITY CAPACITY -- Chapter 1: LESSONS LEARNED FROM BUILDING AN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COMMUNITY-ENGAGED RESEARCH -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: LEARNING TO USE TENSION TO CREATE SUSTAINABLE PARTNERSHIPS FOR RESPONSIVEn POLICY AND PRACTICE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF PARTNERSHIPS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: LESSONS LEARNED FROM NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL IMPLEMENTATIONS OF SAFECARE® -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LESSONS LEARNED -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: BUILDING BETTER COMMUNITIES: SHARED LEADERSHIP AND AUTHENTIC CHANGE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: CAPACITY BUILDING ASSISTANCE: THE 360° APPROACH AND LESSONS LEARNED -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- PARTICIPANT SELECTION -- TECHNICAL INFORMATION -- QUALITY ASSURANCE AND EVALUATION -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Chapter 6: STAKEHOLDER DIALOGUE ABOUT EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: AN E-LEARNING TOOL TO FACILITATE DISCUSSION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EBBP PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND BACKGROUND -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- LESSONS LEARNED -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: DRIVING EQUITY AT A COMMUNITY LEVEL:CASE STUDIES OF COMMUNITY-BASED PEER-DELIVERED HEALTH-CARE SERVICES AND PROGRAMS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.

The emergence of the standards-based reform movement has raised a number of issues related to the design of educational programs for students with severe disabilities, and a debate has arisen that presents an "either/or" choice between the general education curriculum and an ecological curricular framework that has traditionally guided curriculum development. In this paper, the authors propose that, to adequately meet the needs of students with moderate to severe disabilities, an ecological approach focusing on quality of life outcomes must be reconciled with the development and implementation of standards-based academic curricula. To accomplish this reconciliation, the authors recommend that individualized education plan teams engage in a process that allows them to work within an ecological curricular framework to develop standards-based goals that reflect meaningful knowledge and skills that are tailored to students' individual needs and applicable to their everyday lives. They propose that quality of life goals expand beyond home, friendships, community participation, and work to include academic goals that are life enriching and promote lifelong learning that can be linked to a broader range of subject area domains in the core curriculum. In addition, they suggest instructional approaches that promote effective instruction and generalized outcomes for both academic and functional skills. Finally, they outline a number of issues that require additional reflection, discussion, and research.

The Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) Development Food Security Activity (DFSA) in Ethiopia is a five-year project (2016-2021) supporting implementation of the fourth phase of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP4) as well as providing complementary livelihood, nutrition, gender and climate resilience activities to strengthen the program and expand its impacts. The main objectives of SPIR are to enhance livelihoods, increase resilience to shocks, and improve food security and nutrition for rural households vulnerable to food insecurity. Activities under SPIR are organized into four Purposes: 1) livelihoods, 2) nutrition, 3) women's and youth empowerment, and 4) climate resilience. Across these Purposes, SPIR provides community-level programming, training of government staff involved in public service delivery at the woreda (district) and kebele (subdistrict) level, and targeted livelihood transfers. IFPRI is conducting an experimental, quantitative impact evaluation of SPIR designed to measure the causal impact of multisectoral "graduation model" packages of livelihoods, nutrition, gender equity, and mental health interventions for improving outcomes in several domains, including livelihoods, food security, child nutrition, women's empowerment, mental health, and intimate partner violence (IPV). The impact evaluation uses a clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with four intervention arms (three treatments and a control group) to test the relative effectiveness of these packages of interventions to improve outcomes for PSNP4 beneficiaries. This endline report of the impact evaluation presents evidence on the impact of three combinations of packages of core or enhanced gender-sensitive livelihood and nutrition activities on all primary and secondary outcomes for the evaluation after three years of implementation.1 The endline survey for the impact evaluation was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic from mid-2020 and was conducted in February and April 2021, during which time a total of 3,812 households were interviewed out of the target of 3,996 households for the entire study sample. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI5; CRP2; SPIR ; PHND; PIM ; 218 pages ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Hooking up may be one pathway for sexual and gender minority (SGM) emerging adults to explore their sexual identity development while they navigate heteronormative milestones. Framed by Dillon et al.'s (2011) model of universal sexual identity development, we examined 24 interviews with SGM emerging adults to understand whether and how hooking up aided in the development of their sexual identities beyond their sexual orientation. Although some participants already reported stable sexual identities prior to hooking up, we identified that hooking up did lead others to develop their sexual preferences more fully, better understand their sexual identity, and strengthen their connections to the SGM community. These findings suggest that hooking up can facilitate positive sexual development among sexual and gender minority emerging adults.

In article it is underlined that researches of features of development of the Ukrainian economy and the basic tendencies which develop in port branch of the world, allow to allocate base components which can become the basis of development of ports of Ukraine. A strategic target of reforming of sea port potential of Ukraine is creation of priority conditions of attraction of transcontinental goods traffics attractive to the European community from the European countries in the Asian regions through our ports. In article classification UNKTAD by three categories is resulted. It is based on three criteria: strategy and a policy of development of port; width and depth of port activity, integration of port business and administration. Foreign experience of construction of organizational structures of port complexes is considered. It is established that coordination and maintenance of priority state interests in work of ports can be carried out in the different ways. The port can cope uniform governmental body or a private concern which rents means and port resources. Approaches to management of ports are investigated. The primary goals of a state policy of development of seaports are resulted. It is formulated the main strategic target of development of seaports of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of foreign practice it is established that the existing structure of management of branch has essential lacks. It is underlined that throughout last decades universal process of transformation in seaports which is characterised by their transition from a state complete control to the mixed state-private possession and management is observed. ; У статті підкреслено, що дослідження особливостей розвитку української економіки та основних тенденцій, що складися в портовій галузі світу, дозволяє виділити базові складові, котрі можуть стати підгрунтям розвитку портів України. Стратегічною метою реформування морського портового потенціалу України є створення пріоритетних, привабливих для Європейської спільноти умов залучення трансконтинентальних вантажопотоків з європейських країн в азіатські регіони через наші порти. У статті наведено класифікацію ЮНКТАД за трьома категоріями або генераціями. Вона заснована на трьох критеріях: стратегія і політика розвитку порту; широта і глибина портової діяльності, інтеграція портового бізнесу і адміністрації. Розглянуто закордонний досвід побудови організаційних структур портових комплексів. Встановлено, що координація та забезпечення пріоритетних державних інтересів у роботі портів можуть здійснюватися різними способами. Порт може управлятися єдиним урядовим органом або приватною фірмою, яка орендує кошти і ресурси порту. Досліджено підходи до управління портами. Наведено основні завдання державної політики розвитку морських портів. Сформульовано головну стратегічну мету розвитку морських портів України. На основі аналізу зарубіжної практики встановлено, що існуюча структура управління галуззю має суттєві недоліки. Підкреслено, що протягом останніх десятиліть спостерігається загальносвітовий процес перетворень в морських портах, що характеризується їх переходом від повного контролю держави до змішаного державно-приватного володіння та управління.

In article it is underlined that researches of features of development of the Ukrainian economy and the basic tendencies which develop in port branch of the world, allow to allocate base components which can become the basis of development of ports of Ukraine. A strategic target of reforming of sea port potential of Ukraine is creation of priority conditions of attraction of transcontinental goods traffics attractive to the European community from the European countries in the Asian regions through our ports. In article classification UNKTAD by three categories is resulted. It is based on three criteria: strategy and a policy of development of port; width and depth of port activity, integration of port business and administration. Foreign experience of construction of organizational structures of port complexes is considered. It is established that coordination and maintenance of priority state interests in work of ports can be carried out in the different ways. The port can cope uniform governmental body or a private concern which rents means and port resources. Approaches to management of ports are investigated. The primary goals of a state policy of development of seaports are resulted. It is formulated the main strategic target of development of seaports of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of foreign practice it is established that the existing structure of management of branch has essential lacks. It is underlined that throughout last decades universal process of transformation in seaports which is characterised by their transition from a state complete control to the mixed state-private possession and management is observed. ; У статті підкреслено, що дослідження особливостей розвитку української економіки та основних тенденцій, що складися в портовій галузі світу, дозволяє виділити базові складові, котрі можуть стати підгрунтям розвитку портів України. Стратегічною метою реформування морського портового потенціалу України є створення пріоритетних, привабливих для Європейської спільноти умов залучення трансконтинентальних вантажопотоків з європейських країн в азіатські регіони через наші порти. У статті наведено класифікацію ЮНКТАД за трьома категоріями або генераціями. Вона заснована на трьох критеріях: стратегія і політика розвитку порту; широта і глибина портової діяльності, інтеграція портового бізнесу і адміністрації. Розглянуто закордонний досвід побудови організаційних структур портових комплексів. Встановлено, що координація та забезпечення пріоритетних державних інтересів у роботі портів можуть здійснюватися різними способами. Порт може управлятися єдиним урядовим органом або приватною фірмою, яка орендує кошти і ресурси порту. Досліджено підходи до управління портами. Наведено основні завдання державної політики розвитку морських портів. Сформульовано головну стратегічну мету розвитку морських портів України. На основі аналізу зарубіжної практики встановлено, що існуюча структура управління галуззю має суттєві недоліки. Підкреслено, що протягом останніх десятиліть спостерігається загальносвітовий процес перетворень в морських портах, що характеризується їх переходом від повного контролю держави до змішаного державно-приватного володіння та управління.

Regional libraries act as focal points for the ubiquitous branch Libraries which are to be found in almost every town and village dotted around these islands. Their collections are, in relation to those housed in the CPL and in the regional libraries, smaller and more generic. The standards presented here refer only to branch libraries as listed in the new Malta Libraries Act No. VII of 2011. Branch libraries are public lending libraries intended to serve the local community of their particular locality, be it a town or village. Their mission is to serve the inhabitants within the confines of their respective local council. While visitors from other localities are welcome, the branch library's intended target audience remains its respective local community. Most localities can boast of having a branch library, most of which are located in government schools or housed within local council buildings. ; N/A

El punto de partida del presente estudio es la concepción de la relación de la universidad con su entorno productivo como una de las iniciativas económicoproductivas de la comunidad, que bajo formas asociativas y democráticas, intenta reproducir capacidad para extender a la sociedad la generación de bienes y servicios de calidad, e incluir en la gestión dinámicas productivas; es lo que se entiende como "integración del desarrollo". Se revisa institucionales de involucramiento en el desarrollo del país, deben reproducirse desde la universidad y el sector productivo. Dentro de las más elementales capacidades que propenden a la integración del desarrollo, están contempladas las competencias optimización y hasta la maximización de logros, en actividades que son estratégicas para toda organización. Se precisan como las más elementales de estas capacidades, la servir y vender, búsqueda y gestión de capital de trabajo, sondeo y conducción de personal nichos, clientes o mercados, entre las más relevantes capacidades que han marcado indicadores de una gestión productiva en muchas empresas. ; The starting point of the present study is the conception of the relationship of the university with its productive environment ace one of the economic-prodctive initiatives of the community that lower associative and democratic forms, he/she tries to reproduces capacity to extend to the society the generation of goods and services of quality, and to include in the institutional administration to traditionally segregated sectors of the productive dynamics; it is what understands each other as "integration of the development". Administrative literature is revised to declares competitions that by the light of the institutional purposes of implications in the development of the country, they should reproduces from the university and the productive sector. Inside the most elementary competitions that propend to the integral development, the managerial competitions are contemplated, that is to say, the competitions referred to basic processes that point to the optimization and until the maximization of achievements in activities that are strategic for all organization. They are necessary as the most elementary in these competitions, the search a and handling in new ways of organization of the work stops in to take place and to sell, search and handling of work capital, search a and authorized personnel´s handling, search a and technology handling, and, search and hadling of new niches, clients or markets, among the most excellent managerial competitions that have marked administration indicators in many companies. ; berrio@cantv.net ; semestral