Suchergebnisse

Indonesia adalah negara demokrasi yang mayoritas masyarakatnya muslim. Sejak pasca kemerdekaan hingga saat ini, elit-elit Islam Indonesia sering kali mengedepankan khilafiyyah yang meruncing kepada perpecahan. Idealnya, umat Islam di Indonesia harus terbiasa dengan perbedaan dan bersatu di atas pondasi indahnya perbedaan. Akan tetapi yang menjadi masalah adalah, munculnya eksklusifisme berfatwa dari ormas-ormas Islam yang kemudian melahirkan kegerahan di akar rumput. Dalam hal ini, kalangan elit mungkin sudah terbiasa dengan perbedaan, namun akar rumput belum siap dengan hal di atas. Kasus rokok misalnya, yang menjadi polemik berkepanjangan karena 3 ormas Islam saling berbeda isi fatwanya. Oleh karenanya, apakah ijtihad eksklusif seperti yang penulis maksudkan di atas merupakan sebuah kemaslahatan ataukah merupakan kemudharatan? Benarkah umat Islam Indonesia sudah tidak bisa lagi bersatu untuk mendiskusikan perbedaan? Dan pola apakah yang dapat menjadi alternatif untuk menyatukan kembali umat Islam Indonesia?

Demographic trends, population projections and emerging health problems have a direct impact on health systems. These changes happen immersed in a socioeconomic environment and a constant concern for sustainability and solvency of the health and social systems. In this context, health promotion, preventive interventions and care for people with or at risk of chronic health problems gain relevance in public health policies. This suggests that nurses will have to assume an increasingly important role in the formulation of public policies, with particular emphasis on regulation, financing, provision and professional development. Governments must be aware of the contribution of nurses. Also, nurses have no choice but to position themselves. They have the ethical obligation to be involved in the highest level of decision making in order to improve population's health, reduce health inequalities and participate in the governance of the system. Decision making and active participation in the design, formulation, implementation and evaluation of public policies necessarily implies understanding the context in which these decisions are taken, identifying stakeholders, their functions and the instruments they hold for the transformation of the health system. In order to integrate their current role in public policies, nurses must: 1) consider changes in health and social care policies based on the model, the system and the available evidence; 2) know demand, provision and public policies; 3) master regulation, evaluation and payment systems; 4) propose sustainable and efficient interventions, being aware of the opportunity cost; and, 5) enhance the contribution of nursing research through innovative solutions.

Islam is a religion that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad as the last prophet and messenger for a way of life of all mankind until the end of time. Understanding Islam harfiyah means" peaceful, happy, bow, and clean". From the definition of Islam is that it does not justify the concept of radicalism and fanaticism that lead to acts of violence or terrorism. Lately reappeared fanaticism and religious radicalism in Indonesia, even rare due to narrow thinking that there was a problem that the use of violence in addressing the differences. The factors the occurrence of radicalism is faaktor thought, economic, political, social, psychological and educational.

Rock the Vote was founded in 1996 as an attempt to exploit popular culture to boost political participation. Using pop musicians and comedians, it attempted to encourage young people to take part in politics. This article examines the formation of Rock the Vote, and explores its implications for the character of contemporary politics. It argues that Rock the Vote has to be understood not only as part of a larger shift in the nature of political campaigning and communication, but also as a response to the mutual needs of political parties and the popular culture industry. Rock the vote is both a symptom of new forms of campaigning and also a pragmatic solution to particular political problems.

Intro -- The Transformation of Plantation Politics -- CONTENTS -- ILLUSTRATIONS -- FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- PART ONE: THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK -- 1. THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL ELITES IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA -- PART TWO: THE PLANTATION POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CULTURE -- 2. THE "COTTON-OBSESSED, NEGRO-OBSESSED" DELTA PLANTATION ECONOMY -- 3. BLACK MOBILIZATION AND ELITE RESISTANCE DURING THE HEIGHTOF TRADITIONALISTIC PLANTATION POLITICAL RULE -- PART THREE: THE TRANSFORMATION AND LEGACIES OF THE PLANTATION CULTURE -- 4. THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE DELTA'S ECONOMY ?LEGALIZED GAMING, ECONOMIC CHANGE,AND THE PERSISTENCE OF BLACK CONCENTRATED POVERTY -- 5. THE TRANSFORMATION OF DELTA PLANTATION POLITICS -- 6. BUILDING BLACK AND INTERGROUP SOCIAL CAPITAL TIES IN THE DELTA -- PART FOUR: LESSONS LEARNED -- 7. CONCENTRATED POVERTY,POLITICAL POWER, AND SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA -- NOTES -- APPENDIX A -- APPENDIX B -- APPENDIX C -- APPENDIX D -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

A BASIC QUESTION IS HOW POLITICS ARE TAMED AND CEASE BEING A deadly, warlike affair. The most dramatic way is through sudden, deliberate and lasting compromises of core disputes among political elites – what we think of as 'elite settlements'. Prior to settlements elites disagree about government institutions, engage in unchecked fights for dominance, and view politics as winner-take-all. After settlements, elite persons and groups continue to be affiliated with conflicting parties, movements, and beliefs, but they share a consensus about government institutions and the codes and rules of political competition. Settlements tame politics by generating tacitly accommodative and overtly restrained practices among competing political elites.

Morozov is absolutely right to point out that other countries—not in the set analyzed in Digital Origins—might reveal different paths toward or away from democratic government. But a quick look at some of the examples shows that they do not directly conflict with my argument that the proliferation of consumer electronics in countries with an active civil society and limited resource wealth seems to come with democratic consequences. China, Cuba, North Korea, Iran, Russia, and Venezuela are often offered as examples of how a tough regime can use digital media to oppress their citizens.

This book examines the application of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) in the fields of agriculture, public health and economic development in a Least Developed Country (LDC) such as Bangladesh. In particular, it evaluates the question whether the TRIPS' one-size-fits-all approach compulsorily applicable for all countries, irrespective of their development standing, fulfils the developmental needs of Bangladesh and...