Suchergebnisse

En América Latina las políticas públicas han ganado un lugar significativo tantoen los discursos políticos como en la academia. Prácticamente desconocido hasta finalesde la década de 1980, el concepto de política pública es hoy un lugar común paraseñalar el trabajo gubernamental en pro de resolver, mitigar o regular algún problemao asunto público, o para invocar su necesidad. Su desarrollo académico —y por tanto,su enseñanza— no se encuentra desligado de las concepciones que prevalecen enmateria de relaciones entre Estado y sociedad, y de perspectivas epistemológicas. Esteartículo sintetiza la evolución del campo de estudio y el contexto de su introducción enAmérica Latina y Colombia; luego, a partir del análisis de los contenidos curricularesy bibliográficos de las asignaturas de pregrado en las carreras de Ciencia Política yafines de diecinueve universidades, se busca caracterizar el campo del análisis depolíticas públicas en Colombia. Los resultados de la investigación muestran la fuertepresencia del enfoque neorracionalista y de la importancia de los libros de textos enespañol publicados en Colombia, concluyendo con una discusión relativa a la posibleautonomización institucional del análisis de políticas públicas. ; Policy analysis —as a specific field of study and training in political science—has known an important development in the last two decades in Latin America. Thearticle synthesizes the stages and the context of the general development of this fieldof study focusing on Latin America and Colombia. The author seeks to characterizethe field of policy analysis in Colombia starting from the analysis of curricula,course content, the bibliographic material employed in the undergraduate careers ofPolitical Science, as well as through the consideration of the theoretical approaches,methodologies, and the most referenced texts and authors in the programs. Theresults of the research show a strong presence of the neo-rationalist approach andthe wide use of textbooks in Spanish language published in Colombia. The articleconcludes with a discussion on the institutional autonomy of public policy analysisin the country.

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION PROVIDES A FERTILE FIELD FOR RESEARCH. MUCH PREVIOUS WORK HAS CENTERED ON PARTICIPATION IN THE ARENAS OF ELECTORAL POLITICS AND HAS REGARDED PARTICIPATION AS VARYING ALONG A SINGLE DIMENSION OF COSTLINESS OR DIFFICULTY. NOW PARTICIPATION IS UNDERSTOOD TO INVOLVE SEVERAL QUITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVITY AND OF ACTIVISTS, AND ALSO TO VARY ACCORDING TO THE INSTITUTIONAL SETTING.

This article analyzes the use of science as a political tool in prohibitionist logic, adopting an externalist perspective. Prohibitionism strives to have its political-moral precepts be considered scientific, that is, the result of an ideologically neutral research process. The article analyzes the case of cannabis and psychedelics to show how prohibitionism has only resorted to "science" to hide its political-moral agenda, while ignoring the results of scientific research that did not fit its apriorisms. Finally, we argue that drug policies should be based on scientific evidence and on certain basic values – the defense of public health, social cohesion, Human Rights – such that an analysis in terms of power relations would allow us to better understand the contradictory relationships between science and drug policies. ; Se analiza, desde una perspectiva externalista, el uso de la ciencia como herramienta política por parte de la lógica prohibicionista. El prohibicionismo trabaja para que sus preceptos político-morales sean considerados científicos, es decir, como el resultado de un proceso de investigación neutro a nivel ideológico. El artículo analiza el caso del cannabis y de los psicodélicos para mostrar cómo el prohibicionismo solo ha recurrido a la "ciencia" para ocultar su agenda político-moral, mientras ha ignorado todos los resultados de las investigaciones científicas que no se ajustaban a sus apriorismos. Finalmente planteamos que las políticas de drogas deben fundamentarse en la evidencia científica y en ciertos valores básicos –defensa de la salud pública, de la cohesión social, de los Derechos Humanos–, por lo que un análisis en términos de relaciones de poder permitiría entender mejor las contradictorias relaciones entre ciencia y políticas de drogas.

'Science' has for long been advocated as a key driver of Africa's post-independence modernisation. This project featured strongly in the Organization of African Unit Lagos Plan of Action of 1980 that called for governments to mobilise 1% of GDP towards building their scientific and technological capabilities. The 1% goal was duly re-affirmed at the African Union Ministers' Conference of 2003, in Africa's Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action 2005, and in the 2014 Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa. The contribution presents a high-level assessment of the extent to which these various efforts are revealed in the present continent-wide status of science, technology and innovation (STI). To this end, a high-level appraisal of STI inputs, focus and outputs is assembled. In so doing, the limitations of data and STI indicators must be acknowledged. While there are signs of progress, STI policy has greater rhetorical than operational outcome, raising concerns for African states' capability to attain the SDGs and shape their participation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

This edition of the French philosopher Auguste Comte's (1798–1857) early essays shows Comte at the heart of the political and intellectual debates of Restoration France. The young Comte forged the central features of his philosophical system in response to the central challenge of the 1820s - how to find a new foundation for political legitimacy and thus to 'close' the revolutionary era. Stuart Jones's introduction to this new edition shows how Comte grappled with problems that confronted liberals and counter-revolutionaries alike, and identifies the novelty of his solution. The essays presented in this edition reveal the systematizing character of Comte's intellect, which lay at the root of his enormous appeal to nineteenth-century readers. In addition to the substantial introduction, this volume contains a chronology, biographical information on key figures, and a bibliographical note making this an accessible volume highly suitable for undergraduate use

Marino & Merskin's target article on the cognitive and psychological capacities of sheep commendably aims to use science to critique human practice. However, the article fails to make specific recommendations about how human-sheep relations should change going forward. We also underscore two problematic assumptions highlighted by other commentators: (1) that cognitive complexity is important to the case for the moral status of non-human animals and (2) that the way humans use and treat animals is caused by our conception of animals' capacities. Scientists should engage more with philosophy and ethical theory to articulate the implications of animal capacities for human treatment of animals.

This paper examined the phenomenon of climate change through a series of legal frameworks to mitigate the effects. Nigeria, being a party to many global conventions against climate change has many domestic policies towards reacting to the phenomenon of climate change. Some of these legal expositions include the Climate Change Act 2021, The National Environmental Standard and Relations Enforcement Agency Act,2007, the National Climate Change Policy, International Measures in Combatting Climate Change etc. However, the implementation of the aforementioned policies has been a great challenge to the Nigerian government and stakeholders amounting to the present devastating effect of the phenomenon in the lives and livelihoods of the people across the world especially the third world countries and Nigeria to be specific. Some of the climate change events manifest in the forms of drought, erosion, changeable rainfall, degradation of land, dirty air etc. giving rise to loss of biodiversity, and intense flooding among others. This study relied on secondary data from newspapers, published research papers, policy documents on climate change and other unpublished literature in reaction to the subject matter. Some of these challenges include ineffective enforcement and implementation of existing legislation, and non-domestication of international climate change treaties amongst others. In light of the existing challenges, the study hopes to motivate Nigerian lawmakers, policymakers and relevant stakeholders towards more proactive legislation in combating climate issues in Nigeria. The study recommended that to enhance access to justice, climate change legislation should adopt a liberal approach to locus standi requirements, and review and revise existing legislations and policies that are relevant to climate change regulation such as environmental laws, energy laws, taxation laws, etc.

Cover -- Half Title -- Copyright -- Title Page -- Contents -- Introduction: Ecosystem Experiments and Projects Using the Scientific Method -- Experiments and Projects -- How Scientists Search for Answers -- Using the Scientific Method in Experiments and Projects -- The Scientific Method -- Basic Steps in the Scientific Method -- Your Hypothesis -- Designing the Experiment -- Recording Data -- Writing the Science Fair Report -- Science Fairs -- Some tips for Success at a Science Fair -- Safety First -- Chapter 1: Ecosystems -- Experiment 1.1: Living on the Edge -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions -- Science Project Ideas -- Experiment 1.2: The Climate Suits Me -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions -- Science Project Ideas -- Experiment 1.3: In the Dark -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions -- Science Project Ideas -- Experiment 1.4: My Plot or Yours? -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions -- Science Project Ideas -- Experiment 1.5: Soil Survivors -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions -- Science Project Ideas -- Chapter 2: Nonliving Factors Affect Ecosystems -- Experiment 2.1: Thirsty Little Sprouts -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions -- Science Project Ideas -- Experiment 2.2: A Drop in the Bag -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions -- Science Project Ideas -- Experiment 2.3: Fermentation Factories -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions -- Science Project Ideas -- Experiment 2.4: Cool Fish -- Question: -- Hypothesis: -- Materials: -- Procedure: -- Results and Conclusions.

The rejection of the 'dialectics of nature' has long been thought of as the most fundamental factor distinguishing Western Marxism from official Soviet-style Marxism. Yet, in Tailism and the Dialectic, Georg Lukacs - perhaps the most influential figure in Western Marxism - strongly endorses the existence of an objective dialectic in nature. A close examination of Lukacs's main writings on science shows, however, that he still in effect denied the possibility of applying dialectical method to nature. This paradox is bound up with a dualistic conception of natural and social science with distinctly adverse implications for the development of an ecological Marxism. Adapted from the source document.

Main description: The essays gathered in this volume investigate the role of science and art in issues of war and peace through various disciplines and theoretical traditions. How does philosophical anthropology explain why humans can be so violent? How do psychoanalysis and neuroscience regard the fact that, rather than pursuing happiness and freedom, humans seem to prefer the destruction of others and themselves? How is violence incorporated into language? How do the social sciences construct a depreciative view of the enemy and the myth of a national, superior identity? How have the natural sciences been involved in domination or cooperation between countries? How does art defame or value the other? How can one shield science and art from the logic of war, making them a common good for humanity and a foundation for peace?Many reflections are discussed here with regard to Kant, Hegel, Alexander von Humboldt, Novalis, Schlegel, Schopenhauer, Tolstoy, Freud, Einstein, Ortega y Gasset, Clausewitz, Canetti, Bourdieu, Rawls etc. This volume stands alone in clarifying the role of science and art in war and peace analytically and historically while also linking it to a number of contemporary implications.

This article proposes a framework to recast our thinking about political participation. The approach adopted insists on the role of collective actors and their agents-the political elites-in the democratic process and, by implication, in determining the amount and forms of individual political participation. The proposed framework builds on a simple model of representative government and introduces some major changes in the political context which have become ever more conspicuous in the course of the last 30 years, and which are substantially modifying the conditions for conventional (electoral) and unconventional political participation. Prominent among these changes are the increasing role of the media in politics, and the decline of party control over the voters. These changes tend to enhance both electoral and non-electoral forms of participation. Another set of contemporary institutional changes reduces the electoral accountability of political decision-makers, with expected consequences that are more ambiguous for both electoral and non-electoral participation. Adapted from the source document.