Suchergebnisse

This article aims to contribute to 'bringing time back in' environmental sociology. Drawing on the work of Michael Carolan and Henri Lefebvre, a new analytical framework is set forth. It connects an ontological social-biophysical stratification of time (what is time?) and a time epistemological quartet (how do we develop knowledge claims about time?). These analytical inputs open up new research avenues to overcome the epistemic barriers related to temporality as well as new insight on how to cross the great divide between 'natural time' and 'social time'.

The recently promoted European Commission Circular Economy Package (2015) and Circular Economy Action Plan (2018) aim at decoupling economic growth from resource consumption by closing the loop of products and material flows. Coherently to a free-market scenario, these directives openly recognise a very important role for existing organisations, which, through bottom-up initiatives, shall drive the transition towards the Circular Economy in supply chains. In the European context, several companies (both SMEs and MNEs) claim to have changed, over the last years, the way they operate, by adopting Circular Economy practices. Such interventions have emphasised product and material reuse and recycle and the use of renewable energy sources throughout supply chains (Genovese et al., 2017). However, the actual extent to which Circular Economy principles are operationalised and the real impact of legislation changes have yet to be investigated (Stewart & Niero, 2018), especially when dealing with large Multi-National Enterprises, which have been operating, for decades, according to a very traditional linear model. As such, this study aims at assessing the Circular Economy state-of-the-practice in a structured way, by classifying all the initiatives that can be recognised in the largest European companies by revenues, according to the Global Fortune 500 list (fiscal year 2018). Key findings of the underlying research include an evaluation of the type of practices and of their degree of implementation, of the metrics employed to measure their impacts, along with the level of involvement of supply chain partners in such practices.

This article investigates differences between statistics on gender equality in Mexico, the UK and Sweden, and similarities in women professors' career experiences in these countries. We use Acker's (2006; 2009) inequality regime framework, focusing on gender, to explore our data, and argue that similarities in women professors' lived experiences are related to an image of the ideal academic. This ideal type is produced in the interplay of the university gender regime and other gender regimes, and reproduced through the process of structuration: signification, domination and legitimation. We suggest that the struggle over legitimation can also be a trigger for change.

Aquaculture in pond and floodplain was accelerated in Bangladesh in the 1990s as a means of better production and income which was backed by the donor agencies, NGOs, and the government. Currently, the commercial actors are involved in the aquaculture systems due to the availability of production technologies and inputs. This paper aims to explore how the commercialization and privatization of floodplain aquaculture become the cause of the sufferings of the natural resource-dependent people and biodiversity loss in the floodplains. Now, Influential people hold control of the common pool floodplains and restricted the access of the Small-Scale Fishers (SSF) to manage the aquaculture. Our findings suggest that the SSF, for whom the seasonal floodplains were an important source of livelihood, their livelihood has been destroyed and overall wellbeing have been negatively affected. Besides that, lending enough evidence to the increased inequality, a new group of poor has emerged. Because instead of ensuring the welfare of SSF, Bangladesh government has leased the floodplain lands to the powerful rich people. In addition to growing inequalities, natural resource degradation has welcomed social vulnerabilities. However, no development initiative will ever be sustainable and effective if the existing socio-ecological setting is not considered. Bangladesh government should take robust attempts to revisit fisheries policies to ensure livelihood resilience of fisheries resource-dependent community by managing the access rights of the common pool resources.

Este estudo tem por objeto demonstrar a ilegitimidade jurídica da interferência do Poder Judiciário na capacidade de tomada de decisão e execução de políticas públicas de combate à Covid-19 pela Administração Pública. A metodologia consiste na análise da doutrina jurídica e jurisprudencial relacionadas ao tema, utilizando-se os métodos bibliográfico e documental, com ênfase nas fontes de estudo do Direito Constitucional e Teoria Geral do Direito. Nessa senda, o problema a ser respondido é se o atual processo de aplicação do Direito pelo Poder Judiciário em relação às políticas públicas da Administração Pública de combate à Covid-19 pode ser considerado conflitante com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Conclui-se, assim, que os danos causados pela troca de papéis constitucionais causam a paralisia do Estado e ferem, normativamente, os princípios constitucionais, quais sejam: o princípio republicano, do Estado Democrático de Direito, e da separação de poderes. ; This study aims to demonstrate the legal illegitimacy of the interference of the Judiciary in the capacity of decision-making and execution of public policies to combat Covid-19 by the Public Administration. The methodology consists of the analysis of legal and jurisprudential doctrine related to the theme, using bibliographic and documentary methods, with emphasis on the sources of study of Constitutional Law and General Theory of Law. In this sense, the problem to be answered is whether the current process of application of the Law by the Judiciary in relation to public policies of the Public Administration to combat Covid-19 can be considered in conflict with the Brazilian legal system. It is concluded, therefore, that the damage caused by the exchange of constitutional roles causes paralysis of the State and, normatively, violates the constitutional principles of the Republic, the Democratic State of Law and the separation of powers.

Employee silence, the withholding of work‐related ideas, questions, or concerns from someone who could effect change, has been proposed to hamper individual and collective learning as well as the detection of errors and unethical behaviors in many areas of the world. To facilitate cross‐cultural research, we validated an instrument measuring four employee silence motives (i.e., silence based on fear, resignation, prosocial, and selfish motives) in 21 languages. Across 33 countries (N = 8,222) representing diverse cultural clusters, the instrument shows good psychometric properties (i.e., internal reliabilities, factor structure, and measurement invariance). Results further revealed similarities and differences in the prevalence of silence motives between countries, but did not necessarily support cultural stereotypes. To explore the role of culture for silence, we examined relationships of silence motives with the societal practices cultural dimensions from the GLOBE Program. We found relationships between silence motives and power distance, institutional collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that relationships between silence and cultural dimensions are more complex than commonly assumed. We discuss the explanatory power of nations as (cultural) units of analysis, our social scientific approach, the predictive value of cultural dimensions, and opportunities to extend silence research geographically, methodologically, and conceptually.

De son interdiction sous Louis XVI à son usage par l'État providence au cours du XIXe siècle jusqu'à sa reconnaissance durant la politique libérale de gouvernance urbaine, les associations n'ont cessé de se réinventer dans ces différents systèmes politiques. Comment les associations ont évolué au travers des changements politiques et que deviennent-elles actuellement ? Quel cheminement ont-elles parcouru pour en arriver à travailler en partenariat avec des organismes publics, notamment dans notre cas, d'un bailleur social ? Comment ces nouvelles politiques gestionnaires influencent et redéfinissent les rôles des différents acteurs que ce soient les habitants, les bailleurs sociaux ou bien encore les associations ? Plusieurs angles d'analyses seront utilisés pour saisir les divers aspects de ce sujet, qui sera alimenté par une analyse des évolutions politiques et sociales, de recherches sur les évolutions juridiques amenant à la reconnaissance du secteur associatif et enfin d'un décryptage théorique.

"Our audit of CCCC identified issues considered reportable under generally accepted government audit standards. However, the results of our audit contain sensitive information and cannot be released to the public, in accordance with exemption (n) of the Commonwealth's public records law (Section 7[26] of Chapter 4 of the Massachusetts General Laws)"--page 1.

In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, cities are increasingly subject to the consequences of climate change, which strongly impacts the urban landscape and reshapes it. Floods and floods affect entire territories in France and Europe, and are at the heart of urban concerns. For a long time the response to the risk was to provide a vast network of dikes along the rivers, partially reducing the risk but often disfiguring landscapes and destroying ecosystems. The trend has been reversed since the 1990s, and water is becoming an opportunity to make the urban project differently. New innovative strategies are emerging, combining ecological restoration, reappropriation of dammed spaces and relaxation of facilities for the presence of water. This work examines the development policies and challenges of the Grenoble University Domain in the face of flood risks, through the ages, hydraulic projects and through a cross-examination with examples from elsewhere. Does the integration of the flood risk into urban policies succeed in making our cities more suited to the upheavals of tomorrow? ; Au XXe et XXIe siècle, les villes sont de plus en plus soumises aux conséquences du changement climatique, qui impacte fortement le paysage urbain et le redessine. Les crues et les inondations touchent des territoires entiers en France et en Europe, et est au cœur des préoccupations urbaines. Longtemps la réponse face au risque a été de proposer un vaste réseau de digues le long des cours d'eau, réduisant partiellement le risque mais défigurant souvent les paysages et détruisant les écosystèmes. La tendance s'inverse depuis les années 1990, et l'eau devient une opportunité pour faire du projet urbain autrement. De nouvelles stratégies innovantes émergent, combinant restauration écologique, réappropriation des espaces endigués et assouplissement des aménagements pour la présence de l'eau. Ce travail s'intéresse aux politiques et enjeux d'aménagement du Domaine universitaire de Grenoble face aux risques d'inondation, à travers les époques, les projets hydrauliques et par un regard croisé avec des exemples venus d'ailleurs. L'intégration du risque inondation dans les politiques urbaines parvient-elle à rendre nos villes plus adaptées aux bouleversements de demain ?

De son interdiction sous Louis XVI à son usage par l'État providence au cours du XIXe siècle jusqu'à sa reconnaissance durant la politique libérale de gouvernance urbaine, les associations n'ont cessé de se réinventer dans ces différents systèmes politiques. Comment les associations ont évolué au travers des changements politiques et que deviennent-elles actuellement ? Quel cheminement ont-elles parcouru pour en arriver à travailler en partenariat avec des organismes publics, notamment dans notre cas, d'un bailleur social ? Comment ces nouvelles politiques gestionnaires influencent et redéfinissent les rôles des différents acteurs que ce soient les habitants, les bailleurs sociaux ou bien encore les associations ? Plusieurs angles d'analyses seront utilisés pour saisir les divers aspects de ce sujet, qui sera alimenté par une analyse des évolutions politiques et sociales, de recherches sur les évolutions juridiques amenant à la reconnaissance du secteur associatif et enfin d'un décryptage théorique.

Introduite en 1976, la séquence ERC bénéficie d'une base législative importante tant au niveau national qu'au niveau européen. Toutefois, son application pose question au vu des résultats de consommation des sols depuis plusieurs décennies. Selon le CEREMA, en 2017 près de 24 000 hectares ont été urbanisés en France, au détriment des sols naturels, agricoles et forestiers. Si le succès de l'application de cette séquence semble lié à la compréhension des textes de lois, l'interprétation de la réglementation ne constitue pas la seule limite à sa bonne application. En effet, les aménageurs rencontrent un certain nombre de difficulté dans son application. Ainsi, pour faciliter sa mise en oeuvre, des acteurs s'organisent afin de créer des cadres communs d'application. Pendant longtemps limité à une approche projet par projet, ce dispositif a peu à peu fait l'objet de réflexions adaptées à l'échelle d'un territoire d'action : c'est la territorialisation de la séquence ERC. Ce changement d'échelle de réflexion a progressivement intégré cet instrument des politiques environnementales à la planification territoriale. Et si avec l'émergence des démarches territorialisées, la séquence ERC représentait un moyen de concilier le développement de l'urbanisation et la préservation environnementale, quelles opportunités cela offriraient aux territoires et à leurs projets de territoire ?Produit dans le cadre d'un apprentissage au sein du Département de la Haute-Savoie, ce document a vocation à appuyer les réflexions du Département sur le sujet de la compensation écologique. Néanmoins, celui-ci aborde le sujet de la séquence ERC de manière exhaustive pour finalement se concentrer sur les perspectives d'avenir de ce dispositif.

Summarization: Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions that use natural processes in a resource efficient manner to solve societal challenges. The lack of supportive legislature, and financial, communication and social barriers complicate the process of NBS implementation. It is an urgent need to develop approaches to design and implement NBS that would act as drivers to overcome potential barriers and enhance the social acceptability of the project. The vision-based decision-making methodology and participatory process created in this study has been carried out in the Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory in Crete to design erosion and flood protection NBS and restore the riparian forest. The methodology consists of four distinct steps as follows: i) develop a vision of the area, ii) conduct a baseline assessment study, iii) NBS design and co-design, and iv) procurement and implementation. The methodology overcame multiple barriers because of the effective stakeholder engagement and the vision "drove" the project and created the necessary consensus that is necessary to achieve the objective of converting privately owned prime agricultural land to riparian forest. It offers an exemplar of a functional ecosystem restoration project that protects the river in a sustainable way, improves its biodiversity and water quality and improves the quality of life and social cohesion. ; Presented on: Sustainability

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, many governments recommended or mandated the wearing of fitted face masks to limit the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus via aerosols. Concomitant with the extensive use of non-sterile, surgical-type single-use face masks (SUM) was an increase of such masks, either lost or discarded, in various environmental settings. With their low tensile strength, the spunbond and melt-blown fabrics of the SUM are prone to shredding into small pieces when impacted by lawn cutting equipment. Observations highlight the absence of smaller pieces, which are either wind-dispersed or collected by the mower's leaf catcher and disposed together with the green waste and then enter the municipal waste stream. As proof-of-concept, experiments using a domestic lawn-mower with different height settings and different grass heights, show that 75% of all pieces of SUM fabric caught in the catcher belonged to sizes below 10 mm2, which under the influence of UV light will decay into microfibers. The implications of SUM generated microplastics are discussed.