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Throughout Tomás Abraham's novel of ideas La dificultad, Judaism is revealed to be central to the protagonist's understandings of revolutionary politics, philosophy, and his own identity. As is apparent in his affinity with Palestinian causes as a form of anti-imperialist solidarity, life experiences and politics are inseparable. That Abraham should have chosen to focus this autobiographical novel on the Hungarian-Argentine Jewish narrator's experiences with the Paris student movements of 1968 suggests that revolutionary movements and the challenges to the global Jewish community continue to affect his identity as a Jew, an Argentine, and a philosopher.A lo largo de la novela de ideas de Tomás Abraham La dificultad, se revela el rol central del judaísmo en como el protagonista entiende la política revolucionaria, la filosofía y su propia identidad. Como es evidente en su afinidad con las causas palestinas como una forma de solidaridad antiimperialista, las experiencias de vida y la política son inseparables. El hecho de que Abraham eligió enfocar esta novela autobiográfica en las experiencias del narrador judío húngaro-argentino con los movimientos estudiantiles de París de 1968 sugiere que los movimientos revolucionarios y los desafíos a la comunidad judía global continúan afectando su identidad como judío, argentino y filósofo.

En este trabajo se analizan diversas razones que, procedentes de la filosofía política y el Derecho positivo, pueden justificar el establecimiento de una renta básica universal. En primer lugar se ofrece una visión panorámica de la justificación normativa de la renta básica universal, distinguiendo tres modelos que responden a otras tantas concepciones de la justicia social. El artículo se centra a continuación en argumentos que proceden del orden jurídico positivo (internacional, europeo e interno) y que pueden adquirir relevancia en la discusión acerca del establecimiento de una renta básica universal y, en particular, acerca de sus fortalezas o debilidades frente a otras medidas cercanas como, por ejemplo, las rentas mínimas de inserción. Abstract: This paper analyzes various reasons coming from political philosophy and positive law, which can justify the establishment of a universal basic income. First, a panoramic view of the normative justification of universal basic income is offered: three models that respond to many other conceptions of social justice are presented. The article then focuses on arguments that come from positive legislation (international, european and domestic law) and which can become relevant in the discussion about the establishment of a universal basic income and, precisely, about its strengths or weaknesses against other quite similar measures such as minimum insertion income.

El presente artículo reconstruye la acción del filósofo argentino Luis Juan Guerrero (1899-1957) como Delegado Interventor en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral durante la segunda presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen. Analiza su proyecto académico y su política institucional, focalizando especialmente en la renovación de la Sección de Filosofía y la creación del Instituto de Pedagogía. Elenfrentamiento entre el "normalismo" predominante en la comunidad docente de Paraná y el ideario del Movimiento de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918, personificado por Guerrero y sus colaboradores, es estudiado dentro del contexto históricodel antiyrigoyenismodel gobierno provincial de Entre Ríos. ; This paper reconstructs the action of the Argentine philosopher Luis Juan Guerrero (1899-1957) as Delegate Controller at the Faculty of Education Sciences of the National University of the Litoral during the second presidency of Hipólito Yrigoyen. It analyzes his academic project and his institutional policy, focusing especially on the renovation of the Section of Philosophy and the creation of the Institute of Pedagogy. The confrontation between the "normalism" prevailing in the teaching community of Paraná and the ideology of the University Reform Movement, personified by Guerrero and his collaborators, is studied within the historical context of the anti-yrigoyenism of the provincial government of Entre Ríos.

<p>Postmodern philosophers have announced the "death" of the great ideas elaborated by modern philosophy. The concept of human rights thus faces a school of thought that announces the death of the subject, the end of man, history and ideology. In this context, two aspects of human rights are being discussed: their universal nature and the autonomy of the subject. In addition, the crisis of the national state has revealed the degradation of rights. For this reason, it is proposed that we should stop treating human rights declarations as proclamations of universal meta-legal values and, instead, begin to investigate the real functions that human rights fulfill in the modern state. Postmodern thinkers demonstrate that the idea of human rights does not support «petrification», in the sense of the absence of a renewal of philosophical reflection and of legal narratives. In addition, they do not consider that the «legalisation» of human rights in the structures of the national state is convenient.We must worry about man, in his pure state of existence, in naked life.</p><p><strong>Received</strong>: 19 June 2018<br /><strong>Accepted</strong>: 23 October 2018<br /><strong>Published online</strong>: 11 December 2018</p>

This paper is closed access until 24 September 2019. ; The need for formulation of solid explanatory theories is heightened in information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) by the high incidence of failure, which involves substantial costs for the countries affected. A core argument of this paper is that a critical realist ontology offers intellectual tools that can ground the formulation of causal theory in ICT4D. The paper illustrates such potential through the case study of India's Unique Identity Project (Aadhaar), which Indian states are increasingly using within their anti-poverty programmes. Following a critical realist retroductive methodology, the paper seeks to explain the incorporation of Aadhaar into India's main food security system, the Public Distribution System; an incorporation somewhat paradoxical given the mistrust often associated with biometric infrastructures in social protection. Critical realism allows construction of a theory of trust-building in Aadhaar, based on mechanisms of institutionalisation (state governments framing Aadhaar as a core institutional means to receive benefits) and image formation (authorities systemically associating Aadhaar with an image of effective pro-poor reform). Based on primary and secondary data collected over the course of six years, this paper contributes a theoretical explanation of an important phenomenon in Indian development, and illustrates how a critical realist philosophy is instrumental in building the type of causal theory that is needed in ICT4D.

The main idea behind this article is that in order to understand the meaning that Kant's political philosophy is rendered to by the given socio-historical context of a community we need to turn for help to artistic genius whose subjective "I" holds a general feeling of the world and life. It is in this sense that authors of great novels can help us in two ways. First, their works summarise for our imagination artistic truth about man's capacity for humanity, the very thing that Kant considers to be the scientifically improvable "fact of reason'. Second, works of great writers offer for our insight destinies of individuals who decide to pursue moral dictate in a society, thus actualising the potential that lies hidden in all of us, making us worthy of respect. As we lack objective scientific standard of measurement, artist's universal feeling of the world is impressed upon us through a narrative about a man who, in a given society and in a given moment, decides to exercise his autonomy and seek the divine in himself. Contemporary social scientists' attempts to prove historical progress is characterised by the very lack of humbleness. Referring to the great novelists' works in this article is aimed to remind scientists of restraint and self-control demanded from them by the citizen of Konigsberg.

This article aims to make a philosophical reading of the peace agreements signed between the Colombian government and the FARC guerrilla. After (i) presenting Derrida's thesis about the need to deconstruct the concept of the enemy as the very thing of philosophy, and (ii) attempting an approach to the concepts of reconcilement and re–evolution in the different fields of the conflict, then, (iii) I return to the initial thesis in order to suggest exploration routes by way of theoretical indications on how to re-signify the concept of enemy in terms of a genuine social and philosophical pluralism. ; Este artículo se propone hacer una lectura filosófica de los acuerdos de paz firmados entre el gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las Farc. Después de (i) presentar la tesis de Derrida acerca de la necesidad de deconstruir el concepto de enemigo como la cosa misma de la filosofía, y (ii) intentar una aproximación a los conceptos de re–conciliación y re–evolución en los distintos ámbitos del conflicto, entonces, (iii) retomo la tesis inicial con el fin de sugerir rutas de exploración a modo de indicios teóricos sobre la manera de resignificar el concepto de enemigo en términos de un genuino pluralismo social y filosófico.

Este artículo busca una interpretación, a la luz conceptual del racionalismo ilustrado alemán, de los dilemas éticos y políticos expuestos en la novela El Lector de Bernhard Schlink. En el marco de los grandes problemas de la modernidad ilustrada: la razón, la libertad, la justicia; se pretende interpretar los problemas morales presentes en la novela: la vergüenza, la culpa y el silencio; la relación intergeneracional en la postguerra; el amor, la responsabilidad y la libertad; la perspectiva madura de una historia que atraviesa varias etapas de la vida. Por ello, este artículo, más que un análisis literario, vincula a la filosofía política y moral con el trabajo literario de Schlink ; This article seeks an interpretation, in the conceptual light of the German Enlightenment rationalism, of the ethical and political dilemmas exposed in the novel The Reader by Bernhard Schlink. Reason, freedom, justice, within the framework of these great problems of enlightened modernity, there is an attempt to interpret the moral problems that appear in the novel: shame, guilt and silence, the intergenerational relationship in the postwar period, love, responsibility, and freedom, the mature perspective of a story that goes through several stages of life. Hence, this article, rather than a literary analysis, links political philosophy, morality and ethics with the literary work of Schlink

Since the 1995 Beijing conference, gender mainstreaming has become a topical issue internationally. The philosophy entails bringing gender issues at the centre of societal endeavors to ensure gender equality. Nigeria, among other nations, ratified the convention that gave rise to gender mainstreaming as a veritable strategy in societal development. At the end of 2015, the UN scored Nigeria low in the attainment of the eight core Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Attainment of gender equality was one of the core goals of the MDG which supposed to make women beneficiaries of the policies of the Federal Government of Nigeria to the same extent as men. Successive governments in Nigeria have articulated excellent programmes such as Better Life for Rural Women and Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) to drive the process, yet none has significantly addressed the yawning gap of inequality between men and women in every sphere of life in the country. Women, compared to men, are significantly underrepresented in decision-making positions, access to education and economic resources. The paper is concerned that no sustainable development stride can be achieved in the face of the enormous gender challenge in the country. Using secondary data, the authors observe that strong political will, monitoring and evaluation, among other factors, are lacking in the implementation of gender mainstreaming in Nigeria.

En este artículo indago acerca de la compatibilidad del modelo de filosofía jurídica de Ronald Dworkin con el neoconstitucionalismo y otras versiones del constitucionalismo. La tesis que defiendo es que el constitucionalismo sustantivo de Dworkin, considerado en el contexto de su teoría del derecho como moral política institucionalizada, es incompatible con las tesis fundamentales que, tanto sus partidarios como sus detractores, atribuyen al neoconstitucionalismo, así como con otros modelos que toman a la Constitución como una especie de justificativo de segundo orden de principios y valores, un puente entre el derecho y la moral o un determinante de la exclusión de las reglas del razonamiento jurídico. ; In this paper I inquire about the compatibility of Ronald Dworkin's legal philosophy model with neo-constitutionalism and other versions of constitutionalism. My point is that the substantive constitutionalism of Dworkin, considered in the context of his theory oflaw as institutionalized political morality, is incompatible with the fundamental theses that both his supporters and his detractors attribute to neoconstitutionalism, as well as other models that take the Constitution as a kind of second-order justification of principies and values, a bridge between law and morality or a determinant of the exclusion of the rules of legal reasoning. ; Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

RESUMEN: El pensamiento jurídico de Hegel se plasma en al menos tres obras publicadas en vida del autor, la Fenomenología del espíritu, la Enciclopedia de las ciencias filosóficas y la Filosofía del derecho. La complejidad al abordar el tratamiento hegeliano del Derecho en general y del Derecho Penal en particular radica fundamentalmente en una falta de consideración de su lugar sistemático en su obra y de su articulación con el resto del pensamiento hegeliano. En este trabajo, ofrezco una interpretación del fundamento del Derecho Penal que considere tanto la ubicación sistemática de lo jurídico como también aspectos generales del pensamiento hegeliano.ABSTRACT: Hegel's legal thought has been considered in at least three works published while the author was alive: the Phenomenology of Spirit, the Encyclopedia and the Philosophy of Right. The main problem while considering Hegel's treatment of Penal Law is based on a lack of attention to its systematic location on Hegel's work and a lack of articulation between the legal subject and the Hegelian thought. In this paper, I offer an interpretation on the grounds of the Penal Law. This interpretation takes into account the systematic location of the legal subject and main aspects of Hegel's philosophy.PALABRAS CLAVE: Hegel, delito, Derecho, castigo.KEYWORDS: Hegel, crime, Law, punishment.

AbstractOnline supply-chain financing has been a relatively novel funding channel for suppliers as small- and medium-sized enterprises ("SMEs") to obtain loans in that the revolution of financial technology ("FinTech") transforms traditional supply-chain financing, which used to be administered only by official banks, to an online model also used by electronic commerce platforms ("e-commerce platform"). Endeavours towards financial inclusion of the underserved SMEs could rationalize why we should allow for or encourage FinTech innovations exemplified by the online supply-chain financing mentioned above. What would be an adaptive regulatory regime for such innovative FinTech-enabled financial services as the online supply-chain financing? Within our conceptual framework to regulate the FinTech industry at the early stage, rather than rigorous rules traditionally placed on large financial institutions, a principles-based strategy should be adopted to strike a balance between financial stability and access to financial services advanced by disruptive innovations. As a necessary complement, regulatory sandboxes would be needed to spur a shift in institutional philosophy to a principles-based regulatory regime. In other words, the regulatory attitude of FinTech regulation should be humble and light-touch to promote innovation for improving digital financial inclusion, albeit on the premise of containing potential systemic risk and protecting consumer interest in the meantime.

The article deals with the interpretation of the concept of «justice» as a category of modern civil process from the point of view of philosophy, history, linguistics and law. The interpretation of the category of «fairness» in the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as the problem of the application of this subjective category by the national courts of the Russian Federation is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis and generalization of law enforcement practice, there have been singled out blocks of theoretical and practical problems of the application of the category «justice» that arise in the legal proceedings in Russian courts. The article suggests ways to address them, as well as provides directions for improving current legislation and judicial practice. ; В статье рассматриваются вопросы толкования понятия «справедливость» как категории современного гражданского процесса с точки зрения философии, истории, лингвистики и юриспруденции. Анализируется толкование категории «справедливость» в постановлениях Европейского Суда по правам человека, а также проблемы применения данной субъективной категории национальными судами Российской Федерации. На основе анализа и обобщения правоприменительной практики выделяются блоки теоретических и практических проблем применения категории «справедливость», возникающие при разрешении конкретных дел в российских судах. Предлагаются пути их решения, а также формулируются рекомендации по совершенствованию действующего законодательства и судебной практики.

The purpose of this paper is to show that the interpretation of biopolitics as developed by Giorgio Agamben is based, first of all, on the assumption of primacy of the language as ontologically negative structure. The crucial link between biopolitics and language in philosophy of Agamben shows up as fundamentally radicalized interpretation of the movement of negation in the Hegelian dialectics. According to Agamben, Hegelian sense-certainty is simultaneously negated by language and suspended in language in a form of unspeakability – pure negativity. Moreover, any social structure is formed in the same way, and this is the reason why any kind of politics for Agamben is already biopolitics. This insight allows us to formulate the conceptual analogy between the way Hegelian sense-certainty "exists" in language and man, as a living being, "exists" in politics – that is, as always suspended, negated but never fully removed. ; Straipsnyje siekiama parodyti, jog tik išryškinus kalbos kaip pirmapradiškai negatyvios struktūros idėją bei atskleidus jos įprasminimo perspektyvą, įmanoma neredukcionistiškai interpretuoti Giorgio Agambeno biopolitikos koncepciją. Kalbą ir biopolitiką susiejantis ryšys Agambeno filosofijoje išryškinamas analizuojant jo radikalizuotą Hegelio neigimo judesio interpretaciją. Teigiama, kad tik ontologiškai negatyviai interpretuojant kalbą galima paaiškinti, kodėl politika Agambenui visada jau yra biopolitika. Sykiu galima formuluoti ir svarbią konceptualinę analogiją: žmogus, kaip gyva būtybė, politikoje "egzistuoja" tokiu pat statusu, kaip hegeliškas juslinis tikrumas "egzistuoja" kalboje.

Resumen: el autor sostiene que Don Quijote de Cervantes puede leerse en clave económica, y que contiene lecciones sobre la importancia de la libertad política y monetaria. A través de un análisis pormenorizado de distintos episodios de la obra, el artículo presenta el modo en que aparecen conceptos como la Ley de Gresham, la inflación, la teoría subjetiva del valor, el control de precios y la usura. La obra cervantina comparte la misma visión económica de la Escuela de Salamanca, y en última instancia este trabajo demuestra que Don Quijote busca mover a la reflexión sobre los problemas que ocasionan las prácticas económicas que se dirigen en contra de la libertad individual. ; Abstract: The author argues that Cervantes's Don Quijote can be read in economic terms, and that it contains lessons about the importance of political and monetary freedom. Through a detailed analysis of different episodes, the article presents the ways in which concepts such as Gresham's Law, inflation, subjective value theory, price controls, and usury are depicted in the novel. Cervantes's work shares much of the economic philosophy of the School of Salamanca, and this essay ultimately demonstrates that Don Quijote prompts readers to reflect on the problems caused by economic practices that are directed against individual freedom.