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Introduction. The paper is devoted to the values that highlight terminal value orientations that determine the criteria for a young person's attitude to social life. Basic axiological settings play a key role in the processes of situation assessment, individual self-regulation while choosing and implementing a proper form of behavior. The aim of our research is analyzing the structure of the value system of young people by age and gender. The research objectives include identifying the value priorities of youth at the age of 15 to 17, which form the basis for constructing life strategies in social adaptation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the specifics of researching the axiology of social adaptation, due to the measured parameters of the motivational structure of the personality and interdisciplinary research.Methodology and sources. The research is conducted on the theoretical basis of social philosophy and psychology within the framework of the activity concept of the personality, using comparative analysis, psychological testing methods and standardized self-reports according to the questionnaire "Terminal Values" by I. G. Senin. The research was conducted in St. Petersburg in May 2019, 64 respondents aged 15-17 years took participation in the empirical research, of which 38 were boys and 26 were girls.Results and discussion. Young people in the reference group present empirical findings in the structural diagram that demonstrates the average level of the basic values expression. This corresponds to the person's inherent style of adaptive behavior in social sphere of his or her life world. It is found that in the system of terminal values for both boys and girls, common priority is given to spiritual gratification in the implementation of life plans (33 %). 27 % of young men surveyed in social adaptation are value-oriented to preserve their own individuality. A comparative analysis of the value priorities for boys and girls shows the difference in life strategy motivation. Among the young people in the reference group, target orientations on their own prestige, active social communication and spiritual gratification are of higher significance in the processes of social adaptation.Conclusion. In conclusion, we can note a clearly expressed axiological orientation of youth on the value of family relations, with which both boys and girls associate the formation of their intellectual and communicative potential of life strategies in social adaptation. The results of this research are important for the research of basic axiological attitudes, and the distinguished types of value orientations allow us to outline programs for the formation of social adaptation, as well as reflection on the meaning of the realization of goals.

At the turn of the century, two major traumas have linked New York City and Hong Kong from opposite sides of the globe. Hong Kong's 1997 Handover to China and New York's 9/11 terrorist act have caused changes both in the urban space of each city and the people who inhabit it. Each city has further seen changes in reaction to foreigners due to fears and uncertainties related to the events and their aftermath. Films about immigrant individuals in these global cities investigate the situation on the micro level, but the visual nature of these texts that utilize urban space creates a broader dialogue about the identities of the cities themselves. An understanding of geography linked with the social and political justice of immigrants is explored by the filmmakers I investigate here. The apartment spaces they depict facilitate a filtering of traumas and laws toward identity; this is the space I call the filmic apartment ellipsis. Overall, this dissertation explores ontology in reciprocity with space, where the space inherently represents the law, culture, and society in relation to cinematic representations of immigrants in Hong Kong and New York films. To better understand the twenty-first century reciprocal relationship between urban space and individuals in cinema, I first historicize these tied cities through relevant migration flows, changes in urban space, the rise of the apartment, and cinematic representation. From here, I look closely at Evans Chan, a filmmaker working between the two cities, to lay out my theoretical approach to ontology and spatial justice. I follow by investigating topics that I found filmmakers have created a heteroglossia about: alternative family structures, rights related to sexuality, domestic violence, and themes of isolation and fear of the future. All of these topics are tied through the filmic apartment ellipsis, which includes domestic and urban space to tell the story of an individual. The comparative study gives us more understanding about how laws and rights shape the situation for immigrants in both cities. In a more globally connected world, we witness how traumas in one global city may quickly reach another, a concept that may be applied to other cities as well. The films become political acts and ways for the public to better understand often invisible situations rather than the macro level of immigration study that takes place in the media. Through this medium, we witness not only the harmful effects of discrimination and the law on immigrants but also the powerful ability for migratory people to both benefit from this movement and positively influence the city they inhabit. ; published_or_final_version ; Comparative Literature ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

Este artículo se centra en el trabajo comparativo de las obras de Aristóteles y Maquiavelo, considerando al concepto de felicidad como su eje principal. Si bien las consideraciones del estagirita en torno a la eudaimonia son ampliamente conocidas, no ocurre lo mismo en el caso del florentino. En consecuencia, partiremos de la formulación de la siguiente hipótesis: el pensamiento de Maquiavelo efectivamente presenta una reflexión en torno a la "felicidad", aunque de manera soslayada si tomamos como referencia la profundidad que la cuestión adquiere en Aristóteles. A partir del análisis comparativo entre los dos autores proponemos asirnos con un nuevo concepto, el de "felicidad política". A estos fines, nuestra presentación se articula en tres partes centrales. En la primera, ubicamos brevemente la categoría de eudaimonía en el marco de la filosofía aristotélica, para luego presentar el problema de la felicidad en Maquiavelo. En la segunda parte, nos adentramos en la posibilidad de pensar la categoría "felicidad política" a partir de la comparación entre algunos de los elementos centrales de la eudaimonía aristotélica y la felicidad política maquiaveliana. Dado este paso, ubicamos a la felicidad política en el marco más amplio del quiebre entre moral religiosa y moral política. ; This article centers on the comparative analysis between the works of Aristotle and Machiavelli, taking into account the notion of happiness as its backbone. Although the Stagirite's remarks regarding eudaimonia are widely known, we can't state the same about the Florentine. Hence, our point of departure will be the formulation of a brand new hypothesis: Machiavelli's thought involves a consideration of happiness, though in a shaded fashion if we compare it with the thorough approach developed by the Stagirite. The comparative analysis between both authors is how we intend to grasp this new conception, political happiness. To this end, our paper is articulated in three main sections. In the first one, we briefly recount the category of eudaimonia within the Aristotelic philosophy in order to introduce the issue of happiness in Machiavelli. In the second part, we take a few steps into the prospect of thinking the category of political happiness by relating some of the essential inputs of both Aristotle's eudaimonia and Machiavelli's thoughts on happiness. At this stage, we place the political happiness in the frame of the broader scenery of the schism between religious morality and political morality. ; Fil: Grimmer, Luis Santiago. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina ; Fil: Lombardía, Federico Nicolás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentina

The Field of Public Economics has been changing rapidly in recent years, and the sixteen chapters contained in this Handbook survey many of the new developments. As a field, Public Economics is defined by its objectives rather than its techniques and much of what is new is the application of modern methods of economic theory and econometrics to problems that have been addressed by economists for over two hundred years. More generally, the discussion of public finance issues also involves elements of political science, finance and philosophy. These connections are evidence in several of the chapters that follow. Public Economics is the positive and normative study of government's effect on the economy. We attempt to explain why government behaves as it does, how its behavior influences the behavior of private firms and households, and what the welfare effects of such changes in behavior are. Following Musgrave (1959) one may imagine three purposes for government intervention in the economy: allocation, when market failure causes the private outcome to be Pareto inefficient, distribution, when the private market outcome leaves some individuals with unacceptably low shares in the fruits of the economy, and stabilization, when the private market outcome leaves some of the economy's resources underutilized. The recent trend in economic research has tended to emphasize the character of stabilization problems as problems of allocation in the labor market. The effects that government intervention can have on the allocation and distribution of an economy's resources are described in terms of efficiency and incidence effects. These are the primary measures used to evaluate the welfare effects of government policy

Truth commissions, official apologies and reparations are just some of the transitional justice mechanisms embraced by established democracies. This groundbreaking work of political theory explains how these forms of state redress repair the damage state wrongdoing inflicts upon political legitimacy. Richly illustrated with real-life examples, the book's 'legitimating theory' explains the connections, and the conflicts, between the transitional practice of administrative, corrective and restorative justice. The book shows how political responses to state wrongdoing are part of a larger transitional history of the post-War 'rights revolution' in the settler democracies of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. The result is an incisive theoretical exploration that not only explains the rectificatory work of established democracies but also provides new ways to think about the broader field of transitional justice.

US officials often portray the Chinese government as having few, if any, ethical boundaries in its pursuit of power. This article argues China, like Western countries, has a rich tradition of constraining this pursuit that can impact the nation's policies. With a focus on the relationship between ways of war and ethics of war, it relies on traditional and contemporary scholarship from both the East and the West to highlight differences in how each military views the practical and ethical aspects of war and how these views can interact. Understanding the ethical logic available to one's adversaries will allow US leaders and planners to leverage China's behavior and optimally shape US policies and actions.

Constitutional argument runs on the rails of "modalities." These are the accepted categories of reasoning used to make claims about the content of supreme law. Some of the modalities, such as ethical and prudential arguments, seem strikingly open ended at first sight. Their contours come into clearer view, however, when we attend to the kinds of claims that are not made by constitutional interpreters – the analytical and rhetorical moves that are familiar in debates over public policy and political morality but are considered out of bounds in debates over constitutional meaning. In this Article, we seek to identify the "anti-modalities" of constitutional law and to investigate their implications. The anti-modalities both stabilize and undermine the modalities. On the one hand, they work in tandem to ensure that constitutional interpretation remains a distinctive legal enterprise. The two argument bundles are in this sense mutually reinforcing, even co-constitutive. On the other hand, by ruling out various important categories of reasoning – from general moral theory to emotional judgment to many cost-benefit calculations – the anti-modalities put continuous pressure on the modalities to accommodate such reasoning in adulterated forms, or else insist on a long distance between the inputs into supreme law and the concerns that most people care about. We call this distance constitutional law's "resonance gap." Such a gap arises in all areas of law, but it is especially pronounced in the constitutional realm. Although the anti-modalities play a critical role in preserving the law/politics distinction, they have deleterious consequences for each side of that line. The best response, this Article suggests, is not necessarily to narrow the resonance gap but rather to narrow the domain of constitutional law. If constitutional argument must exclude (or purport to exclude) vital modes of reasoning, we might worry less about refining its grammar and more about restricting its reach.

La décision rendue par le tribunal de grande instance de Tarascon le 20 novembre 1998 permet d'illustrer concrètement le rôle joué par le droit dans les processus d'artification, c'est-à-dire sur la destinée – artistique ou non – de certains objets. En ce sens, le jugement montre clairement l'influence déterminante de facteurs a priori externes sur le parcours des « œuvres » et, par extension, sur le concept même d'art. Le cas est célèbre : le 25 août 1993, Pierre Pinoncelli attaque l'urinoir de Duchamp à coups de marteau avant d'y uriner. Le tribunal entend prendre en compte la spécificité artistique du geste, revendiquée par Pinoncelli. Par un raisonnement étonnant, le juge se déclare apte à apprécier le caractère artistique de la performance par le biais d'une évaluation pécuniaire. Un examen de cette décision à la lumière des champs bourdieusiens permet d'expliquer les processus d'artification, de désartification et de nouvelle artification dont le tribunal est, inconsciemment, l'auteur. Si cette décision nie le geste de Pinoncelli en allouant des dommages et intérêts pour la restauration de l'œuvre – provoquant une artification inaccomplie –, paradoxalement, elle est constitutive du caractère artistique du happening et est, en ce sens également, facteur d'artification. ; The judicial decision issued by the Tarascon district court order on November 20th 1998, allows to concretely illustrate the role played by law in the artification processes that is on the artistic or non artistic destiny of some works. Thus the judgement clearly shows the determinant influence of a priori external factors on the works of art pathways and, by extension, on the concept of art itself. This case is famous : On Augustus 25th 1993, Pierre Pinoncelli attacks the Duchamp's urinal with a hammer before urinating in it. The Court intends to consider the artistic specificity of the gesture claimed by Pinoncelli. By an amazing reasoning, the judge declares himself qualified to estimate the artistic nature of the performance by means of a financial evaluation. Considerating this decision in light of Bourdieu's fields allows to explain the artification processes, the disartification and the new artification which the Court is unconsciously the author. If this decision denies Pinoncelli's gesture by allocating damages for the restoration of the work – giving rise to an unaccomplished artification –, paradoxically, it is constitutive of the artistic nature of the happening and is, to this effect as well, a factor of artification. ; Peer reviewed

International audience The housing issue has never occupied a special place in the political agenda of successive governments in Turkey, and housing needs have long been managed by way of individual initiatives. When, due to rapid urbanization, the problem took on enormous proportions, the authorities were unable to offer effective solutions. In fact, it was only very late, during the 1980s, that public policies relating to the building of collective housing emerged, under the management of a specifically created administration (TOKI). However, we cannot speak in Turkey of the existence of social housing such as France's HLMs, or Algeria's AADLs or LPLs. While there are home ownership programs for those on low incomes, there are none for the rental sector at prices indexed to an individual's income. Through the lens of the need for housing and the positioning of political decision-makers, the author therefore proposes to examine the three major periods of urbanization, starting from the 1930s. She offers avenues for reflection on the absence of public policies on housing and on the resilience of rural migrants in terms of their residential vulnerability in their urban life. The study is based on a comparative analysis of two large metropolises in Turkey: Istanbul and Ankara. ; La question du logement n'a jamais occupé en Turquie une place particulière dans l'agenda politique des gouvernements successifs, et les besoins en matière de logement ont longtemps été gérés par des initiatives individuelles. Quand, du fait de l'urbanisation rapide, le problème a revêtu une ampleur considérable les pouvoirs publics se sont avérés incapables de produire des solutions efficaces. De fait, ce n'est que très tardivement, dans le courant des années 1980, que des politiques publiques ont vu le jour, aux fins de la construction de logements collectifs sous la gestion d'une administration spécifiquement crée (TOKI). Cependant, on ne peut pas parler en Turquie de l'existence de logements sociaux de type HLM comme en France, ou ...

Sprache fungiert als Sonderhorizont der Konversierenden, Rechtssprache als Sonderhorizont rechtssprachlich Konversierender. Bei unterschiedlichem Sonderhorizont scheitert Kommunikation. Das Gelingen von Kommunikation ist daher insbesondere im grenzüberschreitenden Kontext sehr schwierig, da die Rechtssprache außerdem keine herkömmliche Fachsprache ist, derer man sich - allenfalls nach Übersetzung - weltweit bedienen könnte. Jede Rechtsordnung verwendet vielmehr ihre eigene Rechtssprache als gesonderte Fachsprache, die vom nationalen Rechtskontext geprägt ist. Johannes Landbrecht analysiert, wie Kommunikation zum Recht trotzdem gelingen kann.

International audience ; L'une des premières questions qu'il convient de poser à l'histoire du suicide tient à la position du narrateur. S'agit-il de s'engager dans une explication du passage à l'acte ? S'agit-il plutôt de rendre compte des explications formulées dans un temps et un espace situé ? Les deux démarches sont également légitimes et nous n'avons pas choisi d'en privilégier une pour cette journée d'étude. La capacité de la mort volontaire à susciter la réaction sociale rend l'histoire sociale du suicide particulièrement complexe en raison du nombre de sources disponibles (droit, justice, théologie, philosophie, médecine, sciences humaines…). Cette variété appelle à une réserve méthodologique préliminaire sur la capacité de l'histoire à en rendre compte par une synthèse englobant plusieurs aires culturelles dans la longue durée. Nous ne possédons pas pour l'instant de synthèse sur le sujet, comparable au travail mené par Philippe Ariès sur la mort en Occident. Les contextes nationaux ne sont pas indifférents à l'évolution de la question et ils exigent de tenir compte de chronologies spécifiques avant d'établir un inventaire des différences, des similitudes et de circulations des savoirs. Ce qui a conduit, depuis ces dernières années, plusieurs historiens à mener des études comparatives du suicide sur les plans culturel, national et politique. Dans cette optique, la compréhension du suicide, de ses causes et des mobiles, exige une approche qui inscrit ce phénomène dans la spécificité culturelle et nationale qui le détermine. Ainsi, si l'on compare la situation de la France avec l'Angleterre, les différences paraissent a priori flagrantes sur le plan juridique, puisque le code pénal de 1791 décriminalise l'acte tandis que le suicide reste passible de poursuite durant toute la période victorienne (Anderson 1987 ; MacDonald et Murphy, 1993) et ne fut dépénalisé en Angleterre qu'en 1961. La tendance au retrait judiciaire, dans sa pratique, est pourtant similaire. Nous avons donc choisi pour cette journée ...

This open-access book brings together international experts who shed new light on the status of social enterprises, benefit corporations and other purpose-driven companies. The respective chapters take a multidisciplinary approach (combining law, philosophy, history, sociology and economics) and provide valuable insights on fostering social entrepreneurship and advancing the common good. In recent years, we have witnessed a significant shift of how business activities are conducted, mainly through the rise of social enterprises. In an effort to target social problems at their roots, social entrepreneurs create organizations that bring transformative social changes by considering, among others, ethical, social, and environmental factors. A variety of social enterprise models are emerging internationally and are proving their vitality and importance. But what does the term "social enterprise" mean? What are its roots? And how does it work in practice within the legal framework of any country? This handbook attempts to answer these questions from a theoretical, historical, and comparative perspective, bringing together 44 contributions written by 71 expert researchers and practitioners in this field. The first part provides an overview of the social enterprise movement, its evolution, and the different forms entities can take to meet global challenges, overcoming the limits of what governments and states can do. The second part focuses on the emergence of benefit corporations and the growing importance of sustainability and societal values, while also analyzing their different legal forms and adaptation to their regulatory environment. In turn, the last part presents the status quo of purpose-driven companies in 36 developed and emerging economies worldwide. This handbook offers food for thought and guidance for everyone interested in this field. It will benefit practitioners and decision-makers involved in social and community organizations, as well as in international development and, more generally speaking, social sciences and economics.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- Part I Methodology: Collaborations and Disputes -- 1 Martin Krygier (1982), 'The Concept of Law and Social Theory', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 2, pp. 155-80. -- 2 Kim Lane Scheppele (1994), 'Legal Theory and Social Theory', Annual Review of Sociology, 20, pp. 383-406. -- 3 Brian Z. Tamanaha (1995), 'An Analytical Map of Social Scientific Approaches to the Concept of Law', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 15, pp. 501-35. -- 4 Roger Cotterrell (1998), 'Why Must Legal Ideas be Interpreted Sociologically?', Journal of Law and Society, 25, pp. 171-92. -- 5 Nicola Lacey (2006), 'Analytical Jurisprudence Versus Descriptive Sociology Revisited', Texas Law Review, 89, pp. 945-82. -- 6 Christopher McCrudden (2006), 'Legal Research and the Social Sciences', Law Quarterly Review, 122, pp. 632-50. -- 7 Geoffrey Samuel (2008), 'Is Law Really a Social Science? A View from Comparative Law', Cambridge Law Journal, 67, pp. 288-32l. -- Part II Common Problems: Modes of Explanation of Behaviour -- 8 Gunther Teubner (1989), 'How the Law Thinks: Toward a Constructivist Epistemology of Law' ,Law & Society Review, 23, pp. 727-58. -- 9 A.I. Ogus (1989), 'Law and Spontaneous Order: Hayek's Contribution to Legal Theory', Journal of Law and Society, 16, pp. 393-409. -- 10 Lewis A. Kornhauser (1999), 'The Normativity of Law', American Law and Economics Review, 1, pp. 3-25. -- 11 David Nelken (2004), 'Using the Concept of Legal Culture', Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy, 29, pp. 1-26. -- 12 Matthew Noah Smith (2006), 'The Law as a Social Practice: Are Shared Activities at the Foundations of Law?', Legal Theory, 12, pp. 265-92. -- Part III Common Objects: Modes of Explanation of Legal Phenomena

1.What it is and what it isn't : introducing cultural studies /Toby Miller --2.Interdisciplinary /Mark GibsonandAlec McHoul --3.Is there a cultural studies of law /Rosemary Coombe --4.The renewal of the cultural in sociology /Randy Martin --5.Sociology, cultural studies, and disciplinary boundaries /Frank Webster --6.Notes on the traffic between cultural studies and science and technology studies /Marianne de Laet --7.Political economy within cultural studies /Richard Maxwell --8.Cultural studies and philosophy : an intervention /Douglas Kellner --9."X" never, ever marks the spot : archaeology and cultural studies /Silke Morgenroth --10.The unbalanced reciprocity between cultural studies and anthropology /George E. Marcus --11.Media studies and cultural studies : a symbiotic convergence /John Nguyet Erni --12.Comparative cultural studies traditions : Latin America and the US /George Yúdice --13.Can cultural studies speak Spanish /Jorge Mariscal --14.Australasia /Graeme Turner --15.Peripheral vision : Chinese cultural studies in Hong Kong /Eric Kit-wai Ma --16.Decentering the centre : cultural studies in Britain and its legacy /Ben Carrington --17.European cultural studies /Paul Moore --18.Let's get serious : notes on teaching youth culture /Justin Lewis --19.Looking backwards and forwards at cultural studies /Paul Smith --20.Close encounters : sport, science, and political culture /C.L. Cole --21.Intellectuals, culture, policy : the practical and the critical /Tony Bennett --22.Listening to the state : culture, power, and cultural policy in Columbia /Ana María Ochoa Gautier --23.Museum highlights : a gallery talk /Andrea Fraser --24.The scandalous fall of feminism and the "first Black president" /Melissa Deem --25.Rap and feng shui : on ass politics, cultural studies, and the timbaland sound /Jason King --26.Fashion /Sarah Berry --27.Cultural studies and race /Robert Stam --28.Globalization and culture /Toby MillerandGeoffrey Lawrence --29."Cricket, with a plot" : nationalism, cricket, and diasporic identities /Suvendrini Perera --30.Bibliographical resources for cultural studies.

AbstractThis is the second paper on creating shared value (CSV) management in Japanese rice flour-related businesses conducted by the same authors. In the first study, the relationships among business philosophies, business strategies and business outcomes of rice flour-related corporates in Japan were clarified using structural equation modeling (SEM) and cognitive mapping of questionnaire survey results. The management philosophy, effective altruism, influences business strategies (potential head market, tail market, organizational learning, and proposals from stakeholders) of rice flour-related corporates, inducing innovation and determining current business performance and future prospects for shared value creation. The business performance reflects their expectations for the rice flour market, and influences the direction of market development. In addition, we showed a need for policy innovations that strengthen effective altruism and create shared value through organizational learning of the stakeholders in rice flour-related businesses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify conditions for approaching CSV management in domestic rice flour-related businesses by applying mixed methods research (MMR). Specifically, a latent class analysis (LCA) was introduced to classify the management characteristics of rice flour-related businesses with survey results, and a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) conducted on the CSV management entities extracted from the LCA to clarify the necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving CSV management. The results revealed that there are very few rice flour-related businesses in Japan that have approached CSV management, and sufficient conditions for approaching CSV management in rice flour-related businesses are a combination of effective altruism and various management strategies (long tail/organizational learning/innovation/stakeholder proposals). Therefore, we conclude that to achieve a sustainable regional development of rice flour-related businesses, policy innovations that integrate pull-type and push-type strategies are important.