Suchergebnisse

African-Americans in postbellum Norfolk, Virginia, as elsewhere, knew that merely gaining freedom through government action--the Confiscation Acts, Emancipation Proclamation, and Thirteenth Amendment--did not guarantee that they would be fairly treated. They therefore attempted to gain control of their lives through a vigorous affirmation of their rights. They began to record their antebellum marriages and normalize family relations, obtain an education, establish a base for economic prosperity, and participate in the political process. Through these actions they hoped to give true meaning to their freedom. Unfortunately, they were not always successful in their attempts.

Objective: Immigrants, especially refugees, face unique barriers to accessing health care relative to native born Americans. In this study, we examined how immigration status, health, barriers to access, and knowledge of the health care system relate to the likelihood of having a regular health care provider.Methods: Using logistic regression and data from a community-based participatory study, we estimated the relative likelihood that an African immigrant woman would have a regular health care provider com­pared with an African American woman.Results: Immigrant status remains a power­ful predictor of whether a woman had a regular health care provider after control­ling for covariates. African immigrants were 73% less likely to have a regular health care provider than were otherwise similar African American women.Conclusion: Expanding health care educational efforts for immigrants may be warranted. Future research should examine how cultural beliefs and time in residence influence health care utilization among US immigrants. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):253-260; doi:10.18865/ed.29.2.253

Bivariate analyses showed that continuously married urban African American, non‐Hispanic White, and Hispanic fathers and mothers reporting greater marital support and less relational control experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms. Multiple regression showed a stronger association between concurrent marital support and decreased depressive symptoms for mothers than fathers. African American and Hispanic fathers reporting higher levels of spousal relationship support when children were infants reported a larger decrease in depressive symptoms when children were age 3 compared to non‐Hispanic Whites. Relationship control at age 3 was positively related to increased depressive symptoms among all groups except African American fathers and White mothers. African American and Hispanic fathers with marital problems may need additional support services.

African American adolescents mature earlier and have their sexual debut (first voluntary penile-vaginal penetration) earlier in adolescence and thus are at a disproportionately greater risk for more sexual partners, STIs, unwanted pregnancies, abortions, and adolescent motherhood and fatherhood despite rate reductions for other adolescents over approximately the past 20 years. Although the focus of most studies has been mothers' influence in adolescents' reproductive health, fathers' influence has been found to make a difference. However, the influence of African American fathers' reproductive health communication has not been addressed. Not only could much be revealed in exploring the influence of African American fathers' reproductive health communication, but these findings could guide interventions, thus reducing African American adolescents' reproductive health morbidity.

Purpose: The current study seeks to investigate the extent to which factors such as income and child support along with relationship factors such as family structure and communication with the custodial mother potentially mitigate overall parent satisfaction for African American noncustodial fathers (NCFs) with multi-partnered fertility (MPF). Methods: 163 noncustodial fathers without and with children other than the custodial parents were selected. An independent sample t-test was conducted to determine differences in satisfaction levels. Multiple linear regression was conducted to predict participants' overall level of parental involvement satisfaction by income, child support, and relationship factors. Results: The data illustrates the combined influence of income, child support, relationship factors, and family structure account for a significant amount of the variance in satisfaction. Fathers without MPF reported greater satisfaction levels. Conclusions: Future study is recommended to advance our understanding of the predictors of NCFs parent satisfaction among NCFs with and without MPF.

ABSTRACTWe investigated the efficacy of plaque removal after an oral self‐care demonstration among adult Gullah‐speaking African Americans with diabetes. Fifty‐four adults with diabetes completed an observed, uninstructed oral self‐care demonstration with their normal mode of oral self‐care. Before and after the oral self‐care demonstration, the plaque levels of six test teeth were assessed using the Plaque Index. The mean percentage of plaque removal after the oral self‐care demonstration was 27.4%. The mandibular teeth and the lingual surface had less plaque removal compared with the maxillary teeth and buccal surfaces. Only approximately 10% of participants achieved 50% or more plaque removal after the oral self‐care demonstration. Thus, the majority of the participants did not achieve an acceptable level of plaque removal. Dental health professionals should emphasize better oral home care for people with diabetes and teach them how to access the lingual surfaces, especially of the mandibular teeth.