Suchergebnisse

Un modèle théorique de quatre contradictions de classe est proposé pour le Canada considéré dans le contexte de ses relations avec les Etats‐Unis et certains "tiers pays." Ces contradictions s'appellent l'exploitation de la classe industrielle, l'oppression de la classe de distribution, l'oppression de la classe de consommateurs et l'oppression de la classe financière. L'exploitation de la classe industrielle trouve son origine dans la théorie de Karl Marx d'exploitation d'une classe par une autre; l'oppression de la classe financière et des classes de distribution et de consommateurs peut être considéréé comme en étant directement ou indirectement dépendante de l'exploitation de la classe industrielle. L'exploitation de la classe industrielle se trouve située à l'intérieur de la sphère de production canadienne, dans laquelle les investissements américains au Canada représentent une part considérable tandis que l'oppression des classes financière, de distribution et de consommation se trouve située dans la sphère de la distribution, qui tend àêtre plus nationalement contrôlée par la classe capitaliste canadienne. Par conséquent, la dépendance du Canada envers les Etats‐Unis se trouve expliquée par la dépendance de l'oppression des classes financière, de consommation et de distribution par rapport à l'exploitation de la classe industrielle. Etant donné que les investissements étrangers dans les tiers pays provenant du Canada reflètent la division à l'intérieur du Canada entre production et distribution par nationalité, la domination relative du Canada dans les tiers pays s'explique par la dépendance de l'oppression des classes financière, de distribution et de consommation dans ces pays par des capitalistes canadiens du pays même à la dépendance de classe du Canada par rapport aux Etats‐Unis par le biais de l'exploitation de la classe industrielle. Quelques conclusions ont pu en être tirées pour une théorie des transformations structurelles aux échelons national et international.A theoretical model of four class contradictions is proposed for Canada considered in the context of its relations with the United States and "third countries."1 These contradictions are industrial class exploitation, circulation class oppression, consumer class oppression, and financial class oppression. Industrial class exploitation is rooted in Karl Marx's theory of class exploitation, and circulation, consumer, and financial class oppression are viewed as directly or indirectly dependent on industrial class exploitation. Industrial class exploitation is located within the sphere of Canadian production which is largely supported by us investment, while circulation, consumer, and financial class oppression are located within the sphere of circulation more of which tends to be indigenously controlled by the Canadian capitalist class. Therefore, the dependence of Canada on the United States is traced to the dependence of circulation, consumer, and financial class oppression on industrial class exploitation. Since foreign investments in third countries originating from Canada reflect the internal Canadian division between production and circulation by nationality, Canada's relative dominance in third countries is traced to the dependence of circulation, consumer, and financial class oppression in these countries by indigenous Canadian capitalists on Canada's class dependence on the United States through industrial class exploitation. Some implications are drawn for a theory of structural transformations at the national and international levels.

In this report, Amnesty International publishes details it has obtained about new extrajudical executions and other grave abuses in Somalia. They reflect gross contempt on the part of the perpetrators for the right to life and the dignity of the person. The abuses documented here were committed mostly by General Mohamed Farah Aideed's faction of the United Somali Congress (USC), but other groups have also killed unarmed civilians belonging to what they identify as enemy clans. (DÜI-Hff)

This book brings together a group of leading scholars on international relations to develop and apply the concept of polarity on past and present international relations and discuss its applicability and usefulness in the future. Despite a comprehensive debate on a global power shift, often discussed in terms of the decline of the United States, the crisis in the liberal international order, and the rise of China, IRs main concept of power, polarity, remains undertheorized and understudied. The great powers and their importance for dynamics and processes in the international system are central to current debates on international order, but these debates too often suffer from a combination of politicized empirical analysis and reliance on old theoretical debates and conceptualizations, typically originating in the Cold War security environment. In order to meet these challenges, this book updates, conceptualizes, applies and critically debates the concepts of unipolarity, bipolarity, multipolarity and non-polarity in order to understand the current world order. Nina Grger is Professor of International Relations and Head of Department at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Bertel Heurlin is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Ole Wver is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Anders Wivel is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- Glossary -- SUMMARY OF MISSION OUTCOMES AND PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS -- PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS -- DETAILED TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- A. Action Plan -- B. Introduction -- C. Balance of Payments -- D. Debt Statistics -- E. International Investment Position -- F. Officials Met During the Mission -- TABLE -- 1. Priority recommendations -- ANNEXES -- I. Central Bank of Mauritania: Balance of Payments - Presentation as on the Central Bank Website -- II. Classification of Bank Receipts and Payments Made by Commercial Banks for the Account of Their Resident Customers -- III. Commercial Credits: Structure of Data to be Collected for the BOP and the IIP -- Processing -- IV. Estimation of Foreign Direct Investment Transactions Related to Public Construction Projects Lasting More Than One Year-Quantified Example -- V. Foreign Direct Investment Survey Form