Suchergebnisse

AbstractGossip initiations and listener responses were examined in conversations between 25 female‐female, 19 male‐male and 24 female‐male pairs of friends. Participants were 18 to 21 years of age (mean age = 19) and had known one another at least 2 months (mean length = 24 months). Transcribed tape recordings of 5–minute unstructured conversations were analyzed for gossip initiations (evalutive comments about a familiar third person) and gossip responses (discouraging, neutral, mildly encouraging, moderately encouraging, highly encouraging). Overall, encouraging responses were more likely than discouraging or neutral responses. Group differences were also observed. Negative gossip was more likely to occur between female pairs than between male pairs or cross‐gender pairs. Also, among female pairs only, negative gossip was more likely than positive gossip. Furthermore, the female pairs tended to respond to evaluative gossip with highly encouraging comments. There were no gender differences within the cross‐gender pairs associated with any behaviors. The findings suggest that women may be more likely than men to use and encourage gossip in same‐gender friendships in order to establish solidarity and make social comparisons.

Discusses research into the predominance of males in warfare, including the role of culture and biology, focusing on the book "War and gender: how gender shapes the war system and vice versa," by Joshua S. Goldstein; 3 articles. Contents: Rough-and-tumble world: men writing about gender and war, by Matthew Evangelista; Gender and war: causes, constructions, and critique, by Elisabeth Prugl; Uniform justice: assessing women in combat, by Elizabeth Kier.

Data gathered by the authors from undergraduate and part‐time graduate business students in 1976‐1977 suggested that men were more likely than women to aspire to top management and that, consistent with traditional stereotypes of males and managers, a gender identity consisting of high masculinity and low femininity was associated with aspirations to top management. As a result of gender‐related social changes, we expected the gender difference in aspirations to top management but not the importance of gender identity to have decreased over time. We collected data in 1999 from the same two populations to test these notions. In newly collected data, high masculinity (but not low femininity) was still associated with such aspirations, and men still aspired to top management positions more than women. However, the gender difference in aspirations to top management did not decrease over time.

In Australia, microfinance is gaining visibility as a distinct poverty alleviation strategy. Within the Australian microfinance policy and program discourses, the microfinance sector is framed as targeting both men and women equally. Yet at the practice level, the majority of loan recipients are women. Such a gender neutral framing is in stark contrast to microfinance policy and practices developed elsewhere. This paper explores how gender is represented in microfinance policy and practice in Australia, drawing on an analysis of the policy and practice statements of Australian microfinance programs. It is argued that the robust feminist assessments of the relationship between microfinance and gender equality that have emerged in developing countries could usefully inform Australian developments in this area of social policy, but that this shift requires acknowledging gender in the framing of the problem Australian microfinance seeks to address.

Kesalahan perspektif terhadap konsep di dalam Islam telah sampai pada pembahasan perempuan, yang oleh sebagian kalangan masih dianggap tabu. Walaupun pembahasan gender dalam Islam telah muncul sejak kelahirannya, namun ketika terjadi benturan dengan tuntutan sosial, politik, dan budaya misalnya, diskursus ini ramai dibicarakan kembali. Banyak hal yang harus diluruskan dalam persepsi masyarakat tentang perempuan terutama anggapan bahwa kaum laki-laki lebih utama daripada kaum perempuan. Banyak kalangan berbicara tentang ketimpangan sosial berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Islam tidak sejalan dengan paham patriarki yang tidak memberikan peluang bagi perempuan untuk berkarya lebih besar di dalam atau di luar rumah. Al-Qur'an tidak mengenalkan konsep dosa warisan dari ibu-bapak umat manusia (Hawa dan Adam) dalam skandal buah terlarang, melainkan itu tanggung jawab bersama keduanya. Perbedaan anatomi fisik dan biologis antara laki–laki dan perempuan tidaklah mengharuskan adanya perbedaan status dan kedudukan. Dalam persoalan tuntutan kesetaraan gender inilah tulisan ini akan membahasnya. Kata Kunci: Islam, Kesetaraan, Gender

"How do we talk about gender? This book breaks down the topic of gender for young readers. Filled with engaging photos and captions, this series opens up opportunities for deeper thought and informed conversation. Guided exploration of topics in 21st Century Junior Library's signature style help readers to Look, Think, Ask Questions, Make Guesses, and Create as they go!"--

"Die zum Teil widersprüchlichen Zusammenhänge von Geschlecht, Körper und Wahrnehmung standen im Fokus des 3. Interdisziplinären Gender-Kolloquiums vom 24.-26.11.2011 in Rostock. Organisiert wurde die Tagung von der 2007 gegründeten Arbeitsgruppe Gender-Forschung der Universität Rostock. Ziel war, mit den insgesamt 17 Vorträgen aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aus verschiedenen Disziplinen zu weiblichen wie männlichen Körpern, Körperbildern und Körpervorstellungen zu bündeln. Durch die Beteiligung von Forscherinnen aus Großbritannien, Schweden und Finnland konnten auch internationale Perspektiven zur Genderforschung diskutiert werden." (Autorenreferat)

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the author -- The study of gender -- Researching sex and gender -- Gender stereotypes: masculinity and femininity -- Hormones and chromosomes -- Theories of gender development -- Developing gender identity -- Intelligence and cognitive abilities -- Emotion -- Relationships -- Sexuality -- School -- Careers and work -- Health and fitness -- Stress, coping, and psychopathology -- Treatment for mental disorders -- How different? -- References -- Index

This book is an essential resource for exploring and deconstructing the gender binary in the early years sector. Drawing on Warin's extensive research, it offers practical advice, examples of innovative classroom practice, and thought-provoking case studies, balanced alongside lively debate, scholarly discussion, and questions for reader reflection. The book not only covers the existing debates in the field, but proposes and advocates for a 'gender flexible' approach to the teaching and learning of young children that challenges gender stereotypes and essentialism. The style and content bridge the gap between theory and practice making it perfect for an audience of early years education students, professionals, trainees and researchers--back cover

"Gender and Governance" published on by Oxford University Press.